Sergey Brin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin

Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin (Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин; born August 21, 1973) is an American software engineer and Internet entrepreneur. Together with Larry Page, he co-founded Google. Brin was the president of Google's parent company, Alphabet Inc., until stepping down from the role on December 3, 2019.[3] Brin and Larry Page remain at Alphabet as co-founders, controlling shareholders, board members, and employees. As of July 2020, Brin is the 7th-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$67.6 billion.[4][5]

Brin immigrated to the United States with his family from the Soviet Union at the age of six. He earned his bachelor's degree at the University of Maryland, College Park, following in his father's and grandfather's footsteps by studying mathematics, as well as computer science. After graduation, he enrolled in Stanford University to acquire a PhD in computer science. There he met Page, with whom he built a web search engine. The program became popular at Stanford, and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in Susan Wojcicki's garage in Menlo Park.[6]

Brin was born on August 21, 1973, in Moscow in the Soviet Union,[7] to Jewish parents,[8] Eugenia and Mikhail Brin, both graduates of Moscow State University (MSU).[9] His father is a retired mathematics professor at the University of Maryland, and his mother a researcher at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.[10][11]

The Brin family lived in a three-room apartment in central Moscow, which they also shared with Sergey's paternal grandmother.[10] In 1977, after his father returned from a mathematics conference in Warsaw, Poland, Mikhail Brin announced that it was time for the family to emigrate.[10] They formally applied for their exit visa in September 1978, and as a result, his father was "promptly fired". For related reasons, his mother had to leave her job. For the next eight months, without any steady income, they were forced to take on temporary jobs as they waited, afraid their request would be denied as it was for many refuseniks. In May 1979, they were granted their official exit visas and were allowed to leave the country.[10]

The Brin family lived in Vienna and Paris while Mikhail Brin secured a teaching position at the University of Maryland with help from Anatole Katok. During this time, the Brin family received support and assistance from the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. They arrived in the United States on October 25, 1979.[10][12]

Brin attended elementary school at Paint Branch Montessori School in Adelphi, Maryland, but he received further education at home; his father, a professor in the department of mathematics at the University of Maryland, encouraged him to learn mathematics and his family helped him retain his Russian-language skills. He attended Eleanor Roosevelt High School, Greenbelt, Maryland. In September 1990, Brin enrolled in the University of Maryland, where he received his Bachelor of Science from the Department of Computer Science in 1993 with honors in computer science and mathematics at the age of 19.[13]

Brin began his graduate study in computer science at Stanford University on a graduate fellowship from the National Science Foundation. In 1993, he interned at Wolfram Research, the developers of Mathematica.[13] As of 2008, he was on leave from his PhD studies at Stanford.[14]

Search engine development During an orientation for new students at Stanford, he met Larry Page. They seemed to disagree on most subjects, but after spending time together they "became intellectual soul-mates and close friends." Brin's focus was on developing data mining systems while Page's was in extending "the concept of inferring the importance of a research paper from its citations in other papers".[15] Together, the pair authored a paper titled "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine".[16]

To convert the backlink data gathered by BackRub's web crawler into a measure of importance for a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm, and realized that it could be used to build a search engine far superior to existing ones.[17] The new algorithm relied on a new kind of technology that analyzed the relevance of the backlinks that connected one Web page to another, and allowed the number of links and their rank, to determine the rank of the page.[18]

Page and Brin Combining their ideas, the pair began utilizing Page's dormitory room as a machine laboratory, and extracted spare parts from inexpensive computers to create a device that they used to connect the nascent search engine with Stanford's broadband campus network.[17]

After filling Page's room with equipment, they then converted Brin's dorm room into an office and programming center, where they tested their new search engine designs on the web. The rapid growth of their project caused Stanford's computing infrastructure to experience problems.[19]

Page and Brin used the former's basic HTML programming skills to set up a simple search page for users, as they did not have a web page developer to create anything visually elaborate. They also began using any computer part they could find to assemble the necessary computing power to handle searches by multiple users. As their search engine grew in popularity among Stanford users, it required additional servers to process the queries. In August 1996, the initial version of Google was made available on the Stanford Web site.[17]

By early 1997, the BackRub page described the state as follows:

The mathematical website interlinking that the PageRank algorithm facilitates, illustrated by size-percentage correlation of the circles. The algorithm was named after Page himself. Some Rough Statistics (from August 29, 1996) Total indexable HTML urls: 75.2306 Million Total content downloaded: 207.022 gigabytes ... BackRub is written in Java and Python and runs on several Sun Ultras and Intel Pentiums running Linux. The primary database is kept on a Sun Ultra series II with 28GB of disk. Scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg have provided a great deal of very talented implementation help. Sergey Brin has also been very involved and deserves many thanks. - Larry Page page@cs.stanford.edu[20] BackRub already exhibited the rudimentary functions and characteristics of a search engine: a query input was entered and it provided a list of backlinks ranked by importance. Page recalled: "We realized that we had a querying tool. It gave you a good overall ranking of pages and ordering of follow-up pages."[21] Page said that in mid-1998 they finally realized the further potential of their project: "Pretty soon, we had 10,000 searches a day. And we figured, maybe this is really real."[19]

Some compared Page and Brin's vision to the impact of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of modern printing:

In 1440, Johannes Gutenberg introduced Europe to the mechanical printing press, printing Bibles for mass consumption. The technology allowed for books and manuscripts‍—‌originally replicated by hand‍—‌to be printed at a much faster rate, thus spreading knowledge and helping to usher in the European Renaissance ... Google has done a similar job.[22]

The comparison was also noted by the authors of The Google Story: "Not since Gutenberg ... has any new invention empowered individuals, and transformed access to information, as profoundly as Google."[23] Also, not long after the two "cooked up their new engine for web searches, they began thinking about information that was at the time beyond the web," such as digitizing books and expanding health information.[19]

Other interests Brin is working on other, more personal projects that reach beyond Google. For example, he and Page are trying to help solve the world's energy and climate problems at Google's philanthropic arm, Google.org, which invests in the alternative energy industry to find wider sources of renewable energy. The company acknowledges that its founders want "to solve really big problems using technology".[24]

In October 2010, for example, they invested in a major offshore wind power development to assist the East coast power grid,[25] which will eventually become one of about a dozen offshore wind farms that are proposed for the region.[26] A week earlier they introduced a car that, with "artificial intelligence", can drive itself using video cameras and radar sensors.[24] In the future, drivers of cars with similar sensors would have fewer accidents. These safer vehicles could, therefore, be built lighter and require less fuel consumption.[27] They are trying to get companies to create innovative solutions to increasing the world's energy supply.[28] He is an investor in Tesla Motors,[29] which has developed the Tesla Roadster (2008), a 244-mile (393 km) range battery electric vehicle as well as the Tesla Model S, a 265-mile (426 km) range battery electric vehicle.

In 2004, he and Page were named "Persons of the Week" by ABC World News Tonight. In January 2005 he was nominated to be one of the World Economic Forum's "Young Global Leaders". In June 2008, Brin invested $4.5 million in Space Adventures, the Virginia-based space tourism company. His investment will serve as a deposit for a reservation on one of Space Adventures' proposed flights in 2011. Space Adventures, the only company that sends tourists to space, has sent five of them so far.[30]

Brin and Page jointly own a customized Boeing 767-200 and a Dornier Alpha Jet,[31] and pay $1.3 million a year to house them and two Gulfstream V jets owned by Google executives at Moffett Federal Airfield. The aircraft have had scientific equipment installed by NASA to allow experimental data to be collected in flight.[32][33]

In 2012, Brin has been involved with the Project Glass program and has demoed eyeglass prototypes. Project Glass is a research and development program by Google to develop an augmented reality head-mounted display (HMD).[34] The intended purpose of Project Glass products would be the hands-free displaying of information currently available to most smartphone users,[35] and allowing for interaction with the Internet via natural language voice commands.[36]

Brin was also involved in the Google driverless car project. In September 2012, at the signing of the California Driverless Vehicle Bill,[37] Brin predicted that within five years, robotic cars will be available to the general public.[38]

Personal life

Brin in 2005 at the Web 2.0 Conference In May 2007, Brin married biotech analyst and entrepreneur Anne Wojcicki in the Bahamas.[39][40] They had a son in late 2008 and a daughter in late 2011.[41] Brin is Jewish and not religious.[42] In August 2013, it was announced that Brin and his wife were living separately after Brin had an extramarital affair with Google Glass's marketing director Amanda Rosenberg.[43][44][45] In June 2015, Brin and Wojcicki finalized their divorce.[46]

In 2018, he married Nicole Shanahan, a legal tech founder. They have a daughter, born in late 2018.[47]

Brin's mother, Eugenia, has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. In 2008, he decided to make a donation to the University of Maryland School of Medicine, where his mother is being treated.[48]

Brin and Wojcicki, although divorced, still jointly run The Brin Wojcicki Foundation.[49] They have donated extensively to The Michael J. Fox Foundation and in 2009 gave $1 million to support the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society.[12]

Sergey Brin is a donor to Democratic Party candidates and organizations, having donated $5,000 to Barack Obama's reelection campaign and $30,800 to the DNC.[50]

According to CNBC, Brin became interested in blockchain technology after building a gaming computer with his son to mine ethereum.[51]

Awards and accolades 2002–2009 In 2002, Brin, along with Larry Page, was named the MIT Technology Review TR100, as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.[52] In 2003, both Brin and Page received an honorary MBA from IE Business School "for embodying the entrepreneurial spirit and lending momentum to the creation of new businesses...".[53] In 2004, they received the Marconi Foundation Prize, the "Highest Award in Engineering", and were elected Fellows of the Marconi Foundation at Columbia University. "In announcing their selection, John Jay Iselin, the Foundation's president, congratulated the two men for their invention that has fundamentally changed the way information is retrieved today." In 2003, Brin and Page were both Award Recipients and National Finalists for the EY Entrepreneur of the Year Award[54] In 2004, Brin received the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award with Larry Page at a ceremony in Chicago, Illinois.[55] 2009–present In November 2009, Forbes decided Brin and Page were the fifth most powerful people in the world.[56] Earlier that same year, in February, Brin was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering, which is "among the highest professional distinctions accorded to an engineer ... [and] honors those who have made outstanding contributions to engineering research, practice...". He was selected specifically, "for leadership in development of rapid indexing and retrieval of relevant information from the World Wide Web".[57] In their "Profiles" of Fellows, the National Science Foundation included a number of earlier awards: he was a featured speaker at the World Economic Forum and the Technology, Entertainment and Design Conference. ... PC Magazine has praised Google in the Top 100 Web Sites and Search Engines (1998) and awarded Google the Technical Excellence Award, for Innovation in Web Application Development in 1999. In 2000, Google earned a Webby Award, a People's Voice Award for technical achievement, and in 2001, was awarded Outstanding Search Service, Best Image Search Engine, Best Design, Most Webmaster Friendly Search Engine, and Best Search Feature at the Search Engine Watch Awards.[58]

As of October 2018, Brin is the 13th-richest person in the world according to Forbes, with an estimated net worth of US$50.5 billion.[5]

סרגיי מיכאילוביץ' ברין

' (ברוסית: Сергей Михайлович Брин, באנגלית: Sergey Brin; נולד ב־21 באוגוסט 1973) הוא איש מחשבים ויזם יהודי-אמריקאי, יליד ברית המועצות. ברין ייסד יחד עם לארי פייג' את חברת גוגל, ושימש כנשיא אלפאבית עד ה-3 בדצמבר 2019. שווי ההון של סרגיי ברין הוערך בפברואר 2021 במעל 87 מיליארד דולר.[1]

ברין היגר עם הוריו לארצות הברית בגיל 6. את תוארו הראשון עשה באוניברסיטת מרילנד. כמו גם אביו וסבו, בחר ברין לעשות את תוארו הראשון במתמטיקה. את תארו השני עשה ברין במדעי המחשב. אחרי קבלת התואר, עבר ברין לאוניברסיטת סטנפורד לצורך רכישת תואר שלישי במדעי המחשב. שם פגש בלארי פייג', מי שהפך מהר מאוד להיות בן שיחו לשיחות נפש אינטלקטואליות וחברו הקרוב. הם מילאו את חדרם במעונות במחשבים זולים ויישמו בעזרתם את תוכנית כריית המידע של ברין ליצירת מנוע חיפוש עליון. התוכנה נהייתה פופולרית בסטנפורד והצמד השהה את לימודי הדוקטורט, לטובת הקמת "גוגל" במוסך שכור.

תוכן עניינים 1 ילדותו 2 השכלה 3 עניין במנועי חיפוש 4 חיים אישיים 5 לקריאה נוספת 6 קישורים חיצוניים 7 הערות שוליים ילדותו ברין נולד במוסקבה שברוסיה הסובייטית, למיכאיל וליבגניה. בשנת 1979 בגיל 6 עבר עם משפחתו לארצות הברית. בארצות הברית החל אביו לעבוד כפרופסור למתמטיקה באוניברסיטת מרילנד, שם הוא מלמד עד היום. אמו עובדת כיום בתור אנליסטית בנאס"א.

ברין נחשף למחשבים ולעולם מדעי המחשב עוד בגיל צעיר. בעת שניסו לצאת מברית המועצות החל אביו ללמוד תכנות, ובעת ילדותו של ברין החלה תעשיית המעבדים והמחשבים אישיים לצמוח. הוא קיבל את מחשבו הראשון, קומודור 64, כמתנה מאביו לרגל יום-הולדתו התשיעי.[2] הכישורים הטבעיים של ברין למתמטיקה ומיחשוב ניכרו עוד בשנותיו הראשונות בבית הספר[%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9 מקור].

השכלה עם סיום לימודיו בתיכון נרשם ברין לאוניברסיטת מרילנד, שם למד וקיבל תואר ראשון במדעי המחשב ומתמטיקה. הישגיו הקנו לו מלגה מטעם קרן המדע הלאומית האמריקאית ללימודי מוסמך באוניברסיטת סטנפורד, אותם סיים ב-1995. על אף ההתקדמות ברין לא סיים את לימודי הדוקטורט שלו.[3]

במהלך שנים אלו התלמד ברין כמתמחה בחברת המחקר של סטיבן וולפרם.

קיבל תואר שני לאות כבוד במנהל עסקים מבית ספר בינלאומי לעסקים במדריד בשם "Instituto de Empresa".

עניין במנועי חיפוש ברין פגש בשותפו לעתיד להקמת גוגל לארי פייג' בשנתו הראשונה בסטנפורד. ברין התמקד באותה העת במערכות כריית מידע בעוד שפייג' עסק בפיתוח העיקרון לפיו ניתן למדוד חשיבותו של נייר מחקר על פי ציטוטו במחקרים אחרים. השניים שילבו את ידיעותיהם לידי מסקנות בדבר מבנה החיפוש באינטרנט. מאמרם "האנטומיה של מנוע חיפוש קישורי ברשת" ("The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine") היווה הבסיס לעבודתם בהמשך.

השניים פיתחו את מנוע החיפוש שלהם והשתמשו בתשתית המחשבים של האוניברסיטה כדי לבחון אותו. עד מהרה הגיעו למסקנה כי בידיהם מנוע חיפוש בעל יכולות טובות יותר מהקיים באותה העת. השניים החליטו לזנוח את לימודי הדוקטורט שלהם לטובת המשך פיתוח המנוע החדש, אשר לימים יהפוך לגוגל. השניים החלו לגייס הון עבור הפרויקט ופתחו את חברתם המפורסמת ב-1998. עם הצלחת מנוע החיפוש החברה המשיכה להתפתח והחלה לספק שירותים נוספים לבד מחיפוש באינטרנט והייתה לאחת מחברות הענק של האינטרנט.

ברין משמש כיום כמנהל הטכנולוגי של גוגל.

חיים אישיים ב-2007 נישא לאנליסטית הביוטכנולוגיה האמריקאית-יהודייה, אן ווייציצקי(אנ') (אחותה של מנכ"לית יוטיוב, סוזן ווייציצקי). ב-2008 נולד להם בן, ובת ב-2011. באוגוסט 2013 התפרסם שברין ואשתו נפרדו, לאחר שהיה לו רומן עם מנהלת שיווק של גוגל גלאס, אמנדה רוזנברג. ביוני 2015 הוא ואשתו ווייציצקי התגרשו. מאז 2018 הוא נשוי ליזמית טכנולוגיית המשפט, ניקול שנהאן, ולהם בת שנולדה בשלהי 2018.

ברין וגרושתו ווייציצקי, עדיין מנהלים ביחד את "קרן ברין ווייציצקי". הם תרמו רבות ל"קרן של מייקל ג'יי פוקס" לחקר הפרקינסון, וב-2009 העניקו מיליון דולר לארגון האמריקאי-יהודי, "היאס", לסיוע לפליטים ומהגרים.

לקריאה נוספת איילת כרמל, תיק אישי: 40 טייקונים בינלאומיים, ידיעות אחרונות - ספרי חמד - גלובס, 2006. עמ' 69–72. קישורים חיצוניים ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא סרגיי ברין בוויקישיתוף סרגיי ברין , באתר אנציקלופדיה בריטניקה (באנגלית) הבלוג של סרגיי ברין (אנגלית) גיא רולניק, "יש תנאים טובים מאוד לרכישות של גוגל בישראל" , באתר הארץ, 18/05/2008 ריאיון עם ברין

מ-6 באוקטובר 2000 הראיון מתחיל בדקה 18 ו-15 שניות (באנגלית) "Linux Journal" (הקישור אינו פעיל)‏, 31 באוגוסט 2000 (באנגלית) momentmeg, הסיפור של סרגיי ברין

(באנגלית) למה גוגל גלאס?

מתוך ועידת TED אתר למנויים בלבד בנימין טוביאס ושגיא כהן, ‏העתיד על פי גוגל , באתר "ידיעות אחרונות", 31 אוגוסט 2018 הערות שוליים

"Sergey Brin" . Forbes. בדיקה אחרונה ב-9 בנובמבר 2016.

קן אולטה, גוגל - סוף העולם שהכרנו. עמ' 50. תל אביב: ספרי עליית גג-ידיעות אחרונות

סרגיי ברין באתר Google ‏

https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%91...