- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancred_of_Hauteville

http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00080252&tree=LEO

Tancred de Hauteville was an eleventh-century Norman petty lord about whom little is known. His historical importance comes entirely from the accomplishments of his sons and later descendants. He was a minor noble near Coutances in the Cotentin, but it is not even certain which of the three villages called Hauteville he held, though Hauteville-la-Guichard is most often cited. Various legends later arose about him which have no supporting contemporary evidence.

He had 12 sons by his two wives, and several daughters, almost all of whom left Normandy for southern Italy and acquired some prominence there.

By his first wife Muriella he had five sons:

• William Iron-Arm, count of Apulia (1042-1046)
• Drogo, count of Apulia (1046-1051)
• Humphrey, count of Apulia (1051-1057)
• Geoffrey, count of Loritello
• Serlo (stayed in Normandy), lord of Hauteville (1041)

According to the Italian chronicler of the Norman feats in the south, Amatus of Montecassino, Tancred was a morally upright man who would not carry on a sinful relationship and so remarried, being unable also to live out his life in perfect celibacy. By his second wife Fressenda (or Fredesenda) he had seven sons and at least one daughter:

• Robert Guiscard, count of Apulia (1057), then duke of Apulia and Sicily (1059-1085)
• Mauger, count of the Capitanate (1056-1059)
• William (Willerm or Guillerm, Willermus in Latin), count of the Principate
• Aubrey (Alberic or Alvared, Alveredus in Latin; sometimes called Alvred or Alfred) (stayed in Normandy)
• Humbert (Hubert) (stayed in Normandy)
• Tancred (stayed in Normandy)
• Roger, count of Sicily from 1062
• Fressenda, who married Richard I (dead in 1078), count of Aversa and prince of Capua

References

http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/richa001.htm

"Genealogy of the Counts of Apulia". Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#_Toc174790026. Retrieved 2009-01-02.

------------------------------

A. COUNTS of APULIA 1042-1059, DUKES of APULIA 1059-1127 (FAMILY of TANCRED de HAUTEVILLE)

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm

Counts of Apulia: GUILLAUME 1042-1046, DROGO 1046-1051, ONFROI 1051-1057, ROBERT 1057-1059

TANCRED de Hauteville ([980/90]-[1041]). Contemporary sources are contradictory concerning Tancred's origin, varying from "of quite distinguished family" in Malaterra[65] to "of obscure origin" in the Alexeiad[66]. He is described as "one of the household of the count of the Normans Richard II" by Geoffrey Malaterra, who recounts a colourful story of Tancred having killed a boar which had been flushed out by the count during a hunting expedition[67]. Hereditary seigneur de Hauteville-le-Guichard, near Coutances, Normandy[68]. According to Orderic Vitalis, Tancred was "a native of the Cotentin"[69].

m firstly MORIELLA, daughter of ---. Malaterra names "Moriellam" as the first wife of Tancred[70]. A myth, not based on any evidence, emerged in the 16th century to the effect that both wives of Tancred de Hauteville were daughters of Richard I Duke of Normandy[71].

m secondly FRESSENDA, daughter of --- (-bur Church of St Eufemia, near Lampetia[72]). Malaterra names "Fresendis" as the second wife of Tancred[73]. A myth, not based on any evidence, emerged in the 16th century to the effect that both wives of Tancred de Hauteville were daughters of Richard I Duke of Normandy[74].

The names and order of birth of the children of Tancred de Hauteville are uncertain, although there appears to be unanimity among the various sources about their number. The Annals of Romoald name Tancred's twelve sons (in order) "Sarnus qui miles insignis extitit…comes Coffridus…Drogo comes…Guillelmus ipse comes…Brachiferreus prenomine dictus…comes Unfridus…Malgerius comes probus atque famosus…Robertus Guiscardus…Alberedis armis strenuous…Tancredus…Wilhelmus de Sancto Nicandro…Frumentinus…Rogerius Sicilie comes" and in addition state that he had three daughters (unnamed)[75]. Malaterra names (in order) "Gulielmum…cognomine Ferrea-branchis, Drogonem, Humfredum, Gaufredum et Serlonem" as five sons of Tancred by his first wife and "Robertus…Guiscardus…Malgerius, Willelmus, Alveredus, Hubertus, Tancredus, Rogerius" as his seven sons by his second wife[76]. The name differences between these two sources are not difficult to reconcile: presumably "Sarnus" and "Serlo" are the same, and even "Frumentinus" and "Hubertus" bear some similarity. It is possible that the variations are due solely to errors in transcribing unclear script. The differences in the order of birth of the sons are less easy to reconcile. The sources only agree that Roger was the youngest son. The order in which Tancred's sons by his second wife are shown here follows Malaterra. However, the order of birth of his sons by his first wife follows Romoald, with one minor adjustment, for the reasons explained below.

Tancred & his first wife had six children:

1. SERLON de Hauteville ([1005/10]-after [1027/35]). Malaterra names "Serlonem" fifth in order of Tancred's five sons by his first wife[77]. He is shown first in the list in the Annals of Romoald[78]. As Serlon remained in Normandy after his brothers went to Italy, it is more likely that he was the eldest son who remained at home to inherit his father's lands. At first sight this appears to be contradicted by Orderic Vitalis who records that Tancred d'Hauteville "passed on his whole inheritance to his son Goisfredus [Geoffrey]", advising the others "to seek their living by their strength and wits outside their native land"[79]. However, Malaterra records that Serlon fled to Brittany after committing murder, some time during the reign of Robert I Duke of Normandy, and from there launched raids against Normandy[80]. The departure of the other brothers for southern Italy is dated to [1035] in other sources (see below). It is possible therefore that Serlon's difficulties occurred at the same time and that this caused a last minute change of plans which involved the promotion of the second son Godefroi. Serlon's birth date range is estimated assuming that he was an adult when obliged to flee Normandy in [1027/35] and provides some support for the hypothesis that he was the oldest son. m ([1027/35]%29 ---. This marriage took place after Serlon was pardoned by Duke Robert and returned to Normandy, according to Malaterra[81], so some time during Duke Robert's reign assuming the source is accurate. Serlon & his wife had one child: a) SERLON (-killed in battle near Nicosia, Sicily summer 1072). ....

2. BEATRIX de Hauteville ([1005/10]-1101). The Annals of Romoald state that Tancred had three daughters without naming them or stating by which marriage they were born[86]. The chronology of her descendants strongly suggests that Beatrix must have been born in [1005/10] and therefore was one of her parents' older children. The primary source which confirms her name and two marriages has not yet been identified. Beatrix is shown as the daughter of Tancred by his first wife in Europäische Stammtafeln[87]. The basis for this is not known. However, it appears more likely that she was the daughter of his second marriage if her estimated birth date range is correct, especially in light of the approximate date of birth of her brother Robert "Guiscard" in [1020]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "Robertus de Scabioso Monte comes…Gosfredi frater, et ambo orti germana fuerant ducis"[88]. Guerrieri highlights that "Gosfredi" in this passage has been identified as Godefroi Conte di Conversano but that it is not possible to confirm whether this is correct[89]. If the speculation is right, Beatrix was the same person as the daughter of Tancred who is shown below as married to "--- [di Conversano]". m firstly ARMAND de Mortain, son of ROBERT Comte d'Eu [Normandie] & his first wife Béatrice ---. m secondly ROGER, son of ---.

3. GODEFROI de Hauteville (-1063). Malaterra names "Gaufredum" as fourth son of Tancred & his first (unnamed) wife[90]. He is shown second in the list in the Annals of Romoald[91]. According to Orderic Vitalis, Tancred d'Hauteville "passed on his whole inheritance to his son Goisfredus [Geoffrey/Godefroi]", advising the others "to seek their living by their strength and wits outside their native land"[92]. This suggests that Godefroi was the oldest son. As explained above, the career path of Serlon suggests that there may have been a last minute change of plan which resulted in Godefroi being chosen to inherit their father's lands. For this reason, Godefroi is shown here as second son. Amatus records that the brothers "Mauger, Geoffrey, William and Roger" arrived in Apulia from Normandy[93], dated from the context to [1054/57]. Malaterra records that the Capitanata had been held by "Gaufridum fratrem suum" before it was granted to Mauger[94]. Conte di Loritello.
- CONTI di LORITELLO.

4. GUILLAUME de Hauteville "Bras de Fer" ([1010/20]-[May/Sep] 1046, bur Venosa, Monastery of Santissima Trinità). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names (in order) "Guilelmum, Drogonem et Humfridum Tancridi filios" when recording their recent arrival from Normandy with 300 other Normans[95]. According to the Annals of Romoald, "Guillelmus comes…Brachiferreus" was fourth son, after Drogo[96]. The order in Malaterra is the same as in the Chronica Mon. Casinensis[97]. Guillaume is shown here as older than his brothers Drogo and Onfroi because it is considered more probable that the order of succession between them as Counts of Apulia reflected their relative seniority in the family, although it is of course not impossible that Guillaume was more junior among the brothers who left for Italy and that his initial appointment as count was due to personal ability rather than seniority. He went to southern Italy with his brother Drogo in [1035], serving in the army of Rainulf the Norman, who was at that time fighting in support of Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno[98]. Amatus records that Prince Guaimar made "William son of Tancred" as his captain[99]. They joined the Byzantine forces led by general Giorgios Maniakes, which had sailed from Constantinople in summer 1038 to reconquer Sicily from the Muslims[100]. During the siege of Syracuse in 1040, Guillaume killed the military governor of the town, earning his nickname "Bras-de-fer". After returning to Apulia from the Sicilian campaign, he was among the forces which captured Melfi in Mar 1041, aiming to make it the Norman centre from which to lead campaigns to expel the Byzantines from Italy. Within days they captured Venosa, Lavello and Ascoli. They defeated the Greeks on the banks of the river Olivento near Venosa 17 Mar 1041, at Montemaggiore in May where Guillaume was general, and at Monte Siricoloso near Montepeloso 3 Sep 1041. Amatus records that "the Normans…decided among themselves to place a count over them…and…chose William, son of Tancred" and after installing him as their count “went to the court of Prince Guaimar of Salerno…[and] from that hour Guaimar called him prince and Guaimar called himself rector” (although this passage would be more consistent with other sources if it read “Guillaume called him prince and Guillaume called himself rector”)[101]. This represents the moment when he is taken to have become GUILLAUME Conte di Apulia, although it is not apparent from the primary sources that he used the title at the time. Lupus Protospatarius records that "Guillelmus" was elected "comes a Matera" in Sep 1042[102]. Ascoli was his fiefdom: Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[103]. The Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[104]. That Guillaume was the vassal of Guaimar IV Principe di Salerno is confirmed by the prince and his son assuming the title "Duke of Apulia and Calabria" in charters dated between Jan 1043 and 1047[105]. Lupus Protospatarius records "Gulielmus filius Tancredi" entering Calabria with "Guarimari principe" in 1044 and capturing "Stridulam castellum"[106]. Lupus Protospatarius records the death in 1046 of "Gulielmus" specifying that his brother "Drago" succeeded as count[107].

m ([Sep 1042]) [GUIDA] di Salerno, daughter of GUIDO di Salerno Conte di Conza [Duca di Sorrento] & his wife --- ([1030/32]-). Amatus records the marriage of "Guida the daughter of his [Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno] brother" to Guillaume d'Hauteville when the latter was installed as Count of Apulia[108]. Considering that the birth of her father´s older brother is estimated to [1011/12], it is unlikely that Guida could have been born earlier than [1030/32]. She was therefore still a child when she married.

5. DROGO de Hauteville ([1010/20]-murdered Castle of Monte Ilaro 10 Aug 1051, bur Venosa, Monastery of Santissima Trinità). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names (in order) "Guilelmum, Drogonem et Humfridum Tancridi filios" when recording their recent arrival from Normandy with 300 other Normans[109]. According to the Annals of Romoald, Drogo was the third son, before "Guillelmus comes…Brachiferreus"[110]. The order in Malaterra order of succession of Guillaume, Drogo and Onfroi as Counts of Apulia reflected their relative seniority in the family, although it is of course not impossible that Guillaume was more junior among the brothers who left for Italy and that his initial appointment as count was due to personal ability rather than seniority. Amatus records that "William son of Tancred [came] from Normandy [to Italy] with his two brothers Drogo and Humphrey"[111], probably dated to [1035]. Venosa was Drogo´s fiefdom from early 1042: Amatus records that "the Normans divided among themselves" the lands at Melfi, following their victories against the Byzantines dated to 1041, and that “William received Ascoli; Drogo had Venosa; Arnolin had Lavello; Hugh Toutebove had Monopoli; Rodulf had Canne; Walter, Civitate; Peter, Trani; Rodulf son of Bebena, Sant´Arcangelo; Tristan, Montepeloso; Hervey, Grumento; Asclettin, Acerenza; and Rainfroi, Malarbine”, adding that “Prince Guaimar of Salerno…invested each one of them”[112]. the Chronica Monasterii Casinensis records the division of properties agreed at Melfi, dated to Feb 1042, as follows: "Guilelmo Asculum, Drogoni Venusiam, Arnolino Labellum, Ugoni Tutabovi Monopolim, Petro Tranum, Gualterio Civitatem, Rodulfo Cannim, Tristaino Montem pilosum, Herveo Grigentum, Asclittino Acerentiam, Rodulfo Sanctum Archangelum, Raimfrido Monerbinum"[113]. The Romoaldi Annales record that "Drogo Normannorum comes" captured and burnt "civitatem Bibinum" {Bovino} in 1045[114]. Lupus Protospatarius names "Drago" as brother of "Gulielmus", specifying that he succeeded the latter as count in 1046[115]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records that "Unfredum…cum fratre Drogone" disputed the succession of their brother Guillaume with "Petrus consanguinitate propinquus"[116]. He succeeded his brother in 1046 as DROGO Conte di Apulia. Amatus records that "Drogo and Rainaulf" were "put into possession of their counties" by Emperor Heinrich III, dated to 1047[117]. A charter dated 1047 is the last time in which Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno is named with the title "Duke of Apulia and Calabria"[118]. The timing suggests that this may have followed Emperor Heinrich III´s confirmation of Drogo, who thereby presumably ceased to be Guaimar´s vassal. He received Benevento from Emperor Heinrich III in 1047, jointly with Rainulf II Conte di Aversa, after the latter confiscated it from the citizens who had refused to open its gates to him, although the Beneventans invited Pope Leo IX to take over the town. "Drogo…dux et magister Italie comesque Normannorum totius Apulie atque Calabrie" donated property for the souls of "fratris mei Guillelmi, Unfredi, Roberti" by charter dated 1053[119]. Chalandon discusses the possible spurious nature of this document but opts for its authenticity[120]. The Annals of Romoald record the death of "Drogo Normannorum comes" in Aug 1050[121]. Lupus Protospatarius records that "Drago" was killed in 1051 "in monte Ilari a suo compatre Concilio"[122]. Orderic Vitalis records that Drogo was murdered by Waszo Count of Naples at the altar of the church of St Lawrence[123].

m firstly ALTRUDA, daughter of --- (before 1045). "Riccardus Senescalcus maximi comitis Drogonis filius" donated property to Cava, for the souls of "predicti patris mei et Roberti Guiscardi magnifici ducis et Rogerii…ducis et Boamundi filiorum eius et Altrude…coniugis mee atque Rocce…sororis mee et Altrude matris mee", by charter dated Mar 1115[124]. It is likely that she was Altruda, related to the comital family of Salerno of Conte Alfan son of Conte Petrus, as shown by the charter dated Aug 1079 under which "Alfanus filius quondam Petri comitis et Aloara uxor eius filie Castelmanni comitis" donated property to Cava, for the soul of "Riccardus…parenti illorum…filius fuit bene recordationis domni Drogonis comitis qui fuit germanus…domni nostri ducis"[125].

m secondly (1046) as her first husband, GAITELGRIMA di Salerno, daughter of GUAIMAR IV Prince of Salerno & his [second wife Purpura ---] ([before 1032]-after Jan 1087). Amatus records that "Guaimar" [Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno] gave Drogo his daughter in marriage "with a very grand dowry" after his succession[126]. "Domina Gaytelgrima comitissa filia…Robberti ducis" donated property to the monastery of La Trinità at Cava for the souls of "suprascripti domini Robberti et…domini Drogonis et domini Affridi comitum qui fuerunt viri sui" by charter dated Jan 1087[127], although the parentage attributed to her in this document is presumably a copyist's error. It is also curious that the document omits any reference to Gaitelgrima's second husband. This copy of the document appears to be defective as another copy records that "dominæ Gaytelgrimæ comitissæ filiæ bonæ recordationis domini Guaimarii…principis et ducis" donated property for the souls of "domini Drogonis et domini Roberti et domini Alfredi comitum qui fuerunt viri sui" and for the souls of "Purpure genitricis suæ et…Ricardi filii sui qui de ipso Roberto comite marito suo primogenitum habuit"[128]. Amatus records that "Guaimar" [Guaimar IV Prince of Salerno] gave Drogo his daughter in marriage "with a very grand dowry" after his succession[129]. The chronology of this family suggests that Gaitelgrima was still a child at the time of this marriage. She married secondly ([end 1051/May 1052]) Roberto di Lucera Conte di Gargano. Amatus records that Prince Guaimar gave "Count Drogo's [daughter]" to "Robert brother of Count Richard", the editor of the edition consulted speculating that "daughter" must be an error for "widow"[130]. She married thirdly Conte Affred. Count Drogo & his first wife had three children....

6. ONFROI de Hauteville ([1015/20]-spring 1057, bur Monastery of Santissima Trinità, Venosa). The Chronica Mon. Casinensis names (in order) "Guilelmum, Drogonem et Humfridum Tancridi filios" when recording their recent arrival from Normandy with 300 other Normans[188]. According to the Annals of Romoald, "Unfridus" was the fifth son[189]. The order in Malaterra is the same as in the Chronica Mon. Casinensis[190]. Onfroi is shown as fifth son here because it is considered more probable that the order of succession of Guillaume, Drogo and Onfroi as Counts of Apulia reflected their relative seniority in the family. While it is not impossible that, as explained above, Guillaume's initial appointment as count was due to personal ability rather than seniority, it is difficult to imagine that the order of succession of Drogo and Onfroi would have been decided by any factor other than age. Amatus records that "William son of Tancred [came] from Normandy [to Italy] with his two brothers Drogo and Humphrey"[191], probably dated to [1035]. Onfroi is not named as having received territories under the agreement reached at Melfi in Feb 1042 (which names his brothers Guillaume and Drogo, see above). The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi records that "Unfredum…cum fratre Drogone" disputed the succession of their brother Guillaume with "Petrus consanguinitate propinquus"[192]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Humphredus" captured "Trojam" and built "castrum in Bachareza" in 1048[193]. Malaterra records that "fratrem suum Umfredum Abagelardum comitem" was given "castrum…Lavel" by his brother Drogo[194]. "Unfredus comes…" subscribed the charter dated 1053 (misdated) under which "Drogo…dux et magister Italie comesque Normannorum totius Apulie atque Calabrie" donated property for the soul of "fratris mei Guillelmi, Unfredi, Roberti"[195]. He succeeded his brother 1051 as ONFROI Conte di Apulia. Lupus Protospatarius records that "Drago" was killed in 1051 "in monte Ilari a suo compatre Concilio" and succeeded by "frater eius Unfreda"[196]. Pope Leo IX, faced with the increasing threat from the Normans to the stability in southern Italy, launched a holy campaign against them, but was defeated and captured at Civitate in 17 Jun 1053. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Leone Papa et Principe Beneventano et Catapano imperiali" fought the Normans "in principatu Beneventu", but that "Rodulphus Princeps" escaped and Pope Leo was captured by "Humphredo et Northmannis" in Jun 1053[197]. He was only allowed to return to Rome 12 Mar 1054, and died there the following month. The Normans made the most of their advantage, capturing large parts of southern Italy. By end 1055, Oria, Nardon and Lecce had fallen to them. Lupus Protospatarius records the death in 1056 of "Umfreda", specifying that his brother "Robertus" succeeded as duke[198]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records the death in 1056 of "Humphredus" and the succession of "comes Apuliæ Robertus qui dictus est Guiscardus"[199].

m (after Aug 1051) as her second husband, GAITELGRIMA di Sorrento, widow of RODOLFE Conte d´Aversa, daughter of --- di Sorrento & his wife --- ([1015/20]-). "Gaitelgrima…comitissa senatrix" donated property to the monastery of San Blasio, for the soul of "domni Rodolfi comiti seniori mei", by charter dated Mar 1048, dated to "comitante domno Guilielmo et domno Herimano in castro Aversum…anno primo"[200]. Amatus refers to the wife of Humphrey as "the Duke of Sorrento's sister"[201]. The fact that these references are to the same person is confirmed by the Gesta Roberti Wiscardi which names "genitus genetrice Hermannus [Comte di Canne] eadem Unfredi fuerat qua filius Abagelardus"[202], Abelard being the son of Onfroi and Herman presumably being the son of Rodolfe (who was reported as having received Canne under the treaty of Melfi in 1042[203]). Her birth date range is estimated based on her having had children by both her marriages. Onfroi & his wife had five children....

Tancred & his [first/second] wife had one child:

7. [daughter . The Annals of Romoald state that Tancred had three daughters without naming them or stating by which marriage they were born[227]. If Orderic Vitalis is correct in saying that "Geoffroy di Conversano" was nepos of Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia, his mother must have been the Duke's sister[228]. This is confirmed when Malaterra records that "Gaufridum de Conversano neptem suis [Roberti ducis]…filius…sororis suæ"[229]. The Gesta Roberti Wiscardi names "Robertus de Scabioso Monte comes…Gosfredi frater, et ambo orti germana fuerant ducis"[230]. Guerrieri highlights that "Gosfredi" in this passage has been identified as Godefroi Conte di Conversano but that it is not possible to confirm whether this is correct[231]. If the speculation is right, this daughter was the same person as [Beatrix], wife of Armand de Mortain (see above). m --- [di Conversano], son of ---.]

Tancred & his second wife had eight children:

8. ROBERT "Guiscard/Weasel" de Hauteville ([1020]-Phiscardo Bay, Cephalonia 17 Jul 1085, bur Monastery of Santissima Trinità, Venosa). Malaterra names "Robertus dictus a nativitate Guiscardus…" first among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[232]. He succeeded his half-brother as ROBERT Count of Apulia at Melfi Aug 1057. - see below.

9. MAUGER de Hauteville (-Sep 1064). Malaterra names "…secundus Malgerius…" second among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[233]. The Annals of Romoald record "Malgerius comes probus atque famosus" as older than his brother Robert "Guiscard"[234]. There seems no way of deciding which version may be correct. Amatus records that the brothers "Mauger, Geoffrey, William and Roger" arrived in Apulia from Normandy[235], dated from the context to [1054/57]. Malaterra records that "fratres suos…Malgerium…Willelmum" were made counts in "Capitanatæ…[et] in Principatu" respectively by their brother Count Onfroi[236]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records that "Malgerus comes" captured "Oriam" from which "Græcos" fled, in 1060, but that "Miriarcha cum expercitu Imperiali" defeated "Robertum et Malgerum" in Oct 1060 and recovered lands including "Hydrunte"[237]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records the death in 1064 of "Malgerus comes"[238]. [m ---. The name of Mauger´s possible wife is not known. Mauger & his wife had [one child]....

10. FREDESENDE de Hauteville ([1025][240]-). The Annals of Romoald state that Tancred had three daughters without naming them or stating by which marriage they were born[241]. The Chronica Mon. Casinensis records "Drogo sororem suam" as wife of "Richardum filium Asclittini", but does not name her[242]. "Iordanus…Capuanorum princeps" donated the monastery of San Ruffi in Capua to San Angelo ad Formas, for the souls of "patris mei principis Richardi ac matris meæ Fredessinde…et uxoris meæ Gaytelgrimæ", by charter dated 1082[243]. m RICHARD Prince of Capua Count of Aversa, son of ASCLETTIN di Aversa & his wife --- (-Apr 1078).

11. GUILLAUME de Hauteville "Sanicandro" (-1080). Malaterra names "…tertius Willelmus…" third among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[244]. The Annals of Romoald name "Wilhelmus de Sancto Nicandro" tenth in order of his sons[245]. There seems no way of deciding which of these versions may be correct. Amatus records that the brothers "Mauger, Geoffrey, William and Roger" arrived in Apulia from Normandy[246], dated from the context to [1054/57]. Malaterra records that "fratres suos…Malgerium…Willelmum" were made counts in "Capitanatæ…[et] in Principatu" respectively by their brother Count Onfroi[247]. - CONTI di PRINCIPATO.

12. AUBREY de Hauteville. Malaterra names "…quartus Alverardus…" fourth among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[248]. The Annals of Romoald name "Alberedis armis strenuus" sixth in order of his sons[249]. There seems no way of deciding which of these versions may be correct.

13. HUMBERT de Hauteville (-1071). Malaterra names "…quintus Hubertus…" fifth among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[250]. The Chronicon Amalphitani names "Humbinus Comes de Sancto Nicandro" as tenth son of Tancred, but states that he was father of "Roberti Comitis de Principatu"[251]. The Chronicon Breve Normannicum records the death in 1071 of "Humbertus frater eius" (referring to "Robertus Dux")[252]. m ---. The name of Humbert's wife is not known. Humbert & his wife had one child: a) CONSTANTINOS Humbertopulos (-[1112]). ....

14. TANCRED de Hauteville. Malaterra names "…sextus Tancredus…" sixth among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[254]. The Annals of Romoald name "Tancredus" as ninth son[255]. There seems no way of deciding which of these versions may be correct.

15. [FRUMENTIN . The Chronicon Amalphitani names "Frumentinus" as eleventh son of Tancred[256]. The Annals of Romoald name "Frumentinus" as eleventh son of Tancred[257].]

16. ROGER de Hauteville ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity). Malaterra names "septimus Rogerius minor" last among the sons of Tancred & his second wife[258]. The Annals of Romoald agree that he was the youngest son[259]. Amatus records that the brothers "Mauger, Geoffrey, William and Roger" arrived in Apulia from Normandy[260], dated from the context to [1054/57]. He was installed by his brother Robert "Guiscard" as ROGER Count of Sicily in 1071. - see below, Part B. COUNTS of SICILY.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancred_of_Hauteville

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancr%C3%A8de_de_Hauteville_(seigneur_du_Cotentin)

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tancredi_d%27Altavilla

See http://pages.videotron.com/emerging/Raouldehauville.htm and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauteville_family