Theodoric "the Great," King of the Ostrogoths

• Son of Theodomir, king of the Ostrogoths and Ereleuva, concubine of Theodimir
• Theodoric the Great (454 – 30 August 526), also spelled Theoderic or called Theodoric the Amal (/θiˈɒdərɪk/; Latin: Flāvius Theodorīcus, Greek: Θευδέριχος, Theuderichos), was king of the Ostrogoths (471–526), and ruler of the independent Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy between 493–526,[3] regent of the Visigoths (511–526), and a patrician of the East Roman Empire. As ruler of the combined Gothic realms, Theodoric controlled an empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Adriatic Sea.
• MD's Note on picture: This mosaic in Ravenna, when discovered under plaster, was erroneously identified as being a portrait of Justinian, and currently (after restoration) carries a caption above it identifying him as Justinian. But the church was Theodoric's palace church; the mosaic bears no resemblance to other mosaics of Justinian (see another Ravenna mosaic on his Geni profile; and it umistakeably resembles the very fine gold medallion issued by Theodoric. There can be no doubt that this is Theodoric.
• Find A Grave Memorial for Theodoric the Great

Project MedLands, ITALY Kings

THEODORIC, son of THEODEMIR King of the Ostrogoths in Pannonia & his concubine Ereleuva --- ([451][264]-Ravenna 30 Aug 526). Iordanes names "Theodericum" as son of Theodemir, in a later passage naming his mother "Erelieva concubina"[265]. Herimannus names "Theodericus, Theodmari filius, rex Ostrogothorum" when recording his arrival in Italy[266]. He was sent as a hostage to Constantinople at the age of seven in [459/61], returning in [469/70] to assume control of the part of the kingdom formerly ruled by his uncle Valamir, under his father as overall king[267]. He left Pannonia with his father in [473], settling at Kyrrhos in Macedonia where his father named him as his successor in 474. However, by 476 Theodoric had moved back across the Danube and settled in lower Moesia in the city of Novae-Svištov. While Emperor Zeno was planning to resettle his contingent in Dacia, Theodoric marched westwards to join his relative Sidimund at Durazzo[268]. He marched against Greece in 482 and forced Emperor Zeno to conclude a treaty under which Theodoric was named consul for 484 at Constantinople and given Dacia ripensis and parts of lower Moesia[269]. He acquired Roman citizenship to serve as consul, adopting the name FLAVIUS AMALUS THEODERICUS[270]. Procopius records that “duce Theoderico” was "patricius" and later was appointed to the "consularem" by Byzantium[271]. In 487, he began an offensive against Constantinople, but was bought off by rich presents brought by his half-sister Amalafrida. He led the Ostrogoths on the move again in 488 into Italy, where he put King Odovacar to flight in Aug 489. Theodoric captured Verona, then Milan and Pavia, establishing his capital in the latter[272]. King Odovacar counter-attacked, but was again defeated 11 Aug 490. He compromised with Theodoric in Feb 493, agreeing to joint rule over Italy, but Theodoric captured and personally killed Odovacar after entering Ravenna[273]. He was proclaimed THEODORIC "the Great" King of Italy[274] by the Gothic army in Mar 493, with his capital at Ravenna. He was recognised as ruler in the west by Emperor Anastasius at Constantinople in 498[275]. Relations with the Franks, cemented by King Theodoric's marriage in [492], deteriorated somewhat in [506] when the Franks persecuted the Alamanni who were under Theodoric's protection[276]. However, despite the close family ties with the Visigothic kingdom after his daughter's marriage with the Visigothic king, King Theodoric was unable or unwilling to provide the necessary military support for his son-in-law against the Franks at the battle of the Vouillé in 507[277]. King Theodoric acted nominally as regent in the kingdom of the Visigoths 507-526 during the minority of his grandson Amalric King of the Visigoths, but declared himself king of the Visigothic kingdom in 511, although he appointed his sword-bearer Teudis (who later succeeded as king of the Visigoths) as governor[278]. He annexed the Visigothic territory between the Alps and the Rhône to the kingdom of Italy, and re-established the Gallic prefecture at Arles in 510[279]. The Marii Episcopi Aventicensis Chronica records the death in 526 of "Theudoricus rex Gothorum in urbe Ravenna"[280]. He died from dysentery[281].
married ([492]%29 AUDOFLEDIS, daughter of CHILDERIC I King of the Franks & his wife Basina ---. Gregory of Tours names Audofleda as the sister of King Clovis, recording that she married Theodoric King of Italy[282]. Iordanes records the marriage of Theodoric and "Lodoin Francorum regem filiam eius Audefledam" and names her brothers "Celdebertum et Heldebertum et Thiudebertum"[283], although this is presumably an incorrect reference to her nephews and great-nephew with similar names. Concubine: ---. Iordanes records that Theodoric's two daughters were born "ex concubina…in Moesia" before his marriage to Audofledis[284]. The name of the concubine of Theodoric is not known.

King Theodoric & his wife AUDOFLEDIS had one daughter:

• 1. AMALASUINTHA [Amalswinde] ([493]-murdered [30 Apr] 535). Iordanes names "Amalasuentham" as daughter of Theodoric[285]. Gregory of Tours records that King Theodoric left his wife Audofleda "with a small daughter…Amalasuntha" when he died[286], although this appears misleading with regard to her age bearing in mind the chronology of events established in other sources. In a passage which appears to be a complete fabrication, Gregory records that Amalasuntha eloped with one of her slaves, Traguilla, who was later killed by her mother's emissaries who brought Amalasuntha back after "a good beating". Gregory then recounts that she murdered her mother by poisoning her communion chalice, but was herself killed by "Theudat King of Tuscany" whom the people had called to rule over them[287]. This story may have been Gregory's way of justifying King Theodebert's subsequent attack on Italy, the account of which follows in the succeeding paragraph. She was regent in Italy for her son in 526. Procopius records that “ex filia nepos Atalaricus” succeeded on the death of "Theoderico" under the rule of "Amalasuntha matre"[288]. She renounced the territory north of the River Durance in favour of the Burgundians in 530 in the name of her son[289]. On the death of her son in 534, she declared herself AMALASUINTHA Queen of Italy, appointing her cousin Theodahad as co-regent. Theodahad arrested her end-534 and imprisoned her on an island in Lake Bolsena, where "after spending a very few days in sorrow, she was strangled in the bath by his hirelings" according to Jordanes[290]. married (515) EUTHARICH [Eutarico], son of VETERIC & his wife --- (-[522/23]). Iordanes names "Eutharicum" as son of "Vetericus" and as husband of "Amalasuentham" and father of their two children[291]. The Chronicle of Cassiodorus records the marriage in 515 of "Theodericus filiam usam dominam Amalasuintam" and "gloriosi viri dn Eutharici"[292]. Eutharic was adopted by Emperor Justin in recognition of his father-in-law's decision to designate him as his successor after his marriage. He was given Roman citizenship and became first consul in 519 as FLAVIUS EUTHARICUS CILLIGA[293]. Wolfram estimates that Eutharich died in [522/23][294]. Jordanes specifies that Eutharich predeceased King Theodoric's nomination of his son Athalaric as his successor.

Eutharic & Amalasuintha had two children:

• a) ATHALARIC ([517/18]-2 Oct 534). Iordanes names "Athalaricum et Matesuentham" as children of "Amalasuentham…de Eutharico viro suo"[295]. He succeeded in 526 as ATHALARIC King of Italy. Procopius records that “ex filia nepos Atalaricus” succeeded on the death of "Theoderico" under the rule of "Amalasuntha matre"[296]. The Marii Episcopi Aventicensis Chronica records that "Atalericus nepos eius" succeeded King Theodoric in 526[297]. Iordanes specifies that Athalric was 8 years old when he succeeded his maternal grandfather, under the regency of his mother[298].
  
• b) MATASUNTHA [Mathesuentha] ([518]-). Iordanes names "Athalaricum et Matesuentham" as children of "Amalasuentham…de Eutharico viro suo", specifying that Matasuntha married firstly "Vitigis" by whom she was childless and secondly "Germanus patricius fratruelis Iustiniani imp"[299]. Procopius records that “Vitigis” married "Matasuntham Amalasunthæ filiæ, maturam iam viro virginem" to legitimise his position (in 536)[300]. Procopius records that Germanus married secondly "Amalasuntha Theoderici filia Matasuntham” after the death of Vitigis[301]. married firstly (end 536) as his second wife, VITIGIS King of Italy, son of --- (-542). married secondly (542) as his second wife, GERMANUS, nephew of Emperor JUSTINIAN, son of --- (-[551]).
  

King Theodoric had two illegitimate daughters by his concubine:

• 2. THEODEGOTHA [Thiudigotho]. Iordanes names "unam…Thiudigoto et aliam Ostrogotho" as the two daughters of Theodoric born "ex concubina…in Moesia" before his marriage to Audofledis, specifying that they came to Italy and were married "unam Alarico Vesegotharum et aliam Sigismundo Burgundzonorum"[302]. Procopius records that “regi Visigothorum Alarico” married "Theoderici…Theudichusam virginem filiam"[303]. married ([494][304]) ALARIC II King of the Visigoths, son of EURIC King of the Visigoths & his wife --- (-killed in battle Poitiers 507).
• 3. OSTROGOTHO ([475/80]-before [520]). Iordanes names "unam…Thiudigoto et aliam Ostrogotho" as the two daughters of Theodoric born "ex concubina…in Moesia" before his marriage to Audofledis, specifying that they came to Italy and were married "unam Alarico Vesegotharum et aliam Sigismundo Burgundzonorum"[305]. Her father arranged her marriage as part of his negotiations for an alliance with the Burgundians. According to Settipani[306], this marriage took place soon after Theoderic arrived in Italy. Wolfram suggests[307] that Theodoric's alliance with the Burgundians was settled in 496. married ([494/96]) as his first wife, SIGISMUND of Burgundy, son of GONDEBAUD King of Burgundy & his wife Caratena (-murdered 523, bur Agaune). He succeeded his father in 516 as SIGISMUND King of Burgundy.

Theodoric the Great, by Wikipedia

As a young child of an Ostrogothic nobleman, Theodoric was taken as a hostage in Constantinople, where he spent his formative years and received an east Roman education. Theodoric returned to Pannonia around 470, and throughout the 470s he campaigned against the Sarmatians and competed for influence among the Goths of the Roman Balkans. The emperor Zeno made him a commander of the Eastern Roman forces in AD 483, and in AD 484 he was named consul. Nevertheless, Theodoric remained in constant hostilities with the emperor and frequently raided East Roman lands.

At the behest of Zeno, Theodoric attacked Odoacer in 489, emerging victorious in 493. As the new ruler of Italy, he upheld a Roman legal administration and scholarly culture and promoted a major building program across Italy.[4] In 505 he expanded into the Balkans, and by 511 he had brought the Visigothic Kingdom under his direct control and established hegemony over the Burgundian and Vandal kingdoms. Theodoric died in 526 and was buried in a grand mausoleum in Ravenna.

Youth and Early Exploits

Theodoric was born in AD 454 in Pannonia on the banks of the Neusiedler See near Carnuntum, the son of king Theodemir, a Germanic Amali nobleman, and his concubine Ereleuva. This was just a year after the Ostrogoths had thrown off nearly a century of domination by the Huns. His Gothic name, which is reconstructed by linguists as *Þiudareiks, translates into "people-king" or "ruler of the people".[5]

In 461, when Theodoric was but seven or eight years of age, he was taken as a hostage in Constantinople to secure the Ostrogoths' compliance with a treaty Theodemir had concluded with the augustus Leo I (ruled 457–474). The treaty secured a payment to Constantinople of some 300 pounds' worth of gold each year.[6] Theodoric was well educated by Constantinople's best teachers.[7] His status made him valuable, since the Amal family from which he came (as told by Theodoric),[8] allegedly ruled half of all Goths since the third-century AD. Historian Peter Heather argues that Theodoric's claims were likely self-aggrandizing propaganda and that the Amal dynasty was more limited than modern commentators presume.[9] Until 469, Theodoric remained in Constantinople where he spent formative years "catching up on all the Romanitas" it had taken generations of Visigothic Balthi to acquire.[10] Theodoric was treated with favor by the emperor Leo I.[11] He learned to read, write, and perform arithmetic while in captivity in the Eastern Empire.[3]

When Leo heard that his imperial army was returning from having been turned back by the Goths near Pannonia, he sent Theodoric home with gifts and no promises of any commitments.[12][b] On his return in 469/470, Theodoric assumed leadership over the Gothic regions previously ruled by his uncle, Valamir, while his father became king. Not long afterwards near Singidunum (modern Belgrade) in upper Moesia, the Tisza Sarmatian king Babai had extended his authority at Constantinople's expense. Legitimizing his position as a warrior, Theodoric crossed the Danube with six thousand warriors, defeated the Sarmatians and killed Babai; this moment likely crystallized his position and marked the beginning of his kingship, despite not actually having yet assumed the throne.[14] Perhaps to assert his authority as an Amali prince, Theodoric kept the conquered area of Singidunum for himself.

Throughout the 470s, sometimes in the name of the empire itself, Theodoric launched campaigns against potential Gothic rivals and other enemies of the Eastern Empire, which made him an important military and political figure. One of his chief rivals was the chieftain of the Thracian Goths Theodoric Strabo (Strabo means "the Squinter"), who had led a major revolt against the emperor Zeno. Finding common ground with the emperor, Theodoric was rewarded by Zeno and made commander of East Roman forces, while his people became foederati or federates of the Roman army.[16]

Zeno attempted to play one Germanic chieftain against another and take advantage of an opportunity sometime in 476/477 when—after hearing demands from Theodoric for new lands since his people were facing a famine—he offered Theodoric Strabo the command once belonging to Theodoric. Enraged by this betrayal, Theodoric sought his wrath against the communities in the Rhodope Mountains, where his forces commandeered livestock and slaughtered peasants, sacked and burned Stobi in Macedonia and requisitioned supplies from the archbishop at Heraclea.[17] Gothic plundering finally elicited a settlement from Zeno, but Theodoric initially refused any compromise. Theodoric sent one of his confidants, Sidimund, forward to Epidaurum for negotiations with Zeno.[18] While the Roman envoy and Theodoric were negotiating, Zeno sent troops against some of Theodoric's wagons, which were under the protection of his able general Theodimund. Unaware of this treachery, Theodoric's Goths lost around 2,000 wagons and 5,000 of his people were taken captive.[19]

He settled his people in Epirus in 479 with the help of his relative Sidimund. In 482, he raided Greece and sacked Larissa. Bad luck, rebellions, and poor decisions left Zeno in an unfortunate position,[c] which subsequently led him to seek another agreement with Theodoric. In 483, Zeno made Theodoric magister militum praesentalis[21] and consul designate in 484, whereby he commanded the Danubian provinces of Dacia Ripensis and Moesia Inferior as well as the adjacent regions.

Reign

Seeking further gains, Theodoric frequently ravaged the provinces of the Eastern Roman Empire, eventually threatening Constantinople itself. By 486, there was little disputing the open hostilities between Theodoric and Zeno. The emperor sought the assistance of the Bulgarians, who were likewise defeated by Theodoric.[23] In 487, Theodoric began his aggressive campaign against Constantinople, blockading the city, occupying strategically important suburbs, and cutting off its water supply; although it seems Theodoric never intended to occupy the city but instead, to use the assault as a means of gaining power and prestige from the Eastern Empire.[24]

The Ostrogoths needed a place to live, and Zeno was having serious problems with Odoacer, the Germanic foederatus and King of Italy, who although ostensibly viceroy for Zeno, was menacing

Byzantine territory and not respecting the rights of Roman citizens in Italy. In 488, Zeno ordered Theodoric to overthrow Odoacer. For this task, he received support from Rugian king Frideric, the son of Theodoric's cousin Giso. Theodoric moved with his people towards Italy in the autumn of 488.[25] On the way he was opposed by the Gepids, whom he defeated at Sirmium in August 489.[25] Arriving in Italy, Theodoric won the battles of Isonzo and Verona in 489.[26]

Once again, Theodoric was pressed by Zeno in 490 to attack Odoacer.[27] Theodoric's army was defeated by Odoacer's forces at Faenza in 490, but regained the upper hand after securing victory in the Battle of the Adda River on 11 August 490.[28] For several years, the armies of Odoacer and Theodoric vied for supremacy across the Italian peninsula.[29] In 493, Theodoric took Ravenna. On 2 February 493, Theodoric and Odoacer signed a treaty that assured both parties would rule over Italy.[28] Then on 5 March 493, Theodoric entered the city of Ravenna.[30] A banquet was organised on 15 March 493 in order to celebrate this treaty.[28] At this feast, Theodoric, after making a toast, killed Odoacer. Theodoric drew his sword and struck him on the collarbone.[28] Along with Odoacer, Theodoric had the betrayed king's most loyal followers slaughtered as well, an event which left him as the master of Italy.[31]

With Odoacer dead and his forces dispersed, Theodoric now faced the problem of settlement for his people.[32] Concerned about thinning out the Amal line too much, Theodoric believed he could not afford to spread some 40,000 of his tribesmen across the entire Italian peninsula.[33] Such considerations led him to the conclusion that it was best to settle the Ostrogoths in three concentrated areas: around Pavia, Ravenna, and Picenum.[33] Theodoric's kingdom was among the most "Roman" of the barbarian states and he successfully ruled most of Italy for thirty-three years following his treachery against Odoacer.[34]

Theodoric extended his hegemony over the Burgundian, Visigothics royals, and Vandal kingdoms through marriage alliances. He had married the sister of the mighty Frankish king, Clovis—likely in recognition of Frankish power.[35] He sent a substantial dowry accompanied by a guard of 5,000 troops with his sister Amalafrida when she married the king of the Vandals and Alans, Thrasamund.[36] In 504–505, Theodoric extended his realms in the Balkans by defeating the Gepids, acquiring the province of Pannonia.[31] Theodoric became regent for the infant Visigothic king, his grandson Amalaric, following the defeat of Alaric II by the Franks under Clovis in 507. The Franks were able to wrest control of Aquitaine from the Visigoths, but otherwise Theodoric was able to defeat their incursions.[37][38]

In 511, the Visigothic Kingdom was brought under Theodoric's direct control, forming a Gothic superstate that extended from the Atlantic to the Danube. While territories that were lost to the Franks remained that way, Theodoric concluded a peace arrangement with the heirs of the Frankish Kingdom once Clovis was dead.[39] Additional evidence of the Gothic king's extensive royal reach include the acts of ecclesiastical councils that were held in Tarragona and Gerona; while both occurred in 516 and 517, they date back to the "regnal years of Theoderic, which seem to commence in the year 511".

Links

• https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoderik_Suuri
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Theodoric
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great
• http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodorico_il_Grande
• http://www.boudicca.de/jordanes4-e.htm
• https://archive.org/stream/gothichistoryofj00jorduoft/gothichistory...
• http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/_voelkerwanderung/t/theoderich...
• http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagy_Theodorik
• http://www.northvegr.org/lore/jgoth/024.php
• http://www.bertsgeschiedenissite.nl/ijzertijd/eeuw4ac/ostrogoten.htm
• http://familytrees.genopro.com/318186/jarleslekt/default.htm?page=t...
• http://www.ghg.net/shetler/oldimp/017.html

Sources

• [262] Wolfram, H. (1998) History Of The Goths (Berkeley, California), p. 262.
• [263] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, pp. 77 and 128.
• [264] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 482, MHG SS V, p. 84.
• [265] Wolfram (1998), p. 267. According to Settipani, C. and Kerrebrouck, P. van (1993) La préhistoire des Capétiens 481-987, 1ère partie, Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens (Villeneuve d'Ascq), p. 52, Theoderic returned in [475].
• [266] Wolfram (1998), pp. 270-4.
• [267] Wolfram (1998), p. 277.
• [268] Wolfram (1998), pp. 277 and 286.
• [269] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.1, p. 7.
• [270] Wolfram (1998), p. 289.
• [271] Wolfram (1998), pp. 281-3.
• [272] His title was Flavius Theodericus rex, rather than rex Gothorum, see Wolfram (1998), p. 286.
• [273] Wolfram (1998), p. 284.
• [274] Wolfram (1998), p. 314.
• [275] Wolfram (1998), p. 309.
• [276] Wolfram (1998), p. 245.
• [277] Wolfram (1998), p. 309.
• [278] Marii Episcopi Aventicensis Chronica 526, MGH Auct. ant. XI, p. 235.
• [279] Wolfram (1998), p. 331.
• [280] Gregory of Tours III.31, p. 187.
• [281] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131.
• [282] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131.
• [283] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 77.
• [284] Gregory of Tours III.31, p. 187.
• [285] Gregory of Tours III.31, pp. 187-8.
• [286] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.2, p. 12.
• [287] Wolfram (1998), p. 312.
• [288] Jordanes, LIX, p. 51.
• [289] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 77 and 123.
• [290] Cassiodori Senatoris Chronica 515, MGH Auct. ant. XI, p. 159.
• [291] Wolfram (1998), p. 328.
• [292] Wolfram (1998), p. 521 footnote 490..
• [300] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131.
• [301] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.12, p. 65.
• [302] Date estimated on the basis of the marriage taking place soon after King Theoderic came to Italy, which is isuggested by Iordanes.
• [303] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131.
• [304] Settipani (1993), p. 61, footnote 97.
• [305] Wolfram (1998), p. 311.
• Grun, Bernard (1991) [1946]. The Timetable of History (New Third Revised Edition ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 30–31. ISBN 0-671-74271-X.
• Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg: Dietrich von Bern. König zu Bonn. Herbig: Munich / Berlin 1982
• See, for example, the critical review by Henry Kratz, in The German Quarterly 56/4 (November 1983), p. 636-638. Peter Heather, 1996, "The Goths" (Blackwell, Oxford)
• O'Donnell, James J. 1979, Cassiodorus. (University of California Press) [1]
• Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911: "Dietrich of Bern"
• Rolf Badenhausen, "Merovingians by the Svava?": discussion based on the Skokloster Svava, Stockholm catalogued as Skokloster-Codex-I/115&116 quarto, E 9013.
• John Moorhead, 1992. Theoderic in Italy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-814781-3.
• Theodoric the Great at MiddleAges.net
• Theodoric the Goth, 1897, by Thomas Hodgkin, from Project Gutenberg
• Theodoric the Great at the Catholic Encyclopedia
• FMG on Theodoric the Great, King of Italy
• Browning Robert: Justinian und Theodora. Herrscher in Byzanz. Manfred Pawlak Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, *
• Herrsching 1988 Seite 16,22,27,31,34,37,64,106,112,121,124,128,150,156,165,174,181,189, 193,223
• Dahn Felix: Die Völkerwanderung. Germanisch-Romanische Frühgeschichte Europas. Verlag Hans Kaiser Klagenfurt 1977 Seite 31,32,46,51,97,112,174,175,176,342,353,363,367,411
• Ensslin Wilhelm: Theoderich der Große. F. Bruckmann KG München 1959
• Geuenich, Dieter: Geschichte der Alemannen. Verlag W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart Berlin Köln 1997, Seite 83,87,89,157
• Gregor von Tours: Fränkische Geschichte. Phaidon Verlag, Essen und Stuttgart 1988 Buch III Kapitel 5,31
• Günther Rigobert: Römische Kaiserinnen. Zwischen Liebe, Macht und Religion. Militzke Verlag Leipzig 2003 Seite 95
• Norwich John Julius: Byzanz. Der Aufstieg des oströmischen Reiches. Econ Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf und *
• München 1993 Seite 203-207,209,219,249,253,278,286,299,460
• Offergeld Thilo: Reges pueri. Das Königtum Minderjähriger im frühen Mittelalter. Hahnsche Buchhandlung Hannover 2001 Seite 1,73-83,86-90,95-97,104,128,134,135,137,138,139,185,295,824
• Paulus Diakonus und die Geschichtsschreiber der Langobarden: Geschichte der Langobarden. Phaidon Verlag Kettwig 1992 Buch II Kapitel 27/Buch IV Kapitel 21
• Riehl Hans: Die Völkerwanderung. Der längste Marsch der Weltgeschichte. W. Ludwig Verlag 1988 Seite * 213,213,246,247,251,254,269,271, 278,295,301
• Schreiber Hermann: Auf den Spuren der Goten. List Verlag München 1977 Seite 23,25, 86,211 214,216,217,218,219,220,220-223,224-230,240,241,243,245,260, 266,313
• Schreiber Hermann: Die Hunnen. Attila probt den Weltuntergang. Econ Verlag Wien-Düsseldorf 1990 Seite 32, 221,236,285,320,325
• Schreiber Hermann: Die Vandalen. Siegeszug und Untergang eines germanischen Volkes. Gondrom Verlag Bindlach 1993 Seite 11,101,159,167,201,211,218,232,235, 238,286,289,294,302,316,322,337
• Schulze: Das Reich und die Deutschen. Hegemoniales Kaisertum. Ottonen und Salier. Siedler Verlag, Seite 69 71,99,328
• Thiele, Andreas: Erzählende genealogische Stammtafeln zur europäischen Geschichte Band III Europäische Kaiser-, Königs- und Fürstenhäuser Ergänzungsband, R.G. Fischer Verlag 1994 Tafel 220

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ITALY,%20Kings%20to%20962.htm#Theod...

MD's Note on picture: This mosaic in Ravenna, when discovered under plaster, was erroneously identified as being a portrait of Justinian, and currently (after restoration) carries a caption above it identifying him as Justinian. But the church was Theodoric's palace church; the mosaic bears no resemblance to other mosaics of Justinian (see another Ravenna mosaic on his Geni profile; and it umistakeably resembles the very fine gold medallion issued by Theodoric. There can be no doubt that this is Theodoric.

Ben M. Angel's summary:

Relationships:

Parents:

• King Theodemir of the Ostrogoths (449-474)
• Ereleuva, Concubine of Theodemir

Siblings:

• 1. Amalafrida (d. 523/525), Queen of the Vandals (500-523)
• 3. Theodimund, military leader in 479 campaign
• 4. Unknown daughter of Theodemir (d. c479)

Partners and Children: Spouse: Audofledis of the Salian Franks

• Child: Amalasuintha (c493 - 535), Queen of Italy

Concubine: Woman of Moesia

• Children:
  • 1. Theodegotha/Thiudigotho, wife of Alaric II, King of the Visigoths
  • 2. Ostrogotho (475/480 - before 520), wife of King Sigismund of Burgundy

No other relationships should be attached to this person without a source provided. (Note: A Theodoric I of the Visigoths does exist, who had 8 children, though these should be peeled off this Theodoric's tree by now. There were also Theodoric IIs in both the Amal and Balti families. To underscore the confusion between all the Theodorics, it should be noted that the painting given as a picture of the Ostrogoth Theodoric on the Italian Wikipedia page is actually of the Visigoth Theodoric, who died at the Battle of Chalons.)

Basic information and justifications:

Birth: 454 - Lake Nieusidl, Pannonia (based on Theodoric the Goth, by Thomas Hodgkin, with corroboration by English Wikipedia that names the Neusiedler See/Lake Neusiedl near ancient Carnuntum on the present Austrian-Hungarian border)

Death: 26 August 526 - Ravenna, Italy (no longer Roman Empire after 476)

Burial: Mausoleo di Teodorico (an entry on Find-A-Grave designates this as the Santa Maria Rotonda, but this name does not appear on either the English or Italian Wikipedia entries, and is probably not a locally used name for the mausoleum: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Theodoric).

Wedding: c492 (from FMG)

No baptismal information as yet (though it appears that the Mormons have him "christened" in 510 for no readily apparent reason).

Occupation: King of the Ostrogoths (474-526), Roman Viceroy/King of Italy (493-526), Regent for Amalric of the Visigoths (507-526)

Mostly from Wikipedia. He was Roman Viceroy in Italy, but was wholly independent of rule from Constantinople, thus the King label (also, his daughter would become Queen of Italy after his death).

Alternate names: Flavius Amalus Theodericus, Theodericus, Þiudareiks/Thiudareiks, Θευδέριχος/Theυderichos, Þēodrīc/Theodric, Theoderich der Große, Þjóðrekr/Thiodrekr, Þiðrek/Thidrek, Teodorico el Grande, Théodoric le Grand, Teoderik den store, Theodorik de Grote, Teodorico il Grande, Теодорих Великий/Teodorikh Velikiy, among others; from FMG and Wikipedia (various languages)

---

From the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy page on Italy:

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ITALY,%20Kings%20to%20962.htm#Theod...

THEODORIC, son of THEODEMIR King of the Ostrogoths in Pannonia & his concubine Ereleuva --- ([451][262]-Ravenna 30 Aug 526).

Iordanes names "Theodericum" as son of Theodemir, in a later passage naming his mother "Erelieva concubina"[263]. Herimannus names "Theodericus, Theodmari filius, rex Ostrogothorum" when recording his arrival in Italy[264].

He was sent as a hostage to Constantinople at the age of 7 in [459/61], returning in [469/70] to assume control of the part of the kingdom formerly ruled by his uncle Valamir, under his father as overall king[265].

He left Pannonia with his father in [473], settling at Kyrrhos in Macedonia where his father named him as his successor in 474. However, by 476 Theodoric had moved back across the Danube and settled in lower Moesia in the city of Novae-Svištov.

While Emperor Zeno was planning to resettle his contingent in Dacia, Theodoric marched westwards to join his relative Sidimund at Durazzo[266]. He marched against Greece in 482 and forced Emperor Zeno to conclude a treaty under which Theodoric was named consul for 484 at Constantinople and given Dacia ripensis and parts of lower Moesia[267].

He acquired Roman citizenship to serve as consul, adopting the name FLAVIUS AMALUS THEODERICUS[268]. Procopius records that “duce Theoderico” was "patricius" and later was appointed to the "consularem" by Byzantium[269].

In 487, he began an offensive against Constantinople, but was bought off by rich presents brought by his half-sister Amalafrida. He led the Ostrogoths on the move again in 488 into Italy, where he put King Odovacar to flight in Aug 489. Theodoric captured Verona, then Milan and Pavia, establishing his capital in the latter[270]. King Odovacar counter-attacked, but was again defeated 11 Aug 490. He compromised with Theodoric in Feb 493, agreeing to joint rule over Italy, but Theodoric captured and personally killed Odovacar after entering Ravenna[271].

He was proclaimed THEODORIC "the Great" King of Italy[272] by the Gothic army in Mar 493, with his capital at Ravenna. He was recognised as ruler in the west by Emperor Anastasius at Constantinople in 498[273]. Relations with the Franks, cemented by King Theodoric's marriage in [492], deteriorated somewhat in [506] when the Franks persecuted the Alamanni who were under Theodoric's protection[274]. However, despite the close family ties with the Visigothic kingdom after his daughter's marriage with the Visigothic king, King Theodoric was unable or unwilling to provide the necessary military support for his son-in-law against the Franks at the battle of the Vouillé in 507[275].

King Theodoric acted nominally as regent in the kingdom of the Visigoths 507-526 during the minority of his grandson Amalric King of the Visigoths, but declared himself king of the Visigothic kingdom in 511, although he appointed his sword-bearer Teudis (who later succeeded as king of the Visigoths) as governor[276]. He annexed the Visigothic territory between the Alps and the Rhône to the kingdom of Italy, and re-established the Gallic prefecture at Arles in 510[277].

The Marii Episcopi Aventicensis Chronica records the death in 526 of "Theudoricus rex Gothorum in urbe Ravenna"[278]. He died from dysentery[279].

m ([492]) AUDOFLEDIS, daughter of CHILDERIC I King of the Franks & his wife Basina ---.

Gregory of Tours names Audofleda as the sister of King Clovis, recording that she married Theodoric King of Italy[280]. Iordanes records the marriage of Theodoric and "Lodoin Francorum regem filiam eius Audefledam" and names her brothers "Celdebertum et Heldebertum et Thiudebertum"[281], although this is presumably an incorrect reference to her nephews and great-nephew with similar names.

Concubine: ---.

Iordanes records that Theodoric's two daughters were born "ex concubina…in Moesia" before his marriage to Audofledis[282]. The name of the concubine of Theodoric is not known.

King Theodoric & his wife had one daughter:

1. AMALASUINTHA [Amalswinde] ([493]-murdered [30 Apr] 535).

Iordanes names "Amalasuentham" as daughter of Theodoric[283]. Gregory of Tours records that King Theodoric left his wife Audofleda "with a small daughter…Amalasuntha" when he died[284], although this appears misleading with regard to her age bearing in mind the chronology of events established in other sources. In a passage which appears to be a complete fabrication, Gregory records that Amalasuntha eloped with one of her slaves, Traguilla, who was later killed by her mother's emissaries who brought Amalasuntha back after "a good beating". Gregory then recounts that she murdered her mother by poisoning her communion chalice, but was herself killed by "Theudat King of Tuscany" whom the people had called to rule over them[285]. This story may have been Gregory's way of justifying King Theodebert's subsequent attack on Italy, the account of which follows in the succeeding paragraph. She was regent in Italy for her son in 526. Procopius records that “ex filia nepos Atalaricus” succeeded on the death of "Theoderico" under the rule of "Amalasuntha matre"[286]. She renounced the territory north of the River Durance in favour of the Burgundians in 530 in the name of her son[287]. On the death of her son in 534, she declared herself AMALASUINTHA Queen of Italy, appointing her cousin Theodahad as co-regent. Theodahad arrested her end-534 and imprisoned her on an island in Lake Bolsena, where "after spending a very few days in sorrow, she was strangled in the bath by his hirelings" according to Jordanes[288].

m (515) EUTHARICH [Eutarico], son of VETERIC & his wife --- (-[522/23]). Iordanes names "Eutharicum" as son of "Vetericus" and as husband of "Amalasuentham" and father of their two children[289]. The Chronicle of Cassiodorus records the marriage in 515 of "Theodericus filiam usam dominam Amalasuintam" and "gloriosi viri dn Eutharici"[290]. Eutharic was adopted by Emperor Justin in recognition of his father-in-law's decision to designate him as his successor after his marriage. He was given Roman citizenship and became first consul in 519 as FLAVIUS EUTHARICUS CILLIGA[291]. Wolfram estimates that Eutharich died in [522/23][292]. Jordanes specifies that Eutharich predeceased King Theodoric's nomination of his son Athalaric as his successor.

Eutharic & Amalasuintha had two children.

King Theodoric had two illegitimate daughters by his concubine:

2. THEODEGOTHA [Thiudigotho].

Iordanes names "unam…Thiudigoto et aliam Ostrogotho" as the two daughters of Theodoric born "ex concubina…in Moesia" before his marriage to Audofledis, specifying that they came to Italy and were married "unam Alarico Vesegotharum et aliam Sigismundo Burgundzonorum"[300]. Procopius records that “regi Visigothorum Alarico” married "Theoderici…Theudichusam virginem filiam"[301].

m ([494][302]) ALARIC II King of the Visigoths, son of EURIC King of the Visigoths & his wife --- (-killed in battle Poitiers 507).

3. OSTROGOTHO ([475/80]-before [520]).

Iordanes names "unam…Thiudigoto et aliam Ostrogotho" as the two daughters of Theodoric born "ex concubina…in Moesia" before his marriage to Audofledis, specifying that they came to Italy and were married "unam Alarico Vesegotharum et aliam Sigismundo Burgundzonorum"[303]. Her father arranged her marriage as part of his negotiations for an alliance with the Burgundians. According to Settipani[304], this marriage took place soon after Theoderic arrived in Italy. Wolfram suggests[305] that Theodoric's alliance with the Burgundians was settled in 496.

m ([494/96]) as his first wife, SIGISMUND of Burgundy, son of GONDEBAUD King of Burgundy & his wife Caratena (-murdered 523, bur Agaune). He succeeded his father in 516 as SIGISMUND King of Burgundy.

References:

[262] Wolfram, H. (1998) History Of The Goths (Berkeley, California), p. 262. [263] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, pp. 77 and 128. [264] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 482, MHG SS V, p. 84. [265] Wolfram (1998), p. 267. According to Settipani, C. and Kerrebrouck, P. van (1993) La préhistoire des Capétiens 481-987, 1ère partie, Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens (Villeneuve d'Ascq), p. 52, Theoderic returned in [475]. [266] Wolfram (1998), pp. 270-4. [267] Wolfram (1998), p. 277. [268] Wolfram (1998), pp. 277 and 286. [269] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.1, p. 7. [270] Wolfram (1998), p. 289. [271] Wolfram (1998), pp. 281-3. [272] His title was Flavius Theodericus rex, rather than rex Gothorum, see Wolfram (1998), p. 286. [273] Wolfram (1998), p. 284. [274] Wolfram (1998), p. 314. [275] Wolfram (1998), p. 309. [276] Wolfram (1998), p. 245. [277] Wolfram (1998), p. 309. [278] Marii Episcopi Aventicensis Chronica 526, MGH Auct. ant. XI, p. 235. [279] Wolfram (1998), p. 331. [280] Gregory of Tours III.31, p. 187. [281] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131. [282] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131. [283] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 77. [284] Gregory of Tours III.31, p. 187. [285] Gregory of Tours III.31, pp. 187-8. [286] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.2, p. 12. [287] Wolfram (1998), p. 312. [288] Jordanes, LIX, p. 51. [289] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 77 and 123. [290] Cassiodori Senatoris Chronica 515, MGH Auct. ant. XI, p. 159. [291] Wolfram (1998), p. 328. [292] Wolfram (1998), p. 521 footnote 490.. [300] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131. [301] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.12, p. 65. [302] Date estimated on the basis of the marriage taking place soon after King Theoderic came to Italy, which is suggested by Iordanes. [303] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 131. [304] Settipani (1993), p. 61, footnote 97. [305] Wolfram (1998), p. 311.

-------------------------------------------------------------

English Wikipedia page on Theodoric the Great:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great

(Italian Wikipedia page: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodorico_il_Grande )

Theodoric the Great (Gothic: Þiudareiks; Latin: Flāvius Theodericus; Greek: Θευδέριχος, (Theυ'ðerichos, [%CE%B8%C9%9Bu%CB%88%C3%B0%C9%9Brixos]); Old English: Þēodrīc; German: Theoderich der Große; Old Norse: Þjóðrekr, Þiðrek; 454 – August 30, 526), was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526),[1] ruler of Italy (493–526), regent of the Visigoths (511–526), and a viceroy of the Eastern Roman Empire.

His Gothic name "Þiuda reiks" translates into "people's king". He became a hero of Germanic legend.

Youth

The man who ruled under the name of Theodoric was born in 454 AD on the banks of the Neusiedler See near Carnuntum, a year after the Ostrogoths had thrown off nearly a century of domination by the Huns. The son of the King Theodemir and Erelieva, Theodoric went to Constantinople as a young boy, as a hostage to secure the Ostrogoths' compliance with a treaty Theodemir had concluded with the Byzantine Emperor Leo.

He lived at the court of Constantinople for many years and learned a great deal about Roman government and military tactics, which served him well when he became the Gothic ruler of a mixed but largely Romanized "barbarian people". Treated with favor by the Emperors Leo I and Zeno, he became magister militum (Master of Soldiers) in 483, and one year later he became consul. Afterwards, he returned to live among the Ostrogoths when he was 31 years old and became their king in 488.

Reign

Maximum extent of territories ruled by Theodoric, in 523.At the time, the Ostrogoths were settled in Byzantine territory as foederati (allies) of the Romans, but were becoming restless and increasingly difficult for Zeno to manage. Not long after Theodoric became king, the two men worked out an arrangement beneficial to both sides. The Ostrogoths needed a place to live, and Zeno was having serious problems with Odoacer, the King of Italy who had overthrown the Western Roman Empire in 476. Ostensibly a viceroy for Zeno, Odoacer was menacing Byzantine territory and not respecting the rights of Roman citizens in Italy. At Zeno's encouragement, Theodoric invaded Odoacer's kingdom.

Theodoric came with his army to Italy in 488, where he won the battles of Isonzo and Verona in 489 and at the Adda in 490. In 493 he took Ravenna. On February 2, 493, Theodoric and Odoacer signed a treaty that assured both parties would rule over Italy. A banquet was organised in order to celebrate this treaty. It was at this banquet that Theodoric, after making a toast, killed Odoacer with his own hands.

Like Odoacer, Theodoric was ostensibly only a viceroy for the emperor in Constantinople. In reality, he was able to avoid imperial supervision, and dealings between the emperor and Theodoric were as equals. Unlike Odoacer, however, Theodoric respected the agreement he had made and allowed Roman citizens within his kingdom to be subject to Roman law and the Roman judicial system. The Goths, meanwhile, lived under their own laws and customs. In 519, when a mob had burned down the synagogues of Ravenna, Theodoric ordered the town to rebuild them at its own expense.

Theodoric the Great sought alliances with, or hegemony over, the other Germanic kingdoms in the west. He allied with the Franks by his marriage to Audofleda, sister of Clovis I, and married his own female relatives to princes or kings of the Visigoths, Vandals and Burgundian. He stopped the Vandals from raiding his territories by threatening the weak Vandal king Thrasamund with invasion, and sent a guard of 5,000 troops with his sister Amalafrida when she married Thrasamund in 500. For much of his reign, Theodoric was the de facto king of the Visigoths as well, becoming regent for the infant Visigothic king, his grandson Amalric, following the defeat of Alaric II by the Franks under Clovis in 507. The Franks were able to wrest control of Aquitaine from the Visigoths, but otherwise Theodoric was able to defeat their incursions.

Thedoric's achievements began to unravel even before his death. He had married his daughter Amalasuntha to the Visigoth Eutharic, but Eutharic died in 522 or 523, so no lasting dynastic connection of Ostrogoths and Visigoths was established. In 522, the Catholic Burgundian king Sigismund killed his own son, Theodoric's grandson, Sergeric. Theodoric retaliated by invading the Burgundian kingdom and then annexing its southern part, probably in 523. The rest was ruled by Sigismund's Arian brother Godomar, under Gothic protection against the Franks who had captured Sigismund. This brought the territory ruled by Theodoric to its height (see map), but in 523 or 524 the new Catholic Vandal king Hilderic imprisoned Amalfrida and killed her Gothic guard. Theodoric was planning an expedition to restore his power over the Vandal kingdom when he died in 526.

Family and Issue

Theodoric was married once.

He had a concubine in Moesia, name unknown, and had two daughters:

1. Theodegotha (ca. 473 – ?). In 494, she was married to Alaric II as a part of her father's alliance with the Visigoths.

2. Ostrogotha or Arevagni (ca. 475 – ?). In 494 or 496, she was married to the king Sigismund of Burgundy as a part of her father's alliance with the Burgundians.

Married to Audofleda in 493 and had one daughter:

2a. Amalasuntha, Queen of the Goths. She was married to Eutharic and had two children: Athalaric and Matasuentha (the latter being married to Witiges first, then, after Witiges' death, married to Germanus Justinus, neither had children). Any hope for a reconciliation between the Goths and the Romans in the person of a Gotho-Roman Emperor from this family lineage was shattered.

After his death in Ravenna in 526, Theodoric was succeeded by his grandson Athalaric. Athalaric was at first represented by his mother Amalasuntha, who was a regent queen from 526 until 534. The kingdom of the Ostrogoths, however, began to wane and was conquered by Justinian I starting after the rebellion of 535 and finally ending in 553 with the Battle of Mons Lactarius.

Legend

Dietrich catches the dwarf Alfrich (1883), by Johannes Gehrts.Theodoric was included into epic poetry as Dietrich von Bern, who is depicted as the archetype of the wise and just ruler. The Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) noted that "the legendary history of Dietrich differs so widely from the life of Theodoric that it has been suggested that the two were originally unconnected." Anachronisms abound, for example in making Ermanaric (died 376) and Attila (died 453) contemporary with Theodoric (born 454). Bern is the Middle High German form of Verona, which was one of the historical Theodoric's residences.

Dietrich figures in a number of surviving works, and it must be assumed that these draw on long-standing oral tradition. He first appears in the Hildebrandslied and the Nibelungenlied, in neither of which is Dietrich a central character, and other epics, which were composed or written down after 1250. In Scandinavia he appears on the Rök Stone, carved in Sweden in the 800s, in Guðrúnarkviða II and III of the Poetic Edda and in Þiðrekssaga. He moreover appears in the Old English Waldere, Deor and Widsith poems.

The earliest evidence of the legend is provided by the heroic lay, the Hildebrandslied, recorded in around 820. In this, Hadubrand recounts the story of his father Hildebrand's flight eastwards in the company of Dietrich, to escape the enmity of Odoacer (this character would later become his uncle Ermanaric). Hildebrand reveals that he has lived in exile for 30 years. Hildebrand has an arm ring given to him by the (unnamed) King of the Huns, and is taken to be an "old Hun" by Hadubrand. The obliqueness of the references to the Dietrich legend, which is just the background to Hildebrand's story, indicates an audience thoroughly familiar with the material. In this work Dietrich's enemy is the historically correct Odoacer (though in fact Theodoric the Great was never exiled by Odoacer), indicating that the figure of Ermaneric belongs to a later development of the legend.

In the heroic epic the Nibelungenlied (c. 1200), Dietrich is living in exile at the court of Etzel (Attila), the Hunnish King. He fights on Etzel's side against the Burgundians, and his whole retinue apart from Hildebrand is slain. He ends the conflict by capturing Hagen and then Gunther in single combat.

The Norse saga deals with Dietrich's return home. The most familiar version is that by an Icelandic or Norwegian author writing in Norway in the 13th century, who compiled a consecutive account of Dietrich, with many additional episodes. This Norse prose version, known as the Þiðrekssaga (Thidrek's saga), incorporates much extraneous matter from the Nibelungen and Weyland legends.

The late Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg reinspected the Old Swedish version of the Thidreks saga for the historical information it supposedly contained, and firmly believed in its topographical accuracy. He theorized that these oldest of the "Dietrich" sources cannot refer to Theodoric the Great of the Goths, whose movements are moderately well known, mainly because of topographical contradictions. Ritter-Schaumburg proposed that their narration relates instead to a contemporary of the famous Goth, who bore the same name, rendered Didrik in Old Swedish. Moreover, he identified Berne as Bonn to which was ascribed, in the medieval age, an alternative (Latinized) name Verona of unknown origin. According to Ritter-Schaumburg, Dietrich lived as a Frankish petty king in Bonn.[2] This theory has found much opposition by other scholars.[3]

Another modern author, Rolf Badenhausen, starts from Ritter-Schaumburg's approach but ends up with a different result. He claims Berne, where Thidrek/Didrik started his rise, to be identical with Varne, south of Aachen, the Roman Verona cisalpina, in the district of the northern Rhine/Eiffel lands. Thidrek/Didrik could be identified with Theuderich son of Clovis I, a royal Frank mentioned with approval by Gregory of Tours and in Fredegar's royal Frankish chronicle.

In the Book of Bern (Buch von Bern) written in the late 13th century partly by Henry the Fowler, Dietrich tries to regain his empire with the help of the Huns.

In the collection of the Heldenbuch ("Book of Heroes"), Dietrich's story is related in Dietrichs Flucht ("Dietrich's Flight"), the Rabenschlacht ("The Battle of Ravenna") and Alpharts Tod ("Alphart's Death")

The legendary figure of Dietrich also appears in the 13th-century Rosengarten zu Worms ("Rosegarden at Worms"), the Epos of Biterolf, of Goldemar, of Ecke, Sigenot and Laurin.

An impressively researched, though fictionalized, version of Theodoric's career is presented in Raptor, a novel by Gary Jennings.

Notes

1.^ Grun, Bernard (1991) [1946]. The Timetable of History (New Third Revised Edition ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 30–31. ISBN 0-671-74271-X. 2.^ Heinz Ritter-Schaumburg: Dietrich von Bern. König zu Bonn. Herbig: Munich / Berlin 1982 3.^ See, for example, the critical review by Henry Kratz, in The German Quarterly 56/4 (November 1983), p. 636-638.

References

Peter Heather, 1996, "The Goths" (Blackwell, Oxford) O'Donnell, James J. 1979, Cassiodorus. (University of California Press) [1] Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911: "Dietrich of Bern" Rolf Badenhausen, "Merovingians by the Svava?": discussion based on the Skokloster Svava, Stockholm catalogued as Skokloster-Codex-I/115&116 quarto, E 9013. John Moorhead, 1992. Theoderic in Italy (Oxford: Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-814781-3. Theodoric the Great at MiddleAges.net Theodoric the Goth, 1897, by Thomas Hodgkin, from Project Gutenberg Theodoric the Great at the Catholic Encyclopedia FMG on Theodoric the Great, King of Italy

---------------------------

The following passages, from Jordanes, Gaetica [The Origin and Deeds of the Goths], translated by Charles C. Mierow (Princeton Univ. Press, 1915) describes the family relationships of King Theodoric.

(Ben M. Angel notes: Gaetica, about as close as you'll come to primary source material on Theodoric and the Ostrogoths, is available online at:

http://www.boudicca.de/jordanes4-e.htm ) https://archive.org/stream/gothichistoryofj00jorduoft/gothichistory...

The Origin and Deeds of the Goths

It was in the third year after his entrance into Italy, as we have said, that Theodoric, by advice of the Emperor Zeno, laid aside the garb of a private citizen and the dress of his race and assumed a costume with a royal mantle, as he had now become the ruler over both Goths and Romans. He sent an embassy to Lodoin, king of the Franks, and asked for his daughter Audefleda in marriage.

(296) Lodoin freely and gladly gave her, and also his sons Celdebert and Heldebert and Thiudebert, believing that by this alliance a league would be formed and that they would be associated with the race of the Goths. But that union was of no avail for peace and harmony, for they fought fiercely with each other again and again for the lands of the Goths; but never did the Goths yield to the Franks while Theodoric lived.

LVIII

(297) Now before he had a child from Audefleda, Theodoric had children of a concubine, daughters begotten in Moesia, one named Thiudigoto and another Ostrogotho. Soon after he came to Italy, he gave them in marriage to neighboring kings, one to Alaric, king of the Visigoths, and the other to Sigismund, king of the Burgundians.

(298) Now Alaric begat Amalaric. While his grandfather Theodoric cared for and protected him--for he had lost both parents in the years of childhood--he found that Eutharic, the son of Veteric, grandchild of Beremud and Thorismud, and a descendant of the race of the Amali, was living in Spain, a young man strong in wisdom and valor and health of body. Theodoric sent for him and gave him his daughter Amalasuentha in marriage.

(299) And that he might extend his family as much as possible, he sent his sister Amalafrida (the mother of Theodahad, who was afterwards king) to Africa as wife of Thrasamund, king of the Vandals, and her daughter Amalaberga, who was his own niece, he united with Herminefred, king of the Thuringians.

(300) Now he sent his Count Pitza, chosen from among the chief men of his kingdom, to hold the city of Sirmium. He got possession of it by driving out its king Thrasaric, son of Thraustila, and keeping his mother captive. Thence he came with 2,000 infantry and 500 horsemen to aid Mundo against Sabinian, Master of the Soldiery of Illyricum, who at that time had made ready to fight with Mundo near the city named Margoplanum, which lies between the Danube and Margus rivers, and destroyed the Army of Illyricum.

(301) For this Mundo, who traced his descent from the Attilani of old, had put to flight the tribe of the Gepidae and was roaming beyond the Danube in waste places where no man tilled the soil. He had gathered around him many outlaws and ruffians and robbers from all sides and had seized a tower called Herta, situated on the bank of the Danube. There he plundered his neighbors in wild license and made himself king over his vagabonds. Now Pitza came upon him when he was nearly reduced to desperation and was already thinking of surrender. So he rescued him from the hands of Sabinian and made him a grateful subject of his king Theodoric.

(302) Theodoric won an equally great victory over the Franks through his Count Ibba in Gaul, when more than thirty thousand Franks were slain in battle. Moreover, after the death of his son-in-law Alaric, Theodoric appointed Thiudis, his armor-bearer, guardian of his grandson Amalaric in Spain. But Amalaric was ensnared by the plots of the Franks in early youth and lost at once his kingdom and his life. Then his guardian Thiudis, advancing from the same kingdom, assailed the Franks and delivered the Spaniards from their disgraceful treachery. So long as he lived he kept the Visigoths united.

(303) After him Thiudigisclus obtained the kingdom and, ruling but a short time, met his death at the hands of his own followers. He was succeeded by Agil, who holds the kingdom to the present day. Athanagild has rebelled against him and is even now provoking the might of the Roman Empire. So Liberius the Patrician is on the way with an army to oppose him. Now there was not a tribe in the west that did not serve Theodoric while he lived, either in friendship or by conquest.

LIX

(304) When he had reached old age and knew that he should soon depart this life, he called together the Gothic counts and chieftains of his race and appointed Athalaric as king. He was a boy scarce 10 years old, the son of his daughter Amalasuentha, and he had lost his father Eutharic. As though uttering his last will and testament Theodoric adjured and commanded them to honor their king, to love the Senate and Roman People and to make sure of the peace and good will of the Emperor of the East, as next after God.

(305) They kept this command fully so long as Athalaric their king and his mother lived, and ruled in peace for almost eight years. But as the Franks put no confidence in the rule of a child and furthermore held him in contempt, and were also plotting war, he gave back to them those parts of Gaul which his father and grandfather had seized. He possessed all the rest in peace and quiet. Therefore when Athalaric was approaching the age of manhood, he entrusted to the Emperor of the East both his own youth and his mother's widowhood. But in a short time the ill-fated boy was carried off by an untimely death and departed from earthly affairs.

(306) His mother feared she might be despised by the Goths on account of the weakness of her sex. So after much thought she decided, for the sake of relationship, to summon her cousin Theodahad from Tuscany, where he led a retired life at home, and thus she established him on the throne. But he was unmindful of their kinship and, after a little time, had her taken from the palace at Ravenna to an island of the Bulsinian lake where he kept her in exile. After spending a very few days there in sorrow, she was strangled in the bath by his hirelings.

LX

(307) When Justinian, the Emperor of the East, heard this, he was aroused as if he had suffered personal injury in the death of his wards. Now at that time he had won a triumph over the Vandals in Africa, through his most faithful Patrician Belisarius. Without delay he sent his army under this leader against the Goths at the very time when his arms were yet dripping with the blood of the Vandals.

(308) This sagacious general believed he could not overcome the Gothic nation, unless he should first seize Sicily, their nursing-mother. Accordingly he did so. As soon as he entered Trinacria, the Goths, who were besieging the town of Syracuse, found that they were not succeeding and surrendered of their own accord to Belisarius, with their leader Sinderith. When the Roman general reached Sicily, Theodahad sought out Evermud, his son-in-law, and sent him with an army to guard the strait which lies between Campania and Sicily and sweeps from a bend of the Tyrrhenian Sea into the vast tide of the Adriatic.

(309) When Evermud arrived, he pitched his camp by the town of Rhegium. He soon saw that his side was the weaker. Coming over with a few close and faithful followers to the side of the victor and willingly casting himself at the feet of Belisarius, he decided to serve the rulers of the Roman Empire. When the army of the Goths perceived this, they distrusted Theodahad and clamored for his expulsion from the kingdom and for the appointment as king of their leader Vitiges, who had been his armor bearer.

(310) This was done; and presently Vitiges was raised to the office of king on the Barbarian Plains. He entered Rome and sent on to Ravenna the men most faithful to him to demand the death of Theodahad. They came and executed his command. After King Theodahad was slain, a messenger came from the king--for he was already king in the Barbarian Plains--to proclaim Vitiges to the people.

---

From the Spanish Wikipedia page on Teodorico el Grande:

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodorico_el_Grande

Teodorico el Grande (Dacia 454 - Ravena 526), también conocido como Teodorico el Amalo, rey de los ostrogodos (474-526). Hijo del caudillo ostrogodo Teodomiro, del linaje de los Amalos, fue enviado por su padre como rehén a la ciudad de Constantinopla (actual Estambul), siendo un niño (462). Allí recibió una educación basada en la cultura grecolatina. Sucedió en 474 a su padre como líder de los ostrogodos.

Fue nombrado patricio y magister militum por el augusto Zenón, emperador de Oriente. Éste le cedió en 488 el gobierno de Italia con la condición de vencer a Odoacro, rey de los hérulos que había depuesto a Rómulo Augústulo, último emperador romano de Occidente (476). Teodorico penetró en la península Itálica al frente de su pueblo, cuyo número se estima en unas cien mil personas, y consiguió ocupar Ravena, donde finalmente murió Odoacro (493).

Se proclamó rey de Italia (494), fijando su residencia en Ravena, y fue reconocido como rex Italiam por el augusto Anastasio, emperador de Oriente, en 497, a quien debía una teórica sumisión. Mantuvo las diferencias entre los ostrogodos, de religión arriana, que retuvieron el poder militar, y los romanos, católicos, que concentraron el poder civil, dentro de un difícil equilibrio. Teodorico se consideraba heredero del mundo romano y por ello respetó las instituciones imperiales rodeándose de consejeros latinos, como Boecio y Casiodoro.

Deseaba crear un imperio germánico de Occidente, heredero del romano, que englobase a francos, vándalos, visigodos y ostrogodos. Con este objetivo, realizó una hábil política de alianzas matrimoniales entre su familia y los reyes de los otros pueblos germánicos, que, si bien no llegaría a materializar su sueño, lo convirtió en el principal soberano occidental de su época.

En 511 intervino de forma decisiva en la resolución de la crisis de la monarquía visigoda, abierta a raíz de la muerte de Alarico II en la batalla de Vouillé (507), en la que fue derrotado por los francos. Depuso al usurpador Gesaleico y coronó a su nieto Amalarico, hijo de Alarico y de su hija Tindigota. Asumió el gobierno del reino visigodo como tutor de su nieto, a quien colocó bajo la protección de Teudis, uno de sus generales. La regencia se mantuvo hasta la muerte del monarca ostrogodo (526), cuando Amalarico pudo gobernar libremente a su pueblo.

Favoreció el desarrollo de la agricultura y del comercio. Hizo de Ravena, su capital, un destacado centro artístico y cultural fomentando el cultivo de las artes y las letras. Permitió la coexistencia del catolicismo y del arrianismo durante la mayor parte de su reinado, pero esta tolerancia finalizó en los últimos años de su vida, debido a los enfrentamientos con el Papado y con el Imperio Bizantino, que lo llevaron a encerrar y decapitar a su consejero Boecio (524) y a encarcelar al papa Juan I.

Dejó como sucesor a su nieto, hijo de su hija Amalasunta, falleciendo el 30 de agosto del 526. El estallido de una guerra civil permitió al emperador Justiniano convertir a Italia en una nueva provincia bizantina y dispersar a los ostrogodos, que desaparecieron como pueblo (555).

Teodorico era miembro de la estirpe de los Amalos como hijo de Teodomiro. En el año 462 fue capturado por los romanos y llevado a Constantinopla como prisionero donde se educó en los valores romanos, conociendo también las debilidades de la corte en un momento de crisis. Regresó a las tierras ostrogodas donde se convirtió en un potente líder, apoyando a Zenón como emperador de Constantinopla. Sin embargo, no recibió el apoyo imperial para su proyecto más importante: liberar las tierras italianas controladas por Odoacro, rey de los Hérulos. A pesar de carecer del permiso imperial, Teodorico se dirigió hacia la península Itálica para poner en marcha un plan de conquista que fue lento debido a la resistencia de Odoacro, quien se refugió en Ravena. Teodorico se dirigió a la ciudad y en el año 493 acababa controlándola y asesinando a Odoacro. De esa manera Teodorico y los ostrogodos se hacía dueños de Italia aunque apenas se produjeron cambios en las instituciones existentes, rodeándose de consejeros de origen romano e incluso permitiendo la coexistencia de la Iglesia romana, a pesar de profesar el arrianismo. Intentó armonizar las relaciones entre romanos y bárbaros, sin renunciar a las diferencias existentes entre ambas sociedades, tarea difícil que pudo sacar adelante. Su política exterior también es digna de mención ya que puso en marcha un amplio plan de alianzas -que incluían los enlaces matrimoniales- para convertirse en el líder hegemónico de los pueblos bárbaros. Especialmente intensas fueron las relaciones con los visigodos al convertirse Teodorico en tutor de Amalarico, quien sería el rey de España. En sus últimos años, Teodorico participó activamente en el conflicto religioso que vivía Oriente.

---

Pueblo ostrogodo, de Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre:

Reino ostrogodo en Italia. Los ostrogodos fueron un pueblo germánico procedente de la división que sufrieron los godos a raíz de las invasiones de los hunos, hacia el 370.

Los ostrogodos constituyeron un vasto reino al este del río Dniéster, en las tierras alrededor del mar Negro (lo que hoy es parte de la actual Ucrania y Bielorrusia). Los visigodos fueron los godos del occidente, cuyo dominio territorial se extendía desde el Dniéster hasta el Danubio.

Los ostrogodos estuvieron sometidos a los hunos desde 375, en que vencen al rey Hermanrico, hasta la muerte de Atila, ocurrida en 453, cuando recobraron su independencia y se establecieron como un pueblo federado de Roma. Posteriormente se les unieron otros godos que habían huido de sus tierras a la llegada de los hunos. En el 474 fue elegido rey Teodorico, el más conocido de los monarcas ostrogodos. Hubo varios períodos de guerras y treguas entre él y el emperador bizantino Zenón. En 488 Teodorico invadió Italia y en 493 derrotó y dio muerte en Adda a Odoacro, rey de los hérulos.

Tras su muerte en el 526, la situación se volvió tan violenta que en el 535 el emperador bizantino Justiniano I envió a su general Belisario en contra de los ejércitos ostrogodos en Italia. La superioridad del ejército bizantino fue la clave para el exterminio y el aplastamiento de la resistencia ostrogoda.

Este pueblo fue finalmente asimilado en forma gradual por otras tribus germánicas, tales como los vándalos y los francos.

---

From (Forrás / Source) Die Genealogie der Franken und Frankreichs, von Karl-Heinz Schreiber:

http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/_voelkerwanderung/t/theoderich...

Theoderich der Große

König der Ostgoten (471-526)

---------------------------

um 454

Pannonien

† 30.8.526

Ravenna

Einziger Sohn des Ostgoten-Königs Theodemirs aus dem Hause der AMALER und der Ereliva

---

Lexikon des Mittelalters: Band VIII Spalte 621

Theoderich der Große, König der Ostgoten

• 451(eher als 456), † 30. August 526

Der A MALER Theoderich wurde noch außerhalb des Römer-Reichs geboren. Sein Vater war Thiudimir, der mittlere von drei Brüdern (ältester: Valamir, Ostgoten-König in Pannonien 456/57 und 468/69; jüngster Vidimir). Theoderichs Mutter Ereleuva lebte mit ihrem Mann in nicht vollgültiger Ehe. Sie folgte ihrem Sohn nach Italien, wo sie als Königin galt und als Katholikin den Taufnamen Eusebia trug. Theoderich schloß seine erste vollgültige Ehe, die man kennt, wohl 493, mit der MEROWINGERIN Audofleda (Schwester Chlodwigs), von der er seine Erbtochter Amalasuintha (Amalasuntha) hatte. Aus (mindestens) einer älteren Verbindung gingen die 493 bereits heiratsfähigen Töchter Thiudigotho und Ostrogotho hervor, über deren Mutter (oder Mütter) nichts bekannt ist.

Theoderich lebte von etwa 459 bis gegen 469 als Geisel in Konstantinopel und erlernte hier zumindest die Grundregeln der schriftlichen antiken Verwaltungspraxis, so daß er sicher kein Analphabet war, wie später behauptet wurde. Als Theoderich spätestens 469 zu den pannonischen Ostgoten zurückkehrte, war sein Vater (nach dem Tode des Onkels Valamir) König geworden. Bereits um 470 unternahm Theoderich mit den Gotenkriegern des verstorbenen Onkels seinen ersten erfolgreichen Kriegszug, von dem an er sein Königtum datierte. In der zweiten Jahreshälfte 473 verließen die AMALER mit ihren Völkern Pannonien: Thiudimir und sein Sohn Theoderich zogen nach Makedonien, wo Theoderich dem 474 verstorbenen Vater als König nachfolgte. Bis 488 hatte sich Theoderich sowohl gegen den königlichen Konkurrenten Theoderich Strabo († 481) als auch gegen die kaiserliche Schaukelpolitik zu behaupten.

Theoderich wurde 481 Heermeister (Magister militum), trat am 1. Jan. 484 in Konstantinopel den Konsulat (consul) an (spätestens damals im Besitz des römischen Bürgerrechtes). Da er sich der kaiserlichen Macht auf die Dauer nicht gewachsen sah, schloß er mit Zenon 488 einen Vertrag, wonach er nach Italien ziehen und »nach der Besiegung Odoakers für seine Mühen an der Stelle des Kaisers, bis dieser dorthin komme, herrschen solle«. Nach jahrelangen Kämpfen, einer abermaligen Erhebung zum König 493 und der Ermordung Odoakers erhielt Theoderich 497 die kaiserliche Anerkennung, die seine Herrschaft in Italien (Italien A. I. 3) auf Dauer zu sichern schien. Aus gegebenem Anlaß versuchte Theoderich, sein italisch-gotisches Regnum gleichsam als Ebenbild des (übergeordneten) Kaiserreichs zu definieren. Kaiserlich war des Goten-Königs Herrschaft über die römische Bürokratie; doch blieb das Recht Konstantinopels gewahrt, Senatoren, Patrizier und die West-Konsuln - auf Vorschlag Ravennas - zu ernennen. Theoderich entschied über die Zugehörigkeit zum Senat, übte die Blutgerichtsbarkeit wie das Gnadenrecht über alle Bewohner Italiens aus und besaß die Hoheit in kirchlichen Angelegenheiten; eine Zuständigkeit, die über Theoderichs heermeisterliche Befugnisse wesentlich hinausging.

Da Theoderich den inneren Frieden Italiens sicherte, konnte er auch wie ein Kaiser wirtschaften. Dem allgemeinen Wohlergehen diente das Edictum Theoderici, welches das Kunststück fertigbrachte, das römische Kaiserrecht den gegebenen Umständen anzupassen, ohne in das Vorrecht der kaiserlichen Gesetzgebung einzugreifen. Der rasch erwirtschaftete Überschuß wurde für eine intensive, obgleich zumeist restaurative Bautätigkeit verwendet (Repräsentations- und Nutzbauten, etwa Wasserleitungen: Wiedererrichtung des trajanischen Aquädukts in Ravenna; Verteidigungsanlagen). Die herrliche Ausgestaltung der Königsstadt Ravenna ist diejenige Leistung der Epoche Theoderichs, die am ehesten das Prädikat schöpferisch verdient. Theoderichs Staat bestand aus der italischen Präfektur, einem römisch verwalteten Großraum von durchaus kaiserlicher Dimensionen, der die spätantike Staatlichkeit bruchlos fortsetzte. Seit jeher bestand die Gewohnheit, daß der Kaiser durch persönliche Beauftragte, comites (comes I. 1), in den bürokratischen Instanzenzug eingriff und ihn überwachte. Diese Möglichkeit baute Theoderich als 'comitiva Gothorum' aus. Der Inhaber eines solchen Auftrags besaß militärische, in Ausnahmefällen auch zivile Aufgaben und die damit verbundenen richterlichen Befugnisse. Unmittelbar in den Jahren nach 493 gelang Theoderich die gotische Ansiedlung in Italien, ohne größere Eingriffe in die herkömmlichen Besitzstruktur vornehmen zu müssen. Wahrscheinlich wurde kein Grund und Boden konfisziert, vielmehr dürfte die wirtschaftliche Grundausstattung des Gotenheeres aus Anteilen des regulären Steueraufkommens genommen worden sein.

Nach Niederlage und Tod seines Schwiegersohnes Alarich II. (507) wurde Theoderich bis 511 in einen mehrjährigen innergotische Krieg verwickelt, der mit dem Ergebnis endete, daß er auch König der Westgoten wurde. Im Jahre 515 verheiratete er den westgotischen AMALER Eutharich mit seiner Tochter Amalasuintha und designierte ihn zu seinem Nachfolger. Diese Ordnung umfaßte alle Elemente von Theoderichs eigenem Königtum, nämlich Zugehörigkeit zu den AMALERN, Designation durch den und bald auch die kaiserliche Bestätigung (518 durch den neuen Kaiser Justin I.). Theoderichs Erbfolgeordnung scheiterte aber bald; sein Schwiegersohn starb 522/523, und die römische Opposition nahm direkt mit dem Kaiser Verbindung auf. Die Antwort Ravennas war die unbarmherzige Verfolgung der römischen Senatoren, in deren Fall Boethius und sein Schwiegervater Symmachus verstrickt wurden. Als Theoderich am 30. August 526 - wie der Erzketzer Arius - an der Ruhr verschied, waren die meisten Katholiken von der Höllenfahrt des einst so gerechten Goten-Herrschers überzeugt.

Theoderichs gentile Politik vereinigte römische wie germanische Erfahrungen. Germanisch war die Heirats- und Bündnispolitik, mit der er Westgoten, Burgunder, Franken, Thüringer und Vandalen an sich zu binden und damit die Sicherheit Italiens zu gewährleisten suchte. Folgte Theoderich dem Vorbild kaiserlichen Barbarensieger, war er »Sieger und Triumphator«, »Verbreiter des römischen Namens« und »Beherrscher und Besieger der Barbarenvölker«, wie ihn die goldene Festmünze feierte, die er wahrscheinlich anläßlich seiner Dreißigjahrfeier prägen ließ. Tatsächlich gelang Theoderich die Wiedergewinnung römischer Provinzen sowohl westlich der Alpen als auch in Pannonien südlich der Drau. Anscheinend wollte Theoderich ein zweiter Konstantin sein, wie dies die Architektur des berühmten Mausoleums zu Ravenna verdeutlicht. Was die gentile Tradition betrifft, so suchte sie Theoderich im Sinne der amalischen Familie zu monopolisieren. Der Großteil der gotischen Bibelüberlieferung (Bibelübers., VIII) stammt aus dem Italien Theoderichs - Zur Sagenüberlieferung und literarischen Gestaltung Dietrich von Bern.

H. Wolfram

---

Thiele, Andreas: Tafel 220

"Erzählende genealogische Stammtafeln zur europäischen Geschichte Band III Europäische Kaiser-, Königs- und Fürstenhäuser Ergänzungsband"

THEODERICH "DER GROSSE"

• um 454, † 526

(der "Dietrich von Bern" der Sage)

461-472 Geisel in Byzanz; folgte 475 als König; führte jahrelang Kriegszüge im Balkanraum durch, rivalisiert dabei zuerst mit einem entfernten Cousin gleichen Namens, König Theoderich Strabo († 481) und steht 487 vor Byzanz, erzwingt damit die Verleihung des Patriziustitels und der Würde eines Magister militum per Illyricum; erhält die Provinz Moesien offiziell zugestanden (vgl. Rom Xa).

Er bekriegt seitdem König Odoaker von Italien: Schlacht am Isonzo 489, 490 Schlacht an der Adda, 491-493 Belagerung von Ravenna ("Rabenschlacht" der Sage); zwingt König Odoaker zu Verhandlungen und stößt ihn dabei eigenhändig nieder (siehe Rom IX a dazu), damit König von Italien, 497 von Byzanz anerkannt; beschert Italien letztmals für 1400 Jahre politische Einheit und Frieden, erobert Dalmatien, Norikum, Istrien und Raum Sirmium dazu und rettet die Westgoten vor den Franken und bewahrt den Westgoten Septimanien/Narbonne; besetzt zum besseren Schutz für Westgoten und Burgunder die Provennce und gibt den Alemannen, die vor dem Schwager geflohen waren 497 ff., in Rätien Land und Schutz (vgl. MerowingerI/Burgunder und Westgoten I) versucht durch Bündnisse und verwandtschaftliche Verbindungen, eine große Koalition aller Germanen-Reiche zu erreichen gegen Byzanz, was am fränkischen Schwager scheitert, der sich mit Byzanz verbündet; achtet auf strenge Trennung zwischen Goten und Italienern, denen er die Zivilverwaltung überläßt; bleibt mit dem Volk arianisch, wodurch die Ostgoten nie verwurzeln; gerät dabei auch gegen die Päpste, die sich auf Byzanz stützen; prominentestes Opfert seiner Verfolgungen wird sein ehemaliger Kanzler, der Philosoph A.M.S. Boethius ("De consolatione philosphiae", 524 hingerichtet), ein weiterer berühmter Berater Theoderichs wurde Cassiodor († um 580, Politiker, Historiker, katholischer Heiliger), zwingt 525 Papst Johannes I. zur Reise nach Byzanz, um die Rücknahme aller Maßnahmen gegen Arianer zu erreichen; läßt den Papst, der das nicht erreicht, 526 sogar einsperren und beginnt 525 Krrieg gegen die Vandalen wegen der Ermordung von Schwester und Schwager; gerät auch gegen die Westgoten (vgl. Westgoten II) und besetzt in burgundischen Thronwirren die nördliche Provence bis zur Isere (vgl. Burgunder) bindet die Heruler eng an sich, macht König Rodulf (herrscht etwa im Raum Mähren) zum "Waffensohn" (= Adoption)

1. oo N.N. †

2. oo 493 AUDOFLEDA DER FRANKEN †

Tochter des MEROWINGER Franken-Königs Childerich I.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Theoderich kam mit acht Jahren als Geisel nach Konstantinopel. Nach seiner Rückkehr erreichte er von Byzanz für sein Volk Siedlungsgebiet in Niedermösien. Um ihn als drohende Gefahr loszuwerden, schickte ihn der oströmische Kaiser Zeno 487 mit seinem Volk gegen Odoaker und übertrug ihm die Herrschaft Italiens. Nach zwei Siegen schloß er seinen Gegner in Ravenna in und ermordete ihn 493, nachdem er sich wenige Tage vorher mit ihm über eine gemeinsame Regierung geeinigt hatte. Seitdem herrschte er ziemlich unabhängig über ganz Italien, wenn er auch formal die Oberhoheit des oströmischen Kaisers anerkannte. Militärische Stellen besetzte er mit Goten, während er für die innere Verwaltung bedeutende Römer wie Boethius und Cassiodorus heranzog. Auch gab ihm der Senat einigen Einfluß, ohne jedoch dadurch die Sympathien der Römer zu gewinnen. Unter seiner Herrschaft herrschte Ruhe und Ordnung, Ostrom versuchte vergebens, seine Herrschaft zu erschüttern. Seit 507 beherrschte er auch als Vormund seines Enkels das Westgotenreich. Gegen Ende seines Lebens ließ er wegen geheimer Beziehungen zu Byzanz den Bischof von Rom gefangennehmen und Boethius und Symmachus hinrichten. Er wurde in dem noch erhaltenen Mausoleum in Ravenna beigesetzt.

493 oo Audafleda, Tochter des Franken-Königs Childerich I.

um 475 † nach 526

Kinder:

1. Amalaswintha (496, † 30.4.535)

Illegitim

1. Ostrogota †

oo Sigismund König von Burgund † 516

2. Theudigota †

oo Alarich II. König der Westgoten † 507

Literatur:

---

Browning Robert: Justinian und Theodora. Herrscher in Byzanz. Manfred Pawlak Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Herrsching 1988 Seite 16,22,27,31,34,37,64,106,112,121,124,128,150,156,165,174,181,189, 193,223 Dahn Felix: Die Völkerwanderung. Germanisch-Romanische Frühgeschichte Europas. Verlag Hans Kaiser Klagenfurt 1977 Seite 31,32,46,51,97,112,174,175,176,342,353,363,367,411 Ensslin Wilhelm: Theoderich der Große. F. Bruckmann KG München 1959 Geuenich, Dieter: Geschichte der Alemannen. Verlag W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart Berlin Köln 1997, Seite 83-87,89,157 Gregor von Tours: Fränkische Geschichte. Phaidon Verlag, Essen und Stuttgart 1988 Buch III Kapitel 5,31 Günther Rigobert: Römische Kaiserinnen. Zwischen Liebe, Macht und Religion. Militzke Verlag Leipzig 2003 Seite 95 Norwich John Julius: Byzanz. Der Aufstieg des oströmischen Reiches. Econ Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf und München 1993 Seite 203-207,209,219,249,253,278,286,299,460 Offergeld Thilo: Reges pueri. Das Königtum Minderjähriger im frühen Mittelalter. Hahnsche Buchhandlung Hannover 2001 Seite 1,73-83,86-90,95-97,104,128,134,135,137,138,139,185,295,824 Paulus Diakonus und die Geschichtsschreiber der Langobarden: Geschichte der Langobarden. Phaidon Verlag Kettwig 1992 Buch II Kapitel 27/Buch IV Kapitel 21 Riehl Hans: Die Völkerwanderung. Der längste Marsch der Weltgeschichte. W. Ludwig Verlag 1988 Seite 213,213,246,247,251,254,269,271, 278,295,301 Schreiber Hermann: Auf den Spuren der Goten. List Verlag München 1977 Seite 23,25, 86,211-214,216,217,218,219,220,220-223,224-230,240,241,243,245,260, 266,313 Schreiber Hermann: Die Hunnen. Attila probt den Weltuntergang. Econ Verlag Wien-Düsseldorf 1990 Seite 32, 221,236,285,320,325 Schreiber Hermann: Die Vandalen. Siegeszug und Untergang eines germanischen Volkes. Gondrom Verlag Bindlach 1993 Seite 11,101,159,167,201,211,218,232,235, 238,286,289,294,302,316,322,337 Schulze: Das Reich und die Deutschen. Hegemoniales Kaisertum. Ottonen und Salier. Siedler Verlag, Seite 69-71,99,328 Thiele, Andreas: Erzählende genealogische Stammtafeln zur europäischen Geschichte Band III Europäische Kaiser-, Königs- und Fürstenhäuser Ergänzungsband, R.G. Fischer Verlag 1994 Tafel 220

-----------------------------------------

A portion of the German Wikipedia entry:

Theoderich der Große

Theoderich, genannt der Große (Flavius Theodoricus Rex; * 451/56 in Pannonien; † 30. August 526 in Ravenna, Italien) war ein König der Ostgoten aus dem Geschlecht der Amaler. Theoderich, der als eine der bedeutendsten Persönlichkeiten der Völkerwanderungszeit gilt, fungierte auch zeitweise als Herrscher der Westgoten und herrschte nach seinem Sieg über Odoaker über Italien.

Sein Name im Gotischen lautet Þiuda-reiks, „des Volkes König“. Theoderich wird mit Dietrich von Bern in der Nibelungensage gleichgesetzt.

-----------------------------

Band XI (1996)Spalten 833-836 Autor: Georgios Fatouros

THEODERICH der Große, Ostgotenkönig (ca. 455 - 30. August 526). - Von den zahlreichen Quellen zur Biographie des T. seien hier als die bedeutendsten erwähnt: Das Geschichtswerk des Jordanes (ed. Th. Mommsen, Iordanes Romana et Getica [MGH, Auct.ant.V 1), Berlin 1882 (Nachdr. 1961), Cassiodors Variae (ed Th. Mommsen (MGH, Auct.ant.XII), Berlin 1894), sowie die Lobrede des Ennodius auf T. (ed. F. Vogel [MGH, Auct.ant.VII), Berlin 1885) und der Anonymus Valesii (ed. Th.Mommsen [MGH, Auct.ant.IX 1], Berlin 1892). - Geboren in Pannonien, unweit des Plattensees, war T. der jüngste von drei Söhnen des ostgotischen Gaukönigs Thiudimer und seiner Konkubine Ereleuva-Eusebia.

-------------------------------

Hungarian information on Theoderich:

Theoderich keleti gót király

Uralkodása 474 – 526

Született 454

Elhunyt 526. augusztus 30.

 Ravenna 

Elődje Theodemir

Utódja Athalarich

Gyermekei

-1. Amalsuintha (†535);

törvénytelenek:

-2. Ostrogota (∞ Sigismund [%E2%80%A0524]),

-3. Theudigota (∞ II. Alarich [%E2%80%A0507])

---

From (Forrás / Source) the Hungarian Wikipedia page on Nagy Theodorik:

http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagy_Theodorik

Nagy Theodorik (454. – 526. augusztus 30.), az osztrogótok királya (488-526), Itália vezetője (493-526) és a vizigótok kormányzója (511-526).

Élete [szerkeszt%C3%A9s]

A Kis-Balaton partján Valcum mellett született, egy évvel azután, hogy az osztrogótok megszabadultak a közel száz évig tartó hun uralomtól. Theodemir király fiaként Theodorikot gyermekkorában túszként Konstantinápolyba küldték, ezzel biztosítva a Theodemir és I. Leó bizánci császár által kötött béke feltételeinek betartását.

...

Családja [szerkeszt%C3%A9s]

Szülei Theodemir király és Erelieva voltak. Kétszer nősült. Első feleségének neve nem ismert, tőle két gyermek született: Arevagni és Theodegotho. A második felesége Audofleda volt, gyermekük Amalasuntha.

Theodorik halála után unokája, Athalarik lett az utódja. Athalarik helyett az anyja, Amalasuntha uralkodott 526 és 534 között.

---

Research on Theodoric:

http://www.northvegr.org/lore/jgoth/024.php

Theodoric was King of the Ostro-Goths in Italy, and King (511) of the Visigoths in Spain. "The dominion of Theodoric was not a barbarian but a civilized power. ...He was at once national king of the Goths, and successor, though without any imperial titles, of the Roman emperors of the West. The two nations, differing in manners, language and religion, lived side by side on the soil of Italy; each was ruled according to its own law, by the prince who was, in his two separate characters, the common sovereign of both." {-Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1956, 10:550; also see 22:59:}

"...the greatest ruler that the Gothic nation produced. ...The thirty-three years' reign of Theodoric was a time of unexampled happiness for Italy. Unbroken peace reigned within her borders...." Many physical and civic improvements were made. {See "Theodoric the Goth," Thomas Hodgkin, 1900, reprinted 1973.}

Events in the life of Theodoric "the Great" Amali

birth ABT 0454.

event

0488.·continued the Ostrogoth's westward migrating and invades Italy, killing Odoacer, the first barbarian ruler,||This continued migration was to stay ahead of the Huns who in 446 began conquering Pannonia.

† death [1],[2],[3]. 30 Aug 0526, in Italy.

---

BETWEEN 0475 AND 0488, in Moesia.

moved the Ostrogoths westwards from Pannonia and resettled

0461.·was, at age 7, offered to the Romans as a hostage of peace

|"From the Goths the Romans received as a hostage of peace Theodoric, the young child of Thiudimer, whom we have mentioned above. He had now attained the age of seven years and was entering upon his eighth. While his father hesitated about giving him up, his uncle Valamir besought him to do it, hoping that peace between the Romans and the Goths might thus be assured. Therefore Theodoric was given as a hostage by the Goths and brought to the city of Constantinople to the Emperor Leo and, being a goodly child, deservedly gained the imperial favor."

BETWEEN 0461 AND 0475.

lived a comfortable life in the court of Emperor Zeno of Byzantium||However, he had heard that his people, theOstrogoth's were facing pressures from the Huns and other tribes, and he asked that Zeno give him permission to return to his people and lead them to new territory. "Although the Emperor was grieved that he should go, yet when he heard this he granted what Theodoric asked, for he was unwilling to cause him sorrow. He sent him forth enriched by great gifts and commended to his charge the Senate and the Roman People."

0493.·assumed leadership of the Romans"It was in the third year after his entrance into Italy, as we have said, that Theodoric, by advice of the Emperor Zeno, laid aside the garb of a private citizen and the dress of his race and assumed a costume with a royal mantle, as he had now become the ruler over both Goths and Romans."

0497.·acknowledged as "King of Italy" by the Emperor Anastasius.

(Passage from Gaetica moved closer to top of this About Me passage to better highlight it.)

Panonnia-raised as a hostage in Constantinople, Eastern Roman Empire

---

Unattributed Spanish summary:

Rey de los Ostrogodos. Teodorico era miembro de la estirpe de los Amalos como hijo de Teodomiro. En el año 462 fue capturado por los romanos y llevado a Constantinopla como prisionero donde se educó en los valores romanos, conociendo también las debilidades de la corte en un momento de crisis. Regresó a las tierras ostrogodas donde se convirtió en un potente líder, apoyando a Zenón como emperador de Constantinopla. Sin embargo, no recibió el apoyo imperial para su proyecto más importante: liberar las tierras italianas controladas por Odoarco. A pesar de carecer del permiso imperial, Teodorico se dirigió hacia la península Itálica para poner en marcha un plan de conquista que fue lento debido a la resistencia de Odoacro, quien se refugió en Ravena. Teodorico se dirigió a la ciudad y en el año 493 acababa controlándola y asesinando a Odoacro. De esa manera Teodorico y los ostrogodos se hacían dueños de Italia aunque apenas se produjeron cambios en las instituciones existentes, rodeándose de consejeros de origen romano e incluso permitiendo la coexistencia de la Iglesia romana, a pesar de profesar el arrianismo. Intentó armonizar las relaciones entre romanos y bárbaros, sin renunciar a las diferencias existentes entre ambas sociedades, tarea difícil que pudo sacar adelante. Su política exterior también es digna de mención ya que puso en marcha un amplio plan de alianzas -que incluían los enlaces matrimoniales- para convertirse en el líder hegemónico de los pueblos bárbaros. Especialmente intensas fueron las relaciones con los visigodos al convertirse Teodorico en tutor de Amalarico, quien sería el rey de España. En sus últimos años, Teodorico participó activamente en el conflicto religioso que vivía Oriente.

---

According to "Bert's Geschiedenis Site":

http://www.bertsgeschiedenissite.nl/ijzertijd/eeuw4ac/ostrogoten.htm

Theoderik (Theodorik, Theoderic,, Thiudareiks) de Grote (471-526)

Na de dood van zijn vader Theodemir (474) werd Theoderik koning van de Ostrogoten.

Theoderik werd omstreeks 455 in Pannonia (het huidige Hongarije) geboren en stierf in 526 in Ravenna en werd dus circa 73 jaar. Van 462 tot 471 had hij als gijzelaar geleefd aan het Byzantijnse hof, waar hij de gelegenheid kreeg de cultuur en de staatsorganisatie te leren kennen. Daarna nam hij deel aan de oorlogen waarin zijn vader verwikkeld was. Hij voerde zijn volk in een verbintenis met de Oostromeinen aan de Beneden-Donau. Na de dood van zijn vader werd hij in 471 koning van de Ostrogoten in Pannonië. Hij voerde zijn volk in een verbintenis met de Oost-Romeinen aan de Beneden-Donau.

In 488 werd hij door de Oostromeinse keizer Zeno aangesteld als Magister Militium voor Illyria. In opdracht van Zeno hield hij met zijn gehele volk een veldtocht naar Italië om de "tiran" Odoacer (Odovacar) ten val te brengen. Hij trok de oostelijke Alpen over.

Nadat hij de Gepiden (489) had onderworpen, stond nog hetzelfde jaar op Italiaanse bodem. Odoacer trok hem tegemoet, maar werd verscheidene malen verslagen. In het moeilijk toegankelijke Ravenna hield hij bijna drie jaar stand.

Tenslotte beging Odoacer een enorme misslag door Theoderik in het belegerde Ravenna tijdens een opschorting van de vijandelijkheden toe te laten. De twee tegenstanders kwamen overeen om samen Italië te regeren. Daarop doodde Theoderik Odoacer met zijn eigen hand en zijn volgelingen vermoordden het merendeel van de krijgers van de vermoorde koning (492). Met deze onwaardige daad begon Theoderik een lange, verlichte regering, die wegens haar pogingen om het Romeinse levenspatroon te herstellen wel de eerste Renaissance mag worden genoemd.

In English:

Theoderik (Theodoric, Theoderic,, Thiudareiks) the Great (471-526)

After the death of his father, Theodemir (474), Theoderik became King of the Ostrogoths.

Theoderik was born about 455 in Pannonia (present Hungary) and died in 526 in Ravenna, and therefore lived approximately 73 years. From 462-471, he lived as a hostage in the Byzantine Court, where he was educated in culture and statesmanship. He then took part in the wars in which his father was engaged. After the death of his father in (474), he became King of the Ostrogoths in Pannonia. He committed his people to the suzerainty of the Eastern Romans on the Lower Danube.

In 488, he was appointed by the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno to serve as Magister Militum for Illyria (present Croatia). On behalf of Zeno, he carried out a campaign in Italy to overthrow the "tyrant" Odoacer (Odovacar), who withdrew to the eastern Alps. After the Gepids (Sciri Goths) submitted (489), Odoacer continued to fight several battles on Italian soil, but each time was defeated. Ravenna was besieged for a period of nearly three years.

Finally, Odoacer committed a huge blunder by suspending hostilities during the siege of Ravenna. The two adversaries met and agreed to work together in governing Italy. During the meeting, Theoderik killed Odoacer with his own hands and his followers killed most of the warriors under the murdered king (492). This shameful act was foolowed by a long and enlightened government that restored the Roman pattern of life, and may well be called Italy's first Renaissance.

---

No longer a functioning link:

http://familytrees.genopro.com/318186/jarleslekt/default.htm?page=t...

---

From the Find A Grave memorial for Theodoric the Great:

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8122616

Theodoric the Great Birth: 454 Death: Aug. 26, 526

King of the Ostrogoths. Probably an illegitimate son of Theodomir of the royal Amal line of the Ostrogoths.

When the Ostrogoths sought to become a client kingdom of Rome the resultant treaty sent Theodoric to Constantinople as a royal hostage at the age of eight. At 18, he was sent home as an encouragement for his father to suppress an uprising led by Theodoric Strabo which threatened Roman power. Theodoric was given his own command and gained a victory over Strabo and was elevated to the joint kingship in 471 as a reward.

By 475 his father was dead, leaving the throne to Theodoric. He continued to campaign against Strabo to protect his throne, however. When Strabo died in 481, Theodoric received the titles of patricius and magister militum and in 484 was appointed a Roman consul by the emperor who then sent him to lead a campaign against the usurper Odoacer in Italy in order to regain it for the empire.

Theodoric crossed into Italy in 488, winning the battles at the Isonzo and Milan in 489, and at the Adda in 490; he besieged and took Ravenna in 493. At last, Odoacer consented to a treaty by which he was to share his authority with Theodoric. Invited to a banquet, Odoacer, his son, and chief officers were summarily murdered and Theodoric made himself master of Italy claiming to be its viceregent.

He respected Roman institutions, preserved Roman laws, and appointed Romans to civil offices; he improved the harbors, and repaired the roads and public buildings while settling Goths throughout Italy.

Despite intermittent warfare with the Franks between 506 and 523, his reign was considered something of a golden age. In 507, he became king of all the Goths, uniting Spain and Italy under one rule. Apparently conspiracy against him in favor of a return to direct imperial rule began to grow as he entered old age, and the union of Goths and Romans he created began to fail.

He died in 526, naming his grandson Athalaric as his heir and his daughter Amalasuintha as regent. Barely a decade passed before Italy fell to Byzantine forces under Justinian. (bio by: Iola)

Burial: Santa Maria Rotonda Ravenna Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy

Maintained by: Find A Grave Originally Created by: Mongoose Record added: Nov 23, 2003 Find A Grave Memorial# 8122616

-----------------------------

Källa:

http://www.ghg.net/shetler/oldimp/017.html

Anmärkning:

Theoderik den store, kung av ostrogoterna

Född: c454

Död: 526

Far: Theodemir, kung av ostrogoterna

Mor: Erelieva

Gift (1): namn okänt

Barn:

Arevagni

Theodegotho

Gift (2): Audofleda

Barn:

Amalasuntha

King of ostrogoterna 474-526

Från åldrarna 7 till 17 var han en bysantinsk fånge, men återvände till sin faders rike efter och blev kung 474 vid hans faders död. Mellan 474 och 488, Theoderik och östra romerska kejsaren Zeno kämpade varandra. I 488 Theoderik allierade sig samtidigt med Zenon, invaderade Italien (då enligt germansk kung Odovakar), som togs i tre slag. Odovakar avstå 493, och blev dödad av Theoderik. Medan Theoderik var Arian, tolereras han alla sekter av kristendomen. Theoderik efterträddes på denna död i 526 av hans dotter Amalasuntha som förmyndare för sin son Athalaric.

---

d. 533 or 534

Merovingian king of Reims from 511. Theodoric was the eldest son of Clovis I, but born of an unknown woman, unlike the other sons, whose mother was Clotilda. An able soldier, he played an important part in his father's campaigns against the Visigoths. On Clovis' death in 511 a fourfold division of his kingdom took place, each of his sons receiving some territories north of the Loire River and some to its south. No doubt, as the most experienced of the four, Theodoric received those northern lands (the future Austrasia) most exposed to attack; their axis was the Rhine. In the 520s Theodoric gained a share of his brother Clodomir's kingdom when the dead king's sons were murdered by Theodoric's two other half-brothers, Childebert and Chlotar. Theodoric campaigned with Clodomir against the Burgundians in 524 and with Chlotar against the Visigoths in 532. His greatest success lay in the subjection of the Thuringians,achieved with the help of Chlotar c. 531. It was perhaps now that the Saxons were temporarily also reduced to dependence. As violent and unscrupulous as most of the other Merovingian rulers, Theodoric was arguably the most vigorous and effective of Clovis' sons. He was succeeded by his son, Theodebert I.

Copyright c 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

---

Theodoric was King of the Ostro-Goths in Italy, and King (511) of the Visigoths in Spain. "The dominion of Theodoric was not a barbarian but a civilized power. ...He was at once national king of the Goths, and successor, though without any imperial titles, of the Roman emperors of the West. The two nations, differing in manners, language and religion, lived side by side on the soil of Italy; each was ruled according to its own law, by the prince who was, in his two separate characters, the common sovereign of both." {-Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1956, 10:550; also see 22:59:} "...the greatest ruler that the Gothic nation produced. ...The thirty-three years' reign of Theodoric was a time of unexampled happiness for Italy. Unbroken peace reigned within her borders...." Many physical and civic improvements were made. {See "Theodoric the Goth," Thomas Hodgkin,1900, reprinted 1973.}

Events in the life of Theodoric "the Great" Amali

birth ABT 0454.

event 0488.·continued the Ostrogoth's westward migrating and invades Italy, killing Odoacer, the first barbarian ruler,||This continued migration was to stay ahead of the Huns who in 446 began conquering Pannonia.

† death 1 , 2 , 3 . 30 Aug 0526, in Italy.

event BETWEEN 0475 AND 0488, in Moesia.moved the Ostrogoths westwards from Pannonia and resettled event 1 .

0461: was, at age seven, offered to the Romans as a hostage of peace||"From the Goths the Romans received as a hostage of peace Theodoric, the young child of Thiudimer, whom we have mentioned above. He had now attained the age of seven years and was entering upon his eighth. While his father hesitated about giving him up, his uncle Valamir besought him to do it, hoping that peace between the Romans and the Goths might thus be assured. Therefore Theodoric was given as a hostage by the Goths and brought to the city of Constantinople to the Emperor Leo and, being a goodly child, deservedly gained the imperial favor."

BETWEEN 0461 AND 0475: lived a comfortable life in the court of Emperor Zeno of Byzantium||However, he had heard that his people, theOstrogoth's were facing pressures from the Huns and other tribes, and he asked that Zeno give him permission to return to his people and lead them to new territory. "Although the Emperor was grieved that he should go, yet when he heard this he granted what Theodoric asked, for he was unwilling to cause him sorrow. He sent him forth enriched by great gifts and commended to his charge the Senate and the Roman People."

0493: assumed leadership of the Romans"It was in the third year after his entrance into Italy, as we have said, that Theodoric, by advice of the Emperor Zeno, laid aside the garb of a private citizen and the dress of his race and assumed a costume with a royal mantle, as he had now become the ruler over both Goths and Romans."

0497: acknowledged as "King of Italy" by the Emperor Anastasius.

---

The following passages, from Jordanes, Gaetica [The Origin and Deeds of the Goths], translated by Charles C. Mierow (Princeton Univ. Press, 1915) describes the family relationships of King Theodoric.

The Origin and Deeds of the Goths

It was in the third year after his entrance into Italy, as we have said, that Theodoric, by advice of the Emperor Zeno, laid aside the garb of a private citizen and the dress of his race and assumed a costume with a royal mantle, as he had now become the ruler over both Goths and Romans. He sent an embassy to Lodoin, king of the Franks, and asked for his daughter Audefleda in marriage. (296) Lodoin freely and gladly gave her, and also his sons Celdebert and Heldebert and Thiudebert, believing that by this alliance a league would be formed and that they would be associated with the race of the Goths. But that union was of no avail for peace and harmony, for they fought fiercely with each other again and again for the lands of the Goths; but never did the Goths yield to the Franks while Theodoric lived.

LVIII

(297) Now before he had a child from Audefleda, Theodoric had children of a concubine, daughters begotten in Moesia, one named Thiudigoto and another Ostrogotho. Soon after he came to Italy, he gave them in marriage to neighboring kings, one to Alaric, king of the Visigoths, and the other to Sigismund, king of the Burgundians. (298) Now Alaric begat Amalaric. While his grandfather Theodoric cared for and protected him--for he had lost both parents in the years of childhood--he found that Eutharic, the son of Veteric, grandchild of Beremud and Thorismud, and a descendant of the race of the Amali, was living in Spain, a young man strong in wisdom and valor and health of body.

Theodoric sent for him and gave him his daughter Amalasuentha in marriage. (299) And that he might extend his family as much as possible, he sent his sister Amalafrida (the mother of Theodahad, who was afterwards king) to Africa as wife of Thrasamund, king of the Vandals, and her daughter Amalaberga, who was his own niece, he united with Herminefred, king of the Thuringians.

(300) Now he sent his Count Pitza, chosen from among the chief men of his kingdom, to hold the city of Sirmium. He got possession of it by driving out its king Thrasaric, son of Thraustila, and keeping his mother captive. Thence he came with two thousand infantry and five hundred horsemen to aid Mundo against Sabinian, Master of the Soldiery of Illyricum, who at that time had made ready to fight with Mundo near the city named Margoplanum, which lies between the Danube and Margus rivers, and destroyed the Army of Illyricum. (301) For this Mundo, who traced his descent from the Attilani of old, had put to flight the tribe of the Gepidae and was roaming beyond the Danube in waste places where no man tilled the soil. He had gathered around him many outlaws and ruffians and robbers from all sides and had seized a tower called Herta, situated on the bank of the Danube. There he plundered his neighbors in wild license and made himself king over his vagabonds. Now Pitza came upon him when he was nearly reduced to desperation and was already thinking of surrender. So he rescued him from the hands of Sabinian and made him a grateful subject of his king Theodoric.

(302) Theodoric won an equally great victory over the Franks through his Count Ibba in Gaul, when more than thirty thousand Franks were slain in battle. Moreover, after the death of his son-in-law Alaric, Theodoric appointed Thiudis, his armor-bearer, guardian of his grandson Amalaric in Spain. But Amalaric was ensnared by the plots of the Franks in early youth and lost at once his kingdom and his life.

Then his guardian Thiudis, advancing from the same kingdom, assailed the Franks and delivered the Spaniards from their disgraceful treachery. So long as he lived he kept the Visigoths united. (303) After him Thiudigisclus obtained the kingdom and, ruling but a short time, met his death at the hands of his own followers. He was succeeded by Agil, who holds the kingdom to the present day. Athanagild has rebelled against him and is even now provoking the might of the Roman Empire. So Liberius the Patrician is on the way with an army to oppose him. Now there was not a tribe in the west that did not serve Theodoric while he lived, either in friendship or by conquest.

LIX

(304) When he had reached old age and knew that he should soon depart this life, he called together the Gothic counts and chieftains of his race and appointed Athalaric as king. He was a boy scarce ten years old, the son of his daughter Amalasuentha, and he had lost his father Eutharic. As though uttering his last will and testament Theodoric adjured and commanded them to honor their king, to love the Senate and Roman People and to make sure of the peace and good will of the Emperor of the East, as next after God.

(305) They kept this command fully so long as Athalaric their king and his mother lived, and ruled in peace for almost eight years. But as the Franks put no confidence in the rule of a child and furthermore held him in contempt, and were also plotting war, he gave back to them those parts of Gaul which his father and grandfather had seized. He possessed all the rest in peace and quiet. Therefore when Athalaric was approaching the age of manhood, he entrusted to the Emperor of the East both his own youth and his mother's widowhood. But in a short time the ill-fated boy was carried off by an untimely death and departed from earthly affairs. (306) His mother feared she might be despised by the Goths on account of the weakness of her sex. So after much thought she decided, for the sake of relationship, to summon her cousin Theodahad from Tuscany, where he led a retired life at home, and thus she established him on the throne.

But he was unmindful of their kinship and, after a little time, had her taken from the palace at Ravenna to an island of the Bulsinian lake where he kept her in exile. After spending a very few days there in sorrow, she was strangled in the bath by his hirelings.

LX

(307) When Justinian, the Emperor of the East, heard this, he was aroused as if he had suffered personal injury in the death of his wards. Now at that time he had won a triumph over the Vandals in Africa, through his most faithful Patrician Belisarius. Without delay he sent his army under this leader against the Goths at the very time when his arms were yet dripping with the blood of the Vandals. (308)

This sagacious general believed he could not overcome the Gothic nation, unless he should first seize Sicily, their nursing-mother. Accordingly he did so. As soon as he entered Trinacria, the Goths, who were besieging the town of Syracuse, found that they were not succeeding and surrendered of their own accord to Belisarius, with their leader Sinderith. When the Roman general reached Sicily, Theodahad sought out Evermud, his son-in-law, and sent him with an army to guard the strait which lies between Campania and Sicily and sweeps from a bend of the Tyrrhenian Sea into the vast tide of the Adriatic.

(309) When Evermud arrived, he pitched his camp by the town of Rhegium. He soon saw that his side was the weaker. Coming over with a few close and faithful followers to the side of the victor and willingly casting himself at the feet of Belisarius, he decided to serve the rulers of the Roman Empire. When the army of the Goths perceived this, they distrusted Theodahad and clamored for his expulsion from the kingdom and for the appointment as king of their leader Vitiges, who had been his armor bearer. (310)

This was done; and presently Vitiges was raised to the office of king on the Barbarian Plains. He entered Rome and sent on to Ravenna the men most faithful to him to demand the death of Theodahad. They came and executed his command. After King Theodahad was slain, a messenger came from the king--for he was already king in the Barbarian Plains--to proclaim Vitiges to the people.

---

born in Pannonia - raised as a hostage in Constantinople, Eastern Roma.

According to 6th century Gothic historian Jordanes, Goths originated in Scandinavia. In 4th cent, B.C.E. they were living along the shores of the Black Sea, and by the end of the 2nd cent C.E. they had migrated to the Danube. About 375 C.E. the

Huns destroyed the Gothic settlements along the Black Sea and many of the Goths fled to territories controlled by the Romans. In 378 C.E. Goths killed the Roman Emperor Valens in a battle near the city of Adrianople, Turkey. At about 400 C.E.

Alaric united the Goths in a group called the Visigoths. They marched west and established kingdoms in Spain and Gaul. In 507 the Franks conquered the Goths in Gaul. Visigoths rule in Spain lasted until 711.

After the death of Attila, the leader of the Huns, in 453, the eastern Goths united and were called the Ostragoths. They settled in the area south of Vienna, Austria and coexisted with the Roman Byzantine empire. Theodoric was sent to Constantinople where he received a Roman education and became a favorite at court. He became king of the Ostragoths in 471 and decided to carve out a kingdom in Italy which was then ruled by the barbarian, Odoacer.

He led about 100,000 (including 75,000 non-combatants) into Italy and fought Odoacer's forces from 488 to 493. He convinced Odoacer to accept joint rule and then murdered him at the celebratory banquet. Thus he became sole ruler with his capitol at Ravenna. His 33 year reign was characterized by peace, prosperity and tolerance. He maintained most of the old Roman laws and appointed Romans to civil offices. He recognized the authority of the Emperor in Constantinople. He left an architectural legacy, constructing public buildings and repairing roads. Several of his structures remain standing in Ravenna today, including the church of Sant' Apollinare Nuova, an Arian baptistry, and his mausoleum.

Built to withstand eternity, his mausoleum resembles no other building in the Roman-Byzantine world. The tomb's domed roof is 36 feet in diameter, weighs about 300 tons and is carved from a single block of marble that was carved on the Istria peninsula in modern Croatia. They do not know how the roof was cut, transported and hoisted into place. The purpose was apparently to discourage vandalism. The roof locks the Lower blocks into place so that would-be vandals would bring the structure down on their head if they tampered with it.

To increase the stony security, Theodoric included another protective feature which was a system of interlocking masonry joints. The tomb's walls seem to consist of regular ashlars of squared masonry blocks but in fact many of them are not of standard size and therefore are not interchangeable. The ashlars have joints or protrusions that neatly interlock with the adjacent stones. These irregular, interlocking joints make it extremely difficult, if not impossible to dismantle the structure. This fitted stonework makes the building like a Chinese puzzle. One particular piece must be removed before the subsequent pieces are chosen and unless the correct piece is chosen, the whole structure remains intact, a solid interlocked mass.

Excerpts from "The Mystery of Theodoric's Tomb Solved" by Harry Rand,

Archaeology Odyssey, Nov-Dec 2003, p 47-53, 57-58. Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on Page: Theodoric

---

Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae1,2,3

b. circa 454, d. 30 August 526

Father Thiudimir, pietas4,5,6,3 b. circa 413, d. 471

Mother Ereleuva , a concubine5,6,3 b. circa 423

    "He sent an embassy to Lodoin, king of the Franks, and asked for his daughter Audefleda in marriage. Lodoin freely and gladly gave her, and also his sons Celdebert and Heldebert and Thiudebert, believing that by this alliance a league would be formed and that they would be associated with the race of the Goths." Sapientia.3 Also called Theoderic l' Amale French.7 Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae was born circa 454. He was the son of Thiudimir, pietas and Ereleuva , a concubine.4,5,6,3 Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae was was, at age seven, offered to the Romans as a hostage of peace in 461. "From the Goths the Romans received as a hostage of peace Theodoric, the young child of Thiudimer, whom we have mentioned above. He had now attained the age of seven years and was entering upon his eighth. While his father hesitated about giving him up, his uncle Valamir besought him to do it, hoping that peace between the Romans and the Goths might thus be assured. Therefore Theodoric was given as a hostage by the Goths and brought to the city of Constantinople to the Emperor Leo and, being a goodly child, deservedly gained the imperial favor."1 He was lived a comfortable life in the court of Emperor Zeno of Byzantium between 461 and 475. However, he had heard that his people, the Ostrogoth's were facing pressures from the Huns and other tribes, and he asked that Zeno give him permission to return to his people and lead them to new territory. "Although the Emperor was grieved that he should go, yet when he heard this he granted what Theodoric asked, for he was unwilling to cause him sorrow. He sent him forth enriched by great gifts and commended to his charge the Senate and the Roman People."1 He associated with N. N. of Moesia between 474 and 488; Concubine.5,8 Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae was moved the Ostrogoths westwards from Pannonia and resettled between 475 and 488 at Moesia. He was Consul in 484. He was continued the Ostrogoth's westward migrating and invades Italy, killing Odoacer, the first barbarian ruler, in 488. This continued migration was to stay ahead of the Huns who in 446 began conquering Pannonia. He married Audofledis des Francs Saliens, daughter of Childericus I, rex Francorum and Basena, Frankenkönigin, circa 492; (His 2nd.).9,10,11,3,12 "Et quia Theudericus rex Italiae sororem Chlodovei in matrimonium habuit, ex qua parvulam filiam cum uxore reliquit, cum mater ei regis filium sociandum provideret, a servo, nomine Tranquillane , accipitur."12 Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae was assumed leadership of the Romans"It was in the third year after his entrance into Italy, as we have said, that Theodoric, by advice of the Emperor Zeno, laid aside the garb of a private citizen and the dress of his race and assumed a costume with a royal mantle, as he had now become the ruler over both Goths and Romans." In 493.1 He was a witness where King Rodulf of the Herulians elected to "son of arms" by Theoderic the Great after 493.13 King of the Ostrogoths at Italy between 493 and 526.14,7 King of Italy in 497. Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae was acknowledged as "King of Italy" by the Emperor Anastasius. In 497. He associated with Theodora (?) before 505; Concubine. Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae was a witness where Chlodoveus I, rex Francorum, vir inluster took possession of the Visigoth Kingdom as far as the Pyrenees and the Rhone River after 507.15 Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae was a witness where Athalaric, King of the Ostrogoths appointed king by his grandfather in 526.1 Theudericus Magnus, rex Italiae died on 30 August 526 at Italy.9,16,17

Family 1

N. N. of Moesia b. circa 463

Children

Ostrogotho Areagni+ b. b 475, d. c 5205,6,18

Thiudigotho+ b. c 476, d. 5243,19

Family 2

Audofledis des Francs Saliens b. circa 469, d. 30 April 535

Child

Amalasuintha+ b. a 494, d. 5355,6,4

Family 3

Theodora (?) b. circa 480

Child

Theodora+ b. c 50520

Citations

[S228] Jordanes, Jordanes' Getica. [S253] Peter Heather, Heather, P.. [S713] Herwig Wolfram, Wolfram, 1997, pg. 24, figure 2. [S228] Jordanes, Jordanes' Getica, XIV-80. [S269] C. W. Previté-Orton sCMH I, pg. 132, genealogy table 4.. [S422] Thomas S. Burns, History of the Ostrogoths, pg. 96-97. [S176] Christian Settipani & Patrick van Kerrebrouck, Capetiens 481-987, pg. 61. [S713] Herwig Wolfram, Wolfram, 1997, pg. 24, figure 2 (1st, concubine). [S175] Christian Settipani, AdC. [S176] Christian Settipani & Patrick van Kerrebrouck, Capetiens 481-987, pg. 52. [S422] Thomas S. Burns, History of the Ostrogoths, pg. 96-97 - ca. 495. [S1196] Historia Francorum, online http://hbar.phys.msu.su/gorm/chrons/georflor.htm, XLIV. [S714] Barbarian List, online http://hem.passagen.se/rursus/barbar.html [S261] Regnal Chronologies, online http://www.hostkingdom.net/regindex.html [S246] Transcribed by Joseph P. Thomas The Catholic Encyclopedia. [S176] Christian Settipani & Patrick van Kerrebrouck, Capetiens 481-987, pg. 53. [S713] Herwig Wolfram, Wolfram, 1997, pg. 24, figure 2 ("526"). [S713] Herwig Wolfram, Wolfram, 1997, pg. 24-25, figure 2. [S75] Herwig Wolfram, Wolfram, 1979, pg. 203. [S235] Paternal Ancestry of H. B. James, online, I Copyright (c) Homer Beers James 1996 - In web form by P. McBride (mailto:e-mail address).

---

Hijo del caudillo ostrogodo Teodomiro , del linaje de los Amalos y de Erelieva Eusebia , a edad temprana fue enviado por su padre como rehén a la ciudad de Constantinopla (actual Estambul ), siendo un niño ( 462 ). Filho do chefe ostrogodo Teodomiro , a linhagem do Amal e os Eusébia Erelieva , em tenra idade foi enviado por seu pai como um refém para a cidade de Constantinopla (hoje Istambul ), como uma criança ( 462 ). Allí recibió una educación basada en la cultura grecolatina. Ele recebeu uma educação baseada na cultura greco-romana. Sucedió en 474 a su padre como líder de los ostrogodos. Foi o que aconteceu em 474 , seu pai como o líder dos ostrogodos.

Edictum Theodorici regis ( 512 ). Theodorici Edictum registrados ( 512 ).  

El Mausoleo de Teodorico en Rávena . O Mausoléu de Teodorico em Ravena . Fue nombrado patricio y magister militum por el augusto Zenón , emperador de Oriente. Ele foi nomeado patrício e magister militum de agosto de Zenão , o imperador do Oriente. Éste le cedió en 488 el gobierno de Italia con la condición de vencer a Odoacro , rey de los hérulos que había depuesto a Rómulo Augústulo , último emperador romano de Occidente ( 476 ). Isto deu-lhe em 488 Governo Itália desde a derrota Odoacro , rei dos hérulos, que tinha deposto Rómulo Augusto , último imperador romano do Ocidente ( 476 ). Teodorico penetró en la península Itálica al frente de su pueblo, cuyo número se estima en unas cien mil personas, y consiguió ocupar Rávena , tras simular un pacto con Odoacro para seguidamente, durante los festejos, apuñalarlo. Teodorico entraram na península italiana, à frente de seu povo, cujo número é estimado em cem mil pessoas, e conseguiu levar Ravenna , após simulação de um pacto com Odoacro então, durante as celebrações, facada. ( 493 ). ( 493 ).
Se proclamó rey de Italia ( 494 ), fijando su residencia en Rávena , y fue reconocido como rex Italiam por el augusto Anastasio , emperador de Oriente, en 497 , a quien debía una teórica sumisión. Foi proclamado rei da Itália ( 494 ), tendo residência em Ravena , e foi reconhecido como o Italiam agosto rex Anastasio , imperador do Oriente, em 497 , que teve uma apresentação teórica. Mantuvo las diferencias entre los ostrogodos, de religión arriana , que retuvieron el poder militar, y los romanos, católicos, que concentraron el poder civil, dentro de un difícil equilibrio. As diferenças mantiveram-se entre os ostrogodos, religião ariana , que detinha o poder militar e os católicos romanos, que representavam o poder civil dentro de um equilíbrio difícil. Teodorico se consideraba heredero del mundo romano y por ello respetó las instituciones imperiales rodeándose de consejeros latinos, como Boecio y Casiodoro . Teodorico foi considerado o herdeiro do mundo romano e respeitadas instituições, portanto, cercar-se de consultores latino-imperial, como Boécio e Cassiodoro .

Deseaba crear un imperio germánico de Occidente, heredero del romano, que englobase a francos , vándalos , visigodos y ostrogodos . Queria criar um império germânico ocidental, herdeiro do Roman, que inclui Frank , vândalos , visigodos e ostrogodos . Con este objetivo, realizó una hábil política de alianzas matrimoniales entre su familia y los reyes de los otros pueblos germánicos, que, si bien no llegaría a materializar su sueño, lo convirtió en el principal soberano occidental de su época. Com este objetivo, fez uma inteligente política de alianças matrimoniais entre sua família e os reis dos outros povos germânicos, que, embora não se materializar seu sonho, que se tornou o principal governante ocidental de seu tempo.

En 511 intervino de forma decisiva en la resolución de la crisis de la monarquía visigoda, abierta a raíz de la muerte de Alarico II en la batalla de Vouillé ( 507 ), en la que fue derrotado por los francos. Em 511 "intervenção s foi decisivo para resolver a crise da monarquia visigótica, aberta após a morte de Alarico II na batalha de Vouillé ( 507 ), que foi derrotado pelos francos. Depuso al Gesaleico , hijo ilegítimo de Alarico II (elegido por los nobles en el mismo campo de batalla de Vouillé después de la muerte de su padre), y coronó a su nieto Amalarico , hijo de Alarico II y de su hija Tindigota . Deposto Gesal , filho ilegítimo de Alarico II (eleito pelos nobres, no campo de batalha Vouillé mesmo após a morte de seu pai), e coroou seu neto Amalric , filho de Alarico II e sua filha Tindigota . Asumió el gobierno del reino visigodo como tutor de su nieto, a quien colocó bajo la protección de Teudis, uno de sus generales. Tomou posse como guardião do reino visigodo de seu neto, que foi colocado sob a proteção de Teudis, um de seus generais. La regencia se mantuvo hasta la muerte del monarca ostrogodo ( 526 ), cuando Amalarico pudo gobernar libremente a su pueblo. A regência durou até a morte do monarca Ostrogodos ( 526 ), quando Amauri foi capaz de governar o seu povo livre.

Favoreció el desarrollo de la agricultura y del comercio. o desenvolvimento favorecidas da agricultura e do comércio. Hizo de Rávena, su capital, un destacado centro artístico y cultural fomentando el cultivo de las artes y las letras. Ele Ravenna, a capital, um importante centro artístico e cultural, promover o cultivo das artes e das letras. Permitió la coexistencia del catolicismo y del arrianismo durante la mayor parte de su reinado, pero esta tolerancia finalizó en los últimos años de su vida, debido a los enfrentamientos con el Papado y con el Imperio bizantino , que lo llevaron a encerrar y decapitar a su consejero Boecio ( 524 ) ya encarcelar al papa Juan I . Permitiu a coexistência do catolicismo e arianismo durante a maior parte de seu reinado, mas a tolerância foi concluído nos últimos anos de sua vida, devido aos conflitos com o Papado eo Império Bizantino , que o levou a aprisionar e decapitar suas Boécio conselheiro ( 524 ) e prisão do papa João I .

Dejó como sucesor a su nieto Atalarico , hijo de su hija Amalasunta , falleciendo el 30 de agosto del 526 . Ele deixou como seu sucessor o seu neto Atalarico , filho de sua filha Amalasunta , morreu em 30 de agosto de 526 . El estallido de una guerra civil permitió al emperador Justiniano convertir a Italia en una nueva provincia bizantina y dispersar a los ostrogodos, que desaparecieron como pueblo ( 555 ). A eclosão da guerra civil permitiu o Imperador Justiniano fazer uma província da Itália bizantina e dispersar os ostrogodos, que desapareceu como um povo

---

REI OSTROGODO da Itália e 10º REI VISIGODO da Espanha.

Na Wikipedia:

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodorico_o_Grande

---

From the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy page on Italy Kings (describing his birth family - no known family of his own):

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ITALY,%20Kings%20to%20962.htm#Theod...

THEODEMIR [Thiudimir], son of VANDALARIUS (-Kyrrhos 474).

Iordanes names "Thiudemer et Valamir et Vidimir" as the sons of Vandilarius[231].

King of the Ostrogoths in Pannonia, under his brother Valamir, he ruled over the western part of their domain which covered the county of Somogy and northeastern Croatia. He succeeded his brother in [468/49] as King of all the Pannonian Ostrogoths.

When the Ostrogoths left Pannonia in [473], Theodemir and his contingent went towards Constantinople. They were settled in Macedonia, based in the city of Kyrrhos[232].

m ---. The name of Theodemir's wife is not known.

---

Concubine: ERELEUVA [Erelieva]. She was baptised a Catholic as EUSEBIA[233].

Iordanes names "Erelieva concubina" as mother of Theodoric[234]. She went with her son to Italy.

---

Theodemir & his wife had one child:

1. AMALAFRIDA (-murdered [523/25]).

Iordanes names "Amalfridam germanam suam [Theoderici]" as the mother of "Theodehadi" and wife of "Africa regi Vandalorum…Thrasamundo"[235]. Emperor Zeno used her as ambassador to her half-brother in 487 to thwart his attack on Constantinople[236]. Her second marriage was arranged by her half-brother, Theodoric King of Italy, as part of his efforts to foster the support of the Vandals. Amalafrida's dowry was Lilybæum in western Sicily[237]. After the death of her husband, she unsuccessfully protested his successor's withdrawal of support from her brother, but she was outmanœuvred and killed[238].

m firstly [HUGO ---] (-before 500). The Widukindi Res Gestæ Saxonicæ names "Huga rex Francorum…unicam filiam Amalbergam" who married "Irminfredo regi Thuringorum"[239], but there is no indication to whom "Huga rex Francorum" could refer.

m secondly ([500]%29 THRASAMUND, King of the Vandals, son of [GENTO the Vandal or GELIMER the Vandal] (before 460-523).

Amalafrida & her first husband had two children, Theodahad and Amalaberga.

---

Theodemir had three illegitimate children by his concubine:

2. THEODORIC ([451][258]-30 Aug 526).

Iordanes names "Theodericum" as son of Theodemir, in a later passage naming his mother "Erelieva concubina"[259]. He was proclaimed THEODORIC "the Great" King of Italy in Mar 493 after defeating King Odovacar.

---.

3. THEODIMUND.

The primary source which names him has not yet been identified.

He marched westwards to Durazzo with his brother in 479, leading one of the three marching columns[260].

---

4. daughter (-[479]).

The primary source which records her existence has not yet been identified. She died about the time her half-brother marched westwards to Durazzo[261].

References:

[232] Wolfram, H. (1998) History Of The Goths (Berkeley, California), pp. 267 and 269. [233] Wolfram (1998), p. 261. [234] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 128. [235] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 132. [236] Wolfram (1998), p. 278. [237] Wolfram (1998), p. 308. [238] Wolfram (1998), p. 308. [239] Widukindi Res Gestæ Saxonicæ I.9, MGH SS III, p. 420. [240] Iordanes Getarum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 132. [241] Jordanes, LIX, p. 51. [242] Jordanes, LIX, p. 51, and Wolfram (1998), p. 333. [243] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.3, pp. 16-17. [244] Procopius, Vol. II, De Bello Gothico I.4, p. 23. [245] Jordanes, LIX, p. 51, and Wolfram (1998), p. 338. [246] Iordanes Romanorum, MGH Auct. ant. V.1, p. 48. [247] Wolfram (1998), pp. 339-41. [248] Procopius, Vol. II, De Be

---

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Neusiedl https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannonia_Superior birth location: Lake Nieusedl, Pannonia Superior, Roman Empire [Austria-Hungarian border]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogothic_Ravenna death location: Ravenna, Ostrogothic Kingdom [Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy]

---

MD's Note on picture: This mosaic in Ravenna, when discovered under plaster, was erroneously identified as being a portrait of Justinian, and currently (after restoration) carries a caption above it identifying h