See Peter Bartrum, https://www.geni.com/documents/view?doc_id=6000000173392791951 (February 4. 2023; Anne Brannen, curator)

Please see Darrell Wolcott: Minimum Age for Welsh Kingship in the 11th Century; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id45.html. (Steven Ferry, October 5, 2019.)

Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Royal Family of Powys - Nest ferch Cadell ap Brochwel; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id12.html. (Steven Ferry, October 13, 2019.)

Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Royal Family of Gwynedd - Ancestry of Cynan Dindaethwy; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id16.html. (Steven Ferry, November 29, 2019.)

Please see Darrell Wolcott: Harleian Ms 3859; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id129.html. (Steven Ferry, March 8, 2021.)

Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Family of Emyr Llydaw; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id305.html (Steven Ferry, October 7, 2022.)

Please see Darrell Wolcott: The Interim Kings of Gwynedd's 1st Dynasty; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id306.html (Steven Ferry, October 19, 2022.)

Please see Darrell Wolcott: Cynan Dindaethwy - Furter Notes; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id307.html (Steven Ferry, October 21, 2022.)

----------------------------------------------------

Amy Anderson 5/22/2018

After reading the notes in the "About" section, it's clear that there is not only no proof but that it is highly unlikely he ever made a trip to Rome in that era. To wit:

"Geoffrey's story of Cadwaladr's traveling to Rome may have originated from a version of the Brut y Tywysogion (English: Chronicle of the Princes), which contains the assertion. Aside from the questionable reliability of the source, it is virtually impossible that a Welsh king would have made a pilgrimage to Rome at the very height of the great schism between Rome and the Celtic Church, though it became common for them to do so 200 years later.[16]"

The most likely scenario is that Cadwaladr died in the the 682 plague in Wales. There is evidence that a plague hit Britain at that time, and if he'd died in the earlier (663) plague as others have asserted, his son would have had an almost inconceivably long rule.

--------------------------------

ID: I104151

Name: CADWALADR FENDIGAID AP CADWALLON

Prefix: KING OF GWYNEDD

Sex: M

Birth: 615 CE in , , Wales

Death: Between 664 and 682 CE of plague 1

Event: King Of Gwynedd Coronation 655 CE

Change Date: 9 Nov 2008 at 12:35

Father: CADWALLON II AP CADFAN b: 591 CE in , , Wales

Mother: HELEN MIERCNA b: 594 CE in , Mercia, England

Marriage 1 Spouse Unknown

Married:

Change Date: 13 Jan 2009

Children

IFWR AP CADWALADR b: Bef 664 CE

IDWAL LWRCH AP CADWALADR b: 664 CE in , , Wales
Sources:

Abbrev: Sutton Folk Family Tree 3175463.ged

Title: Sutton Folk Family Tree

Sutton Folk Family Tree 3175463.ged

Author: Folk, Linda Sutton

Publication: www.worldconnect.rootsweb.com

---

Cadwaladr

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr)

Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon (c. 633–682, reigned from about 655) (Latin: Catuvelladurus; English: Cadwallader), also known as Cadwaladr Fendigaid ('the Blessed') was a king of Gwynedd. According to the Historia Brittonum he "reigned among the Britons" as high king. Later Welsh legend and prophecy (including the 10th Century prophetic poem Armes Prydain) regarded him as the promised deliverer, who would one day return to lead the Brythons to victory against the Saxons (a role which Arthur and especially Owain would later assume, although Cadwaladr never entirely lost his place in the Welsh prophetic tradition of the later Middle Ages). Geoffrey of Monmouth included him in his Historia Regum Britanniae (xii,14) as the last in the line of legendary Kings of the Britons. His supposed standard, the red dragon, was later adopted by Henry VII of England, founder of the Tudor dynasty , who claimed descent from Cadwaladr, and today forms the basis for y Ddraig Goch.

The son of Cadwallon ap Cadfan, Cadwaladr was only a child when his father was killed by the army of Oswald of Bernicia at the Battle of Heavenfield, and Cadafael Cadomedd took over in Gwynedd. Raised abroad, either in Ireland, Brittany or in a neighboring Welsh kingdom, Cadwaladr eventually reclaimed his family's throne from Cadafael. He went on to challenge the West Saxons in Somerset in 658, unsuccessfully[citation needed]. Cadwaladr was arguably the last Welsh ruler to mount a serious counteroffensive against the Anglo-Saxon forces that had overrun much of Southern Britain since the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It may be for this reason that Geoffrey of Monmouth chose to end his narrative of British kings with Cadwaladr.

After these initial military escapades, Cadwaladr seemingly settled down and focused on the domestic situation, establishing several religious foundations in Gwynedd and gaining a reputation as a devout, pious leader; so much so that, after his death, the Welsh church came to regard him as a saint (he was not canonized).

According to the Annales Cambriae, he died of plague in 682. The earlier Historia Brittonum suggest he was the victim of an earlier plague, in 663/664, but such an early death would seem to extend the reign of his successor, Idwal Iwrch, to an improbable length.

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He established several religious foundations in Gwynedd & gaining a reputation as a devout, pious leader. After his death the Welsh church regarded him as a saint (he was not canonized). According to Annales Camriae he died of the plague.

Source:

The book, 'Kings & Queens of Great Britain'

---

---

Another source says that he was canonized by Pope Sergius I in 688. This makes his death in 682 impossible, as Pope Sergius I's pontificate did not begin until 687.

After these initial military escapades, Cadwaladr seemingly settled down and focused on the domestic situation, establishing several religious foundations in Gwynedd and gaining a reputation as a devout, pious leader; so much so that, after his death, the Welsh church came to regard him as a saint (he was not canonized).

According to the Annales Cambriae, he died of plague in 682. The earlier Historia Brittonum suggest he was the victim of an earlier plague, in 663/664, but such an early death would seem to extend the reign of his successor, Idwal Iwrch, to an improbable length.

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Cadwaladr

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon (English: Cadwaladr son of Cadwallon) was King of Gwynedd (reigned c. 655 – 682). Two devastating plagues happened during his reign, one in 664 and the other in 682, with himself a victim of the second one. Little else is known of his reign. Cadwaladr is most widely recognised as a prominent character in the romantic stories of Geoffrey of Monmouth, where he is portrayed as the last in a line of legendary kings of Britain.

Y Ddraig Goch (English: The Red Dragon) has long been known as a Welsh symbol, appearing in the Mabinogion, the Historia Brittonum, and the stories of Geoffrey of Monmouth. It has commonly been referred to as 'The Red Dragon of Cadwaladr', and since the accession of Henry VII to the English throne, it has often been referred to as 'The Red Dragon of Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon'. The association with Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon is a traditional one, without a firm historical provenance.

Cadwaladr's name appears without the identifying patronymic 'ap Cadwallon' in a number of historical and literary works, such as in the Armes Prydein. Without additional corroborating information it cannot be assumed that Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon is the person referred to, rather than a different person with the same name.

[edit]Historical record

Cadwaladr's name appears in passing in serious historical works, such as those by Davies[1] and Lloyd,[2] and then only to mention that he was the son of a famous father, Cadwallon ap Cadfan, and the successor to King Cadafael. His name appears in the pedigrees of the Jesus College MS. 20[3] (as "Kadwaladyr vendigeit", or "Cadwaladr the Blessed"). Cadwaladr's name appears as 'Catgualart' in a section of the Historia Brittonum, where it says he died of a dreadful mortality while he was king.[4]

The great plague of 664 is not noted in the Annales Cambriae, but Bede's description[5] makes clear its impact in both Britain and Ireland, where its occurrence is also noted in the Irish Annals.[6]

The plague of 682 is not noted by Bede, but the Annales Cambriae note its occurrence in Britain and that Cadwaladr was one of its victims.[7] Both the Annales Cambriae and the Irish Annals note the plague's impact in Ireland in 683,[8][9] as do other sources.[10]

The genealogies in Jesus College MS. 20[11][12] and the Harleian genealogies[13][14] give Cadwaladr and as the son of Cadwallon and the father of Idwal Iwrch. Idwal, who fathered the later king Rhodri Molwynog, may have been his successor.

[edit]Geoffrey of Monmouth

The name of the historical Cadwalladr ap Cadwallon figures prominently in Geoffrey of Monmouth's romantic account of the Historia Regum Britanniae (English: History of the Kings of Britain). As such, the Cadwaladr of Geoffrey is a literary invention that used the name of a historical person in order to advance the plot of the story. In Book XII, Chapter XIV of the Historia, Cadwaladr is given as the last in a line of kings that began with Brutus of Troy. Chapters XV – XVIII have him leaving a depopulated Britain for Brittany, then traveling to Rome, where he dies after meeting the pope.[15]

Geoffrey's story of Cadwaladr's traveling to Rome may have originated from a version of the Brut y Tywysogion (English: Chronicle of the Princes), which contains the assertion. Aside from the questionable reliability of the source, it is virtually impossible that a Welsh king would have made a pilgrimage to Rome at the very height of the great schism between Rome and the Celtic Church, though it became common for them to do so 200 years later.[16]

Also traced to Geoffrey's fertile imagination are stories of Ivor ap Alan and Ynyr traveling from Brittany to Britain.[17] The choice of names for Ivor and Ynyr in the stories may be a consequence of spurious additions to the Laws of Edward the Confessor, which inaccurately speak of good relations between Wessex and the Welsh in the reign of King Ine of Wessex (reigned 688 – 726). From there emerges a conflation of Cadwaladr or Cadwallon with Cædwalla of Wessex (reigned 685 – 688), and a conflation of Cadwaladr's son Ivor with Cædwalla's son Ine.[18]

[edit]Citations

^ Davies 1990:63, A History of Wales

^ Lloyd 1911:230, A History of Wales, Vol I

^ Phillimore 1887:87 — he is in his descendant's pedigree, given as: ... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ..., and from there back to Cunedda.

^ Giles, J. A. (translator), ed. (1841), "III. The History", Nennius's History of the Britons, London: James Bohn, in Chapter 64.

^ Bede (731), Giles, John Allen, ed., The Miscellaneous Works of Venerable Bede: Ecclesiastical History, Books I, II, and III, II, London: Whittaker and Co, 1843, p. 381, Book III, Chapter XXVII

^ Reeves, William, ed. (1857), "Additional Notes (Chronicon Hyense)", The Life of St. Columba, to which are added Copious Notes and Dissertations, Dublin: Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society, p. 376 — year 664, "Mortalitas magna in Hiberniam pervenit"

^ Phillimore 1888:159, Annales Cambriae, year 682, "Mortalitas magna fuit in brittannia. n qua catgualart filius catguolaum obiit."

^ Phillimore 1888:159, Annales Cambriae, year 683, "Mortalitas in hibernia."

^ Reeves, William, ed. (1857), "Additional Notes (Chronicon Hyense)", The Life of St. Columba, to which are added Copious Notes and Dissertations, Dublin: Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society, p. 376 — year 683, "Initium tertiae mortalitatis"

^ Plummer, Charles (1896), "Notes to the Ecclesiastical History (The plague in Ireland)", Venerabilis Baedae, Oxford: Oxford University, p. 196

^ Phillimore 1887:87 — his pedigree is given as: ... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ..., and from there back to Cunedda.

^ Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20, Gwynedd 1.

^ Owen 1841:xiv, Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel, in the Preface of Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales — his pedigree is given as: ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ..., and from there back through Maelgwn Gwynedd to Cunedda and his ancestors.

^ Harleian genealogy 1: Gwynedd 1

^ Giles, J. A.; Thompson, A., eds. (1842), The British History of Geoffrey of Monmouth: In Twelve Books (New ed.), London: James Bohn

^ Haddan, Arthur West; Stubbs, William, eds. (1868), Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, I, Oxford (published 1869), pp. 201 – 202, in the footnote explanations.

^ Stephens, Thomas (12 November 1857), "The Book of Aberpergwm, Improperly Called the Chronicle of Caradoc", Archaeologia Cambrensis, Third, IV, London: Cambrian Archaeological Association (published 1858), pp. 81 – 82

^ Haddan, Arthur West; Stubbs, William, eds. (1868), Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, I, Oxford (published 1869), p. 202, in the footnote explanations.

[edit]References

Davies, John (1990), A History of Wales (First ed.), London: Penguin Group (published 1993), ISBN 0-713-99098-8

Lloyd, John Edward (1911), A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest, I (2nd ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co (published 1912)

Owen, Aneurin, ed. (1841), Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales, I

Phillimore, Egerton, ed. (1887), "Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20", Y Cymmrodor, VIII, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 77 – 92

Phillimore, Egerton (1888), "The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harl

• Cadwaladr "Fendigaid" Ap Cadwallon King of the Britons

born about 0615 Wales

died 0664

father:

• Cadwallon Ap Cadfan King of Gwynedd and Prince of North Wales

born about 0591 Wales

mother:

• wife of Cadwallon Ap Cadfan

born about 0594 Wales

siblings:

unknown

spouse:

• wife of Cadwaladr Ap Cadwallon

born about 0615 Wales

(end of information)

children:

• Idwal "Iwrch" Ap Cadwaladr Prince of North Wales

born about 0664 Wales

died 0712

biographical and/or anecdotal:

• Cadwalader Fendigaid, the third Blessed Sovereign, last king of the ancient Britons, gave protection within all his lands to the Christians who fled from the pagan Saxons. A great warrior, he became a monk, made a pilgrimage to Rome to receive the Habit of a religious Order from Pope Sergius, and died in the great plague of 664.

notes or source:

LDS & HBJ

---

Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon (Latin: Catuvelladurus; English: Cadwallader), also known as Cadwaladr Fendigaid ("the Blessed") was a King of Gwynedd, reigning from about 655 until his death in 682. According to the Historia Brittonum he "reigned among the Britons" as High King.

Later Welsh legend and prophecy (including the 10th-century prophetic poem Armes Prydain) regarded him as the promised deliverer, who would one day return to lead the "Brythons" to victory against the Saxons (a role which Arthur and especially "Owain" would later assume, although Cadwaladr never entirely lost his place in the Welsh prophetic tradition of the later Middle Ages). Geoffrey of Monmouth included him in his Historia Regum Britanniae (xii,14) as the last in the line of legendary Kings of the Britons. His supposed standard, the red dragon, was later adopted by Henry Tudor, the Welsh founder of the Tudor dynasty, who claimed descent from Cadwaladr, and today forms the basis for y Ddraig Goch (the Welsh dragon).

Cadwaladr was only a child when his father was killed by the army of Oswald of Bernicia at the Battle of Heavenfield, and Cadafael Cadomedd took over in Gwynedd. Raised abroad, either in Ireland, Brittany, or in a neighboring Welsh kingdom, Cadwaladr eventually reclaimed his family's throne from Cadafael.

He went on to challenge the West Saxons in Somerset in 658, unsuccessfully. Cadwaladr was arguably the last Welsh ruler to mount a serious counteroffensive against the Anglo-Saxon forces that had overrun much of southern Britain since the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It may be for this reason that Geoffrey of Monmouth chose to end his narrative of British kings with Cadwaladr.

After these initial military escapades, Cadwaladr seemingly settled down and focused on the domestic situation, establishing several religious foundations in Gwynedd and gaining a reputation as a devout, pious leader; so much so that, after his death, the Welsh church came to regard him as a saint (he was not canonized).

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwaladr for more information.

---

Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon (English: Cadwaladr son of Cadwallon) was King of Gwynedd (reigned c. 655 – 682). Two devastating plagues happened during his reign, one in 664 and the other in 682, with himself a victim of the second one. Little else is known of his reign. Cadwaladr is most widely recognised as a prominent character in the romantic stories of Geoffrey of Monmouth, where he is portrayed as the last in a line of legendary kings of Britain.

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