Fulk FitzWarin III Baron FitzWarin

(The tale of Fulk FitzWarin has been noted for its parallels to the Robin Hood legend.)

Fulk III FitzWarin (c. 1160–1258) (alias Fulke, Fouke, FitzWaryn, FitzWarren, Fitz Warine, etc., Latinised to Fulco Filius Warini, "Fulk son of Warin") was a powerful marcher lord seated at Whittington Castle in Shropshire in England on the border with Wales, and also at Alveston in Gloucestershire.

He rebelled against King John (1199-1216) from 1200 to 1203,[2] mainly over a dispute concerning his familial right to Whittington Castle, and was declared an outlaw.

He was the subject of the famous mediaeval legend or "ancestral romance" entitled Fouke le Fitz Waryn, which relates the story of his life as an outlaw and his struggle to regain his patrimony from the king.

He founded, between 1221 and 1226, Alberbury Priory in Shropshire which he granted to the Augustinian canons of Lilleshall but later transferred to the Order of Grandmont.

His grandson was Fulk V FitzWarin, 1st Baron FitzWarin (1251-1315).[3]

Origins

Fulk III was the son of Fulk II FitzWarin (died 1197) by his wife Hawise le Dinan, a daughter and co-heiress of Josce de Dinan.[4] Fulk II was a marcher lord [lord of the marche] of Shropshire,[5] the son and heir of Fulk I FitzWarin (d.1170/1) of Whittington and Alveston, who himself was the son of (in Norman French Fitz, in modern French fils de) the family's earliest known ancestor, thus deemed the family patriarch, "Warin of Metz", from Lorraine (hence FitzWarin and fil de Warin).[4]

Earliest ancestry

Warin of Metz the patriarch is however a "shadowy or mythical figure",[4] about whom little is certain (though among "professional" anthropological, archaeological, and genealogical circles, real personages are often skeptically cast aside and branded mythical, mythological or legendary, simply because they haven't be able to obtain enough data on an historic figure - even when records actually exist). The later medieval romance Fouke le Fitz Waryn gives his name as "Warin de Metz". Whatever his true place of origin it is however generally believed that the head of the Warin family came to England during the reign of William the Conqueror (1066-1087). Neither the father nor his sons were, during that reign, tenants-in-chief; that is to say, important vassals or feudal barons, rather their grants of lands were obtained from later kings.[6]

Fulk I (d.1170/1) was rewarded by King Henry II (1154-1189) for his support of his mother Empress Matilda in her civil war with King Stephen (1135-1154) and conferred to him in 1149 the manor of Whadborough in Leicestershire and in 1153 the royal manor of Alveston in Gloucestershire. Fulk II held those properties after the death of his father in 1171.[7]

Land dispute:

At some time before 1178 Fulk II (d.1197) married Hawise de Dinan, daughter and wealthy co-heiress of Josce de Dinan who held Ludlow Castle in the Welsh marches for the Empress Matilda during the civil war between herself and King Stephen.[8] Throughout his lifetime he encountered numerous problems in receiving his patrimony and his other claims to land. These land disputes included estates his father held in-chief from the crown and others which he had held from the Peverel family as overlords.

Other lawsuits concerned Whittington Castle held by the Peverels during the reign of King Stephen. Although he won the right to Whittington in or about 1195, he never received formal legal seisin and it remained in Welsh hands at the time of his death in 1197.[9]

Whittington Castle lies on the English side of Offa's Dyke, which during the Norman era and before was the border between England and Wales. The site was fortified as a castle by William Peverel in 1138, in support of Empress Matilda, the daughter of King Henry I (1100-1135), in her struggle (known as The Anarchy) for the throne against King Stephen (1135-1154), grandson of William the Conqueror. In the late 1140s the lordship of Whittington, like Oswestry and Overton, ceased to be part of England and became part of the Welsh Kingdom of Powys and a Welsh marcher lordship.[10] In 1165 Henry II granted the castle of Whittington on Roger de Powis, a Welsh leader, to whom he gave funds for its repair in about 1173.[11] Roger de Powis was followed by his son Meurig (or Maurice), who was followed by his son Werennoc. A rival claim was made by Fulk III FitzWarin (c. 1160–1258).[2][12]

Rebellions:

Fulk III continued the claim to Whittington made by his father. After his father's death in 1197 Fulk III offered relief of £100 for the inheritance of Whittington. However Maurice of Powis (d.1200), the son of Roger of Powis, who had offered half that amount, on 11 April 1200 was granted Whittington by King John. Again, after Maurice's death in August 1200, King John granted it to Maurice's heirs.[13]

It is not known why King John refused to recognize Fulk's claim to Whittington as his rightful inheritance but by April 1201 Fulk was in open rebellion against the King. He was accompanied by approximately fifty-two followers including his brothers William, Phillip and John, his cousins, and by the family's many tenants and allies in the Marches. [2][12]

Fulk's rebellion is not related in detail by chroniclers but was clearly considerable as in the spring of 1201, while King John crossed into Normandy and Poitou to suppress a revolt by the Lusignans,[14] he ordered Hubert de Burgh, with 100 knights, to counter the rebellion of Fulk and William Marsh, a Somersetshire knight who was raiding shipping off the coast of Devon.[15]

In July 1202 Fulk and his men are reported to have taken refuge in Stanley Abbey in Wiltshire. Another man, Gilbert de Duure, is mentioned in records as "...having been an outlaw associated with Fulk Fitz Warin". Yet another, Eustace de Kivilly, was pardoned earlier in 1202 by King John for "being associated with Fulk".[16]

After many years of being an outlaw, on 11 November 1203 Fulk was pardoned together with over thirty of his followers, including his brothers William, Phillip and John and his cousins. In October 1204, on payment of a fine of 200 marks, Fulk at last received "right and inheritance" in Whittington.[17] Whittington Castle thereafter descended in the FitzWarin family, all subsequent holders bearing the first-name Fulk, until the death of Fulk XI FitzWarin, 7th Baron FitzWarin (1405-1420) in 1420.[18]

In 1207 Fulk III was clearly highly regarded by many of the king's barons as evidenced by the identity of men known to have provided surety for Fulk's fine of 1,200 marks to marry the heiress daughter of Robert le Vavasur. The suretors included the Peverels, Alan Basset, William de Braose (d.1230), a de Lacy, William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford.[19]

On 9 February 1214, when King John again set sail for Poitou, Fulk was among the barons who accompanied him. He is believed then to have been a vassal of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Gloucester.[20]

In 1215 Fulk was one of many giving great trouble to the Sheriff of Shropshire. Before 1216 and the accession of the infant King Henry III (1216-1272), John's son, Fulk's manor of Alveston had been seized by the crown and in the following year 1217 all of his other lands in Gloucestershire were likewise seized. By 1218 however Fulk had made peace and his lands were ordered restored by the regents of Henry III.[21]

By 1220 Fulk had regained some favour with the young King Henry III and had been allowed to rebuild and fortify Whittington. In 1223 however it fell to Llywelyn the Great, prince of Wales. Fulk regained it the following year although his disputes with Llywelyn continued and more of Fulk's lands were seized.[22]

By 1228 a truce seems to have been reached between Fulk and Llywelyn following the intervention of the king.[23] Throughout these years Fulk's relations with the King were changeable and seemed to be directly dependent on the state of affairs in Wales. As a marcher lord Fulk's role as a protector of the English border against the Welsh was vital to the English King. He arbitrated several border disputes on behalf of the King and although there were more personal disagreements, there were no more rebellions on the part of Fulk III.[24]

Marriages and progeny

Fulk III FitzWarin married twice:

Firstly, in about 1207, to Maud le Vavasour (d.1226), (alias Matilda), daughter of Robert le Vavasour and widow of the powerful Lancashire baron Theobald Walter.[25] He secured pledges for the marriage from his brother William and from Maud's father, Robert le Vavasour, who was a tenant of the feudal barony of Skipton in Yorkshire.[26][27] Maud died in 1226 and was buried at her husband's foundation Alberbury Priory (alias New Abbey, Alberbury) in Shropshire.[28][29][30] He had the following progeny by Maud le Vavasour:

• Fulk IV FitzWarin (d.1264)[31]
• Fulk Glas[31]
• Hawise FitzWarin, wife of William Pantulf, a Marcher Lord[31]
• Joan FitzWarin[31]
• Eva FitzWarin[31]

Fulk married secondly to Clarice de Auberville, daughter and heiress of Robert de Auberville of Iden and Iham, Sussex (a great-grandson of Ranulf de Glanvill) by his wife Clarice de Gestling.[32][33][34] The progeny from this second marriage appears to have been a single surviving daughter:

• Mabel FitzWarin (−1297), who married 1stly William de Crevequer (no issue), and 2ndly John de Tregoz, Lord Tregoz (d. before 6 Sept 1300), by whom she had two daughters and coheirs, Clarice and Sybil[28][31]

Death & burial

Fulk III lived to a great age and at some time before his death in 1258, he handed over control of much of his responsibilities to his son and heir Fulk IV. In 1252 he made his will in which he stated his wish to be buried at the priory he founded, Alberbury Priory.[35]

Romance of Fouke le Fitz Waryn

After Foulk's death he became the subject the famous "ancestral romance" known as Fouke le Fitz Waryn, which contains a highly embellished account of his life and family history.[36]

The biography of Fulk III survives in a French prose "ancestral romance", extant in a manuscript containing English, French and Latin texts, which is based on a lost verse romance. A 16th-century summary of a Middle English version has also been preserved. The work is part of the Matter of England.[37] The outline of the work is as follows. As a young boy, Fulk was sent to the court of King Henry II (1154-1189), where he grew up with the king's younger son, the future King John (1199-1216). John became his enemy after a childhood quarrel during a game of chess. As an adult, King John retained his animosity toward Fulk whom he stripped of his ancestral holdings. Fulk thereupon took to the woods as an outlaw and lived a life of adventure. The story may in fact have confused aspects of the lives of two FitzWarins, Fulk I (d. 1171) and Fulk II (d. 1197), father and son. The romance of Fulk FitzWarin is noted for its parallels to the legend of Robin Hood.[38]

References

Please see Darrell Wolcott: Welsh Origins of the Peverel Family; http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id50.html. (Steven Ferry, April 15, 2020.)

1. Jump up ^ Arms of Fulk V FitzWarin, St George's Roll of Arms, 1285, briantimms.com, St George's Roll, part 1, no. E69
2. ^ Jump up to: a b c Kathryn Bedford, 'Fouke le Fitz Waryn: Outlaw or Chivalric Hero?', British outlaws of literature and history: essays on medieval and early modern figures from Robin Hood to Twm Shon Catty, ed. Alexander L Kaufman (Jefferson, NC : McFarland & Co., 2011), p. 97
3. Jump up ^ GEC Complete Peerage, vol.V, p.495, Baron FitzWarin
4. ^ Jump up to: a b c GEC Complete Peerage, vol.V, p.495, note (c)
5. Jump up ^ Sidney Painter, The Reign of King John (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press 1964) p. 49
6. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), p. 34
7. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), pp. 34, 35
8. Jump up ^ Louis Branden, The history of Fulk Fitz-Warine (Alexander Moring Ltd., De la more Press London 1905) p. xi
9. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), p. 35
10. Jump up ^ P. Brown, P. King, and P. Remfry, 'Whittington Castle: The marcher fortress of the Fitz Warin family', Shropshire Archaeology and History LXXIX (2004), 106–127.
11. Jump up ^ John Northall, Whittington Castle
12. ^ Jump up to: a b Sidney Painter, The Reign of King John (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press 1964) p. 52
13. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), p. 36
14. Jump up ^ Sidney Painter, The Reign of King John (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press 1964) p. 157
15. Jump up ^ Sidney Painter, The Reign of King John (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press 1964) pp. 48, 84
16. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), p. 38
17. Jump up ^ Louis Branden, The history of Fulk Fitz-Warine (Alexander Moring Ltd., De la more Press London 1905) p. xii]
18. Jump up ^ Sidney Painter, The Reign of King John (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press 1964) pps. 51–52
19. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), p. 39
20. Jump up ^ Sidney Painter, The Reign of King John (Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins Press 1964) pp. 280, 294.
21. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), pp. 41, 43
22. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), p. 42
23. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), p. 41
24. Jump up ^ Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Warin Families 1066–1272, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980), pp. 42, 43, 45
25. Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, ed. Vicary Gibbs, Vol. II (London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., 1912). p. 448
26. Jump up ^ Max Lieberman, The Medieval Marches of Wales: The Creation and perception of a Frontier, 1066 (Cambridge University Press 2010), p 87-97
27. Jump up ^ Emma Cavell, “The Burial of Noblewomen in Thirteenth-Century Shropshire,” Thirteenth Century England XI, eds. Björn Weiler; Janet Burton; Phillipp Schofield & Karen Stöber, Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press, 2007, p. 174 & note 2.
28. ^ Jump up to: a b Emma Cavell, “The Burial of Noblewomen in Thirteenth-Century Shropshire,” Thirteenth Century England XI, eds. Björn Weiler; Janet Burton; Phillipp Schofield & Karen Stöber, Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press, 2007, p. 174 & n. 2.
29. Jump up ^ Sir Bernard Burke, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms, Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire, Burke's Peerage/Genealogical Publishing Co., 1883, Reprinted 1985. 1996, p. 213
30. Jump up ^ George Edward Cokayne, The Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant Extinct or Dormant, The Hon. Vicary Gibbs, London: The St. Catherine Press, Ltd., Volume II Bass to Canning, 1912, p. 448.
31. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Janet Meisel, Barons of the Welsh Frontier: The Corbet, Pantulf, and Fitz Waren Families, 1066–1272 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1944), p. 37
32. Jump up ^ John P. Ravilious, "CP Correction: Fulk 'III' FitzWarin and His Descendants," 3 May 2003, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com
33. Jump up ^ J. Ravilious, The ancestry of Clarice, wife of Robert de Auberville, 30 Dec 2013, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com .
34. Jump up ^ Douglas Richardson, "C.P. Addition: Clarice de Auberville, wife of Sir Fulk Fitz Warin", 9 Dec 2005, GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com .
35. Jump up ^ Discover Shropshire
36. Jump up ^ Kathryn Bedford, 'Fouke le Fitz Waryn: Outlaw or Chivalric Hero?', British outlaws of literature and history: essays on medieval and early modern figures from Robin Hood to Twm Shon Catty, ed. Alexander L Kaufman (Jefferson, NC : McFarland & Co., 2011), pp. 99–99
37. Jump up ^ Boundaries in medieval romance, Neil Cartlidge, DS Brewer, 2008, ISBN 1-84384-155-X, 9781843841555. pp. 29–42
38. Jump up ^ Introduction to Fouke le Fitz Waryn, edited by Stephen Knight and Thomas H. Ohlgren, originally published in Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales, Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 1997.

Further reading

• Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004, Vol "F", pp. 953–4, FitzWarin family
• Rock, Catherine A. (2011) "Fouke le Fitz Waryn and King John: Rebellion and Reconciliation". In Alexander L. Kaufman (Ed.), British Outlaws of Literature and History: Essays on Medieval and Early Modern Figures from Robin Hood to Twm Shon Catty. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-5877-1
• L'Histoire de Foulques FitzWarin, A Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant, as Administered in Ireland, John Smith Furlong, 1845
• Wright, Thomas, (Ed.) The History of Fulk FitzWarin, an Outlawed Baron, in the Reign of King John. Edited from a Manuscript Preserved in the British Museum, with an English Translation and Illustrative Notes, London, 1855, Printed for the Warton Club. pp. 1–183 text, pp. 183–231 notes.
• From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulk_FitzWarin

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• Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 19
• Fitzwarine, Fulk by Henry Richard Tedder
• FITZWARINE, FULK, was the name of several persons living in Shropshire in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, some of whose actions are attributed to one individual in the romance of ‘Foulques FitzWarin.’ Fulk Fitzwarine I was the second son of Warin de Metz, and of a daughter of the Peverels, then very powerful in Shropshire and the marches. He was the head of his family in 1156, when Henry II had given him the Gloucestershire manor of Alveston (R. W. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, vii. 67), and died 1170–1. He had four sons, of whom the eldest, Fulk II, married Hawise, daughter and coheiress of Joceas of Dinan, and is traditionally stated to have made a claim upon Ludlow, which was never allowed (ib. vii. 69). The Shropshire Pipe Roll of 1177 shows that he had been amerced forty merks by Henry II for forest trespass. About 1180 he successfully disputed the right of Shrewsbury Abbey to the advowson of Alberbury. Ten years later he was fined 100l. for his wife's share of an inheritance (Rot. Pipe, 2 Ric. I, ‘Wilts’), and through her probably acquired an interest in several Wiltshire manors (Testa de Nevill, 1807, p. 150). On 6 Nov. 1194 he was named as attorney for his wife in a suit of mort d'ancestre on account of lands in the same county (Rot. Curiæ Regis, 1835, i. 35, 37); and was fined ten merks to be excused transfretation to Normandy (Rot. Canc. de 3° Joannis, 1833, p. 122). In 1195 he is entered as owing forty merks for the castle of Whittington adjudged to him in the curia regis. The fine remained unliquidated in 1202 (ib. p. 225). He died in 1197. Next year his widow paid thirty merks that she might not be obliged to remarry (Rot. Pipe, 10 Ric. I, ‘Wilts’). Her name constantly appears as a litigant down to 1226 (Testa de Nevill, 1807, p. 128). Fulk had six sons, of whom the eldest, Fulk III, in the year ending Michaelmas 1200, was ‘fined 100l. with King John to have judgment concerning Witinton Castle and its appurtenances as his right, which had been adjudged to him by consideration of the curia regis’ (Eyton, Antiquities, vii. 72). The king was bribed by Meuric de Powis to confirm the latter in the possession of Whittington, whereupon in 1201 Fulk, his brothers, and friends rebelled. The traditional story of the rebellion may be seen in the romance mentioned later. The outlawry was revoked by patent dated from Rouen, 11 Nov. 1203 (Rot. Patent, 1835, i. 36). In the next year John restored Whittington (ib. i. 46). Probably before 1 Oct. 1207 Fulk married Matilda, daughter of Robert le Vavasour, and widow of Theobald Walter. He received several marks of favour from the king (Rot. Litt. Claus. an. 9° et an. 14° Joannis, 1833, i. 92, 126, 129), and was with him in 1212 at Allerton and Durham (Rot. Chart. in turri Lond. asserv. 1837, i. pt. i. 187, 188), and at Bere Regis in 1213 (ib. pp. 193, 199). In 1215 he was making war upon his neighbours, had lost the royal favour, and had been despoiled of fiefs (Rot. Litt. Claus. i. 270). He was one of the malcontent barons who met at Stamford and Brackley in 1215 (Matt. Paris, Chronica, 1874, ii. 585), and was among those specially excommunicated in the bull of Innocent III of 16 Dec. (Rymer, Fœdera, 1816, i. 139). Henry III bestowed some of the lands of the rebellious baron upon his own adherents (Testa de Nevill, pp. 45, 48, 49, 55, 56). The king styles him ‘manifestus inimicus noster’ in 1217 (Rot. Litt. Claus. i. 321). Fulk made his peace in the following year (ib. pp. 352, 376). Some time between 1220 and 1230 he founded Alberbury Priory. In 1221 and 1222 sufficient confidence was not placed in him to be permitted to strengthen Whittington without giving security for loyal behaviour (ib. i. 460, 520). Full seisin was granted to him by writs of 11 July and 9 Oct. 1223 (ib. pp. 554, 565). On 30 June 1245 an assembly of the barons sent him as their representative to order the papal nuncio to quit the country (Matt. Paris, Chronica, iv. 420). His first wife having died he married Clarice de Auberville (Excerpta e Rot. Fin. 1836, ii. 89). He probably died about 1256–1257. The romance states that he was blind during the last seven years of his life. He died before August 1260, and his affairs were managed for some time before his death by his son, Fulk IV, who was drowned at the battle of Lewes in 1264. By the death of an infant in 1420 the elder male line of this family became extinct. Eleven Fulk Fitzwarines in succession bore the same christian name.
• In the traditional history Fulk I is omitted, and the career of his two successors combined as that of ‘Fouke le Brun,’ the outlaw and popular hero. We are told how he roamed through the country with his four brothers (recalling the ‘Quatre Fils Aimon’), cousins, and friends, and the nimble-witted jongleur, John de Rampayne, seeking forest adventures of the Robin Hood type, spoiling the king, and succouring the poor, and how he was twice compelled to quit England and encounter sea perils from the Orkneys to Barbary. The story is preserved in a single manuscript in French in the British Museum (Reg. 12, c. xii.), first printed privately by Sir T. Duffus Hardy, and then published as 'Histoire de Foulques Fitz-Warin, par Francisque Michel,' Paris, 1840, large 8vo, and with an English translation and notes by Thomas Wright for the Warton Club in 1855. It is included by L. Moland and C. d'Héricault in 'Nouvelles Francises en prose du xive siecle,' Paris, 1858, 12mo. The text and a new translation are given in J. Stevenson's edition of 'Radulphi de Coggeshall Chronicon' (Rolls Series, 1875). The manuscript was transcribed before 1320, and is evidently paraphrased from an earlier record written before the end of the thirteenth century in octosyllabic verses, some of which remain unaltered. An English version in alliterative verse was seen by Leland, who reproduces 'Thinges excerptid owte of an old Englisch boke yn Ryme of the Gestes of Guarine' (Collectanea, 1774, i. 230-7). Pierre de Langtoft of Bridlington (Cottonian MS. Julius A. v.), writing probably before 1320, refers to the romance, and Robert de Brunne, writing about the same period, says :
  • Thus of dan Waryn in his boke men rede.
• It is a compilation from family records and traditions first put into shape by 'an Anglo-Norman trouvere in the service of that great and powerful family, and displays an extraordinarily minute knowledge of the topography of the borders of Wales, and more especially of Ludlow and its immediate neighbourhood' (T. Wright's ed. 1855, p. xv). There are historical anachronisms and other inaccuracies. As a story it is full of interest.
• [Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, ii. 2-12, vii. 66-99, xi. 29-42; T. Wright's Sketch of Ludlow Castle, 2nd ed. 1856, and Essays on the Middle Ages, 1846, ii. 147-63 ; Frere's Bibliographe Normand, 1860, ii. 616, 619; Histoire Littéraire de la France, 1877, xxvii. 164-86; Revue Contemporaine, 1858, iii. 308-17; Ward's Cat. of Romances in the British Museum, 1883, i. 501-8. The account of the Fitzwarines by Dugdale (Baronage, 1675, pp. 443, &c.) is full of errors.]
• From: http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Fitzwarine,_Fulk_(DNB00)
• https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofnati19stepuoft#page/223/mode... to https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofnati19stepuoft#page/224/mode... __________________________
• Fulk Fitzwarin
• Birth: 1160 Whittington, Shropshire Unitary Authority, Shropshire, England
• Death: unknown Whittington, Shropshire Unitary Authority, Shropshire, England
• This memorial is dedicated to my ancestor Fulk Fitzwarin.
• He was also called Fulke or Fouke FitzWaryn or FitzWarren.
• Fulk a medieval landed gentleman turned outlaw, from Whittington Castle in the English county of Shropshire. The traditional story of his life survives in a French prose "ancestral romance", extant in a miscellaneous manuscript containing English, French and Latin texts, which is based on a lost verse romance. A 16th century summary of a Middle English version has also been preserved.
• According to the tale, as a young boy, Fulk was sent to the court of King Henry II, where he grew up with the future King John. John became his enemy after a childhood quarrel. As an adult, Fulk was stripped of his family's holdings, and took to the woods as an outlaw. His wife was Maud le Vavasour. The story may combine aspects of the lives of two Fulk Fitzwarins, father and son, who lived in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Fulk's parents were Fulk"Brunin" FitzWarin and Hawise de Dinan.
• The tale of Fulk Fitzwarin has been noted for its parallels to the Robin Hood legend. It is also similar to that of other medieval outlaws such as Eustace the Monk and Hereward the Wake.
• Another legend of Fulk Fitzwarin, the great grandson of Payne Peveril and one in the line of guardians of the Grail and King Arthur. A story from the 13th century states that the Grail was kept in a private chapel of the castle when Sir Foulke was there. The coat of arms of Fulk FitzWarin is hung above the castle archway.
• Between the years 1221 and 1226 Fulk founded Alberbuty Priory, which he granted to the Augustinian canons of Lilleshall but later transferred it to the Order of Grandmont. In 1252 he made his will which stated his wish to be buried at his foundation of Alberbury Priory.
• descendants of Fulk and Maud
• Sibyl Tregoz Grandison
• Catherine Grandison Montagu
• Benjamin Franklin Dollar
• Ethel Dollar Brown
• Louis Brown
• Family links:
• Parents:
• Fulk Fitzwarin (____ - 1197)
• Hawise de Dinan (____ - 1226)
• Spouse:
• Maud le Vavasour (1176 - 1226)
• Sibling:
• Fulk Fitzwarin (1160 - ____)
• Eve FitzWarin (1169 - ____)*
• Burial: Alberbury Priory, Alberbury, Shropshire Unitary Authority, Shropshire, England
• Find A Grave Memorial# 57359571
• From: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSln=fitzwarin&GSf... ____________________

Fulk FitzWarin (also called Fulke or Fouke FitzWaryn or FitzWarren) was a medieval landed gentleman turned outlaw, from Whittington Castle in the English county of Shropshire. The traditional story of his life survives in a French prose "ancestral romance", extant in a miscellaneous manuscript containing English, French and Latin texts, which is based on a lost verse romance. A 16th century summary of a Middle English version has also been preserved.

According to the tale, as a young boy, Fulk was sent to the court of King Henry II, where he grew up with the future King John. John became his enemy after a childhood quarrel. As an adult, Fulk was stripped of his family's holdings, and took to the woods as an outlaw. The story may combine aspects of the lives of two Fulk FitzWarins, father and son, who lived in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. The tale of Fulk FitzWarin has been noted for its parallels to the Robin Hood legend. (See the Introduction to Fouke le Fitz Waryn, edited by Stephen Knight and Thomas H. Ohlgren, originally published in Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales, Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 1997.) It is also similar to that of other medieval outlaws such as Eustace the Monk and Hereward the Wake.

A modern fictional re-telling of Fitzwarin's story can be found in Elizabeth Chadwick's Lords of the White Castle. The book Shadows and Strongholds tells of the loss of the familial holding of Whittington to the Welsh family of Powys and of the relationship between Brunin Fitzwarin (later, Fulke Le Brun, father of Fulke Fitzwarin) and Hawise de Dinan (later Hawise Fitzwarin, mother to Fulke Fitzwarin). Fulk Fitzwarin II is included in the stained glass window at St Laurences Church Ludlow.

References

• Fouke le Fitz Waryn, edited by Stephen Knight and Thomas H. Ohlgren, originally published in Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales, Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 1997.
• DeGidio, Wanda Ware. Ware Family History Descendants from Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Kings and Queens, and Presidents of the United States. [Philadelphia, Pa.]: Xlibris Corp, 2003. googlebooks Accessed December 8, 2007.

External links

• Fouke le Fitz Waryn at TEAMS Middle English Texts
• L'Histoire de Foulques FitzWarin, A Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant, as Administered in Ireland, John Smith Furlong, 1845

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Fulk+FitzWarin

Given the 12th and 13th cty references, I would estimate that these are these two.

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Fulk FitzWarin (also called Fulke or Fouke FitzWaryn or FitzWarren) was a medieval landed gentleman turned outlaw, from Whittington Castle in the English county of Shropshire. The traditional story of his life survives in a French prose "ancestral romance", extant in a miscellaneous manuscript containing English, French and Latin texts, which is based on a lost verse romance.

A 16th century summary of a Middle English version has also been preserved.

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May have been the inspiration for Robin Hood; he was a medieval landed gentleman who was forced to become an outlaw in the early 13th century. He rebelled against King John (1199-1216) from 1200 to 1203,mainly over a dispute concerning his familial right to Whittington Castle.

Courtesy; of Find a Grave

Fulk a medieval landed gentleman turned outlaw, from Whittington Castle in the English county of Shropshire. The traditional story of his life survives in a French prose "ancestral romance", extant in a miscellaneous manuscript containing English, French and Latin texts, which is based on a lost verse romance. A 16th century summary of a Middle English version has also been preserved.

According to the tale, as a young boy, Fulk was sent to the court of King Henry II, where he grew up with the future King John. John became his enemy after a childhood quarrel. As an adult, Fulk was stripped of his family's holdings.

This memorial is dedicated to my ancestor Fulk Fitzwarin. He was also called Fulke or Fouke FitzWaryn or FitzWarren. Fulk a medieval landed gentleman turned outlaw, from Whittington Castle in the English county of Shropshire. The traditional story of his life survives in a French prose "ancestral romance", extant in a miscellaneous manuscript containing English, French and Latin texts, which is based on a lost verse romance. A 16th century summary of a Middle English version has also been preserved.

According to the tale, as a young boy, Fulk was sent to the court of King Henry II, where he grew up with the future King John. John became his enemy after a childhood quarrel. As an adult, Fulk was stripped of his family's holdings, and took to the woods as an outlaw. His wife was Maud le Vavasour. The story may combine aspects of the lives of two Fulk Fitz Warins, father and son, who lived in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Fulk's parents were Fulk "Brunin" Fitz Warin and Hawise de Dinan. The tale of Fulk Fitz Warin has been noted for its parallels to the Robin Hood legend. It is also similar to that of other medieval outlaws such as Eustace the Monk and Hereward the Wake.

Another legend of Fulk Fitz Warin, the great grandson of Payne Peveril and one in the line of guardians of the Grail and King Arthur. A story from the 13th century states that the Grail was kept in a private chapel of the castle when Sir Foulke was there. The coat of arms of Fulk Fitz Warin is hung above the castle archway.

Between the years 1221 and 1226 Fulk founded Alberbuty Priory, which he granted to the Augustinian canons of Lilleshall but later transferred it to the Order of Grandmont.

In 1252 he made his will which stated his wish to be buried at his foundation of Alberbury Priory. descendants of Fulk and Maud and took to the woods as an outlaw.

http://familytrees.genopro.com/Azrael/Skaggs/Fitzwarin-Fulk-ind1323... Male Fulk Fitzwarin III Click to view Fulk Fitzwarin III in the family tree

Fulk was born in 1185 in Whittington, Shropshire, England.1 Fulk's father was Fulk Fitzwarin and his mother was Hawise de Dinan. His paternal grandparents were Guarine de Meer and Melette Peverel; his maternal grandparents were Josce de Dinat and <Unknown>. He had two brothers and a sister, named William, John and Eve. He died at the age of 78 in 1263.1 General Notes Fulke FitzWarine, who had a castle at Adderbury, the ruins of which were remaining at the time that Dugdale wrote. (Latter part of the 17th century.) This Fulke was left by Richard I to defend the Marches of Wales when that monarch set out himself for the Holy Land; and in the 7th of the same reign, 1196, he paid 40 marks to the crown for livery of Whittington Castle, in conformity with the judgment then given in his favour by the court of the King's Bench. After the accession of King John, however, this castle was seized by the crown and conferred on another person, which act drove FitzWarine and his brothers into rebellion, and they were in consequence outlawed; but through the mediation of the Earl of Salisbury, the King's brother, and the Bishop of Norwich, the outlawry was reversed and FitzWarine, upon paying 200 marks, and two courses, had livery of the Castle as his hereditary right; command being given to the Sheriff of Shropshire to yield him possession thereof accordingly. About this time he paid the crown 1,200 marks and two palfreys for permission to marry Maud, daughter of Robert Vavasour and widow of Theobald Walter. In the 12th of King John, 1211, he attended that prince into Ireland, and in the 17th he had livery of his wife's inheritance, lying in Amundernesse, in Lancashire. (Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, page 484)

Fulk FitzWarin (also called Fulke or Fouke FitzWaryn or FitzWarren) was a medieval landed gentleman turned outlaw, from Whittington Castle in Shropshire. The traditional story of his life survives in an "ancestral romance", extant in English, French and Latin versions, which is based on a lost verse romance.

According to the tale, Fulk FitzWarin was, as a young boy, sent to the court of King Henry II, where he grew up with the future King John. The latter becomes his enemy after a childhood quarrel. When he grows up, Fulk is stripped of his family's holdings, and takes to the woods as an outlaw. The story probably confuses the lives of two Fulk FitzWarins, father and son, who lived in the late 12th and early 13th centuries.

The tale of Fulk FitzWarin has been noted for its parallels to the Robin Hood legend. It is also similar to that of other medieval outlaws such as Eustace the Monk and Hereward the Wake. A modern fictional re-telling of Fitzwarin's story can be found in Elizabeth Chadwick's Lords of the White Castle. The book Shadows and Strongholds tells of the loss of the familial holding of Whittington to the Welsh family of Powys and of the relationship between Brunin Fitzwarin (later, Fulke Le Brun, father of Fulke Fitzwarin) and Hawise de Dinan (later Hawise Fitzwarin, mother to Fulke Fitzwarin).

https://myndandmist.wordpress.com/2012/05/10/fulk-fitzwarin-or-shro...

Fulk FitzWarin, or Shropshire’s Real Robin Hood May 10, 2012 by The Line, the Lash and the Curl Fulk FitzWarin heraldic arms earthenware floor tile, 13th Century Fulk FitzWarin heraldic arms earthenware floor tile, 13th Century Earlier this week, my four-year-old became the proud owner of a copy of Marcia Williams’ fabulous comic-strip retelling of The Adventures Of Robin Hood. We’ve now read it several times, and it prompted me to check my shiny new copy of The Folklore of Shropshire by Roy Palmer to see if the Robin Hood legend had ever made its way over to the Marches.

Well, it had. For a start I discovered that Robin Hood’s Butt – a Bronze Age tumulus – lies just a couple of miles from where I am in Ludlow at the moment, near the racecourse in Bromfield. The legend claims that Robin climbed a tree that once stood here and shot an arrow at the tower of St Laurence’s Church in the centre of Ludlow, some two miles away, but his aim fell short and the arrow embedded itself in the chancel roof. A neat little tale, but the truth is rather more pedestrian: the iron arrow was the emblem of the Palmers’ Guild of Ludlow.

A little more digging, however, revealed something rather more exciting. Early 13th-Century Shropshire seems to have had its own outlaw, in the form of Fulk FitzWarin…

This legend, like most, has its basis in fact. Fulk FitzWarin III did exist, and lived from 1204 until his death in 1258 at Whittington Castle in Shropshire; he was a baron, and a contemporary of King John. The tale I shall outline here is most likely a highly romanticised version of events that occurred at the end of the 12th century, after the death of Fulk FitzWarin II (our hero’s father).

The tale of Fulk begins at King Henry II’s court, where he spent time as a child. Fulk and the young Prince John came to blows over a game of chess; John, on running to his father, was scolded for telling tales. John was to brood on this perceived injustice for many years, eventually taking his revenge when he ascended the English throne in 1199.

He prevented Fulk from claiming his rights as heir of Whittington Castle after the death of his father, instead passing the estate to a rival, Morys FitzRoger. Fulk retaliated by murdering FitzRoger and branding himself an outlaw. For three years he stalked the woods of Shropshire, ambushing the unwary and robbing them. His moment came when he accosted King John and his hunting party; disguised as a charcoal-maker, he lured the King into the forest by promising to show him a particularly fine stag. On capturing the King he struck a bargain: he would release John and his men in return for his rightful ownership of the Whittington estate.

John agreed but soon reneged on his bargain; Fulk remained an outlaw for several years, and stories of his exploits during this time vary wildly. Some portray him as a crusader for the poor, distributing the spoils of his robberies among them, while others claim he was a dangerous, bloodthirsty criminal.

He eventually received a pardon in 1203, when King John permitted him to return to his ancestral home.

The parallels with Robin Hood are clear, and it surprised me that I hadn’t come across the legend of Fulk FitzWarin before. A quick scan of my own little collection of folk tales and mythology books didn’t reveal much, which is a shame, as this is a fabulous little tale with its tangled knots of fact and fantasy.

There are some excellent resources online for further reading:

BBC History page on the Legend of Robin Hood

Fouke Le Fitz Warin: A translation by Thomas E. Kelly

The History Of Fulk Fitz-Warine: A translation by Alice Kemp-Welch