Robert fitz Guillaume, comte d'Eû

http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_d%27Eu

Robert d’Eu (1022-1089), comte d'Eu, fut un baron anglo-normand.

He is the eldest son and successor of William of Eu, count of Eu. He takes no part in the rebellion of his brother, and returned in possession of the castle of Eu. [citation needed]

It serves Guillaume the conqueror in his various expeditions. [citation needed] The Duke married Mathilde of Flanders, daughter of Baudouin V, count of Flanders, in the castle of Robert of Eu Eu [1].

King Henri Ier of France, being entered in Normandy in 1054 at the head of a large army, Duke William shares his army, which he sends some against the brother of the King under the guidance of Robert D'eu and Gautier (I) Giffard. It is part of the Norman commanders who cut into pieces the French army commanded by Eudes, the brother of the King of France. [citation needed]

It is still in the castle of Eu that Guillaume covenanted in 1065, with Harold, Earl of Kent, it will defeat the following year at the battle of Hastings. [citation needed]

He participated for 60 ships in the fleet which allows landing in England and the Norman Conquest of England [2]. Around 1068-1070, Guillaume the Conqueror entrusted to Robert D'eu, the rape of Hastings with the Castle and the territories that depend on it, representing one-fifth of Sussex, after Humphrey du Tilleul, nephew of Hugh de Grandmesnil, be returned hastily to Normandy [3]. His son Guillaume II of Eu is one of the few soldiers that are known with certainty the presence at the famous battle of Hastings. The father and the son are, if you add up their possessions separated, owners of estates producing an income of approximately 690 pounds sterling annually in the writing of the Domesday Book (1086) [4].

In Exchange for the Castle, the town of Hastings and all his lands, the count of Eu must provide sixty Knights to serve the Crown. [citation needed]

In 1069, he was charged by the King with Robert de Mortain to monitor the Danes whose fleet anchorage

Biographie

Il est le fils aîné et successeur de Guillaume d’Eu, comte d'Eu. Il ne prend aucune part à la rébellion de son frère, et rentre en possession du château d'Eu.[r%C3%A9f. nécessaire]

Il sert Guillaume le Conquérant dans ses différentes expéditions.[r%C3%A9f. nécessaire] Le duc épouse Mathilde de Flandre, fille de Baudouin V, comte de Flandre, dans le château de Robert d’Eu à Eu[1].

Le roi Henri Ier de France, étant entré en Normandie en 1054 à la tête d'une grande armée, le duc Guillaume partage son armée, dont il envoie une partie contre le frère du roi sous la conduite de Robert d’Eu et de Gautier (I) Giffard. Il fait partie des commandants normands qui taillent en pièces l'armée française commandée par Eudes, le frère du roi de France.[r%C3%A9f. nécessaire]

C'est encore au château d'Eu que Guillaume fait alliance, en 1065, avec Harold, comte de Kent, qu'il va vaincre l'année suivante à la bataille d'Hastings.[r%C3%A9f. nécessaire]

Il participe pour 60 navires à la flotte qui permet le débarquement en Angleterre et la conquête normande de l'Angleterre[2]. Vers 1068-1070, Guillaume le Conquérant confie à Robert d'Eu, le rape d'Hastings avec le château et les territoires qui en dépendent, soit le cinquième du Sussex, après que Onfroy du Tilleul, le neveu d'Hugues de Grandmesnil, soit rentré précipitamment en Normandie[3]. Son fils Guillaume II d'Eu est l'un des rares soldats dont on sait avec certitude la présence à la célèbre bataille d'Hastings. Le père et le fils sont, si on additionne leurs possessions séparées, propriétaires de domaines produisant un revenu d'environ 690 livres sterling annuellement à la rédaction du Domesday Book (1086)[4].

En échange du château, de la ville de Hastings et de toutes ses terres, le comte d'Eu doit fournir soixante chevaliers pour servir la couronne.[r%C3%A9f. nécessaire]

En 1069, il est chargé par le roi avec Robert de Mortain de surveiller les Danois dont la flotte mouille dans l'embouchure de l'Humber, pendant que celui-ci va réprimer la révolte initiée par Eadric le Sauvage dans l'ouest[5]. Quand les Danois sortent de leur lieu de retraite pour piller le voisinage, les deux hommes et leur armée leur tombent dessus à l'improviste et les écrasent, les forçant à s'enfuir par la mer[6].

Après la mort de Guillaume le Conquérant, le comte d'Eu suit quelque temps le parti du duc Robert Courteheuse. Mais rebuté de sa mollesse et de ses débauches, il se tourne, ainsi que plusieurs autres seigneurs normands, du côté de Guillaume le Roux, dont il reçoit les garnisons dans ses châteaux.[r%C3%A9f. nécessaire]

Très pieux, il fait des dons toute sa vie à l'Eglise, notamment de terres à la Sainte-Trinité de Rouen (1051) et est témoin d’une charte datée de 1053. Veuf, il se remarie avec Mathilde de Hauteville (1062-1094), fille de Roger Ier, comte de Sicile, et de Judith d'Evreux. Mais il la répudie et elle se remarie en 1080 avec Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles († 1105), comte de Toulouse et marquis de Provence.

Le comte Robert meurt en 1089 et est inhumé dans l’abbaye Saint-Michel du Tréport. Le comte fonde cette abbaye du Tréport, près de la ville d'Eu, entre 1057 et 1066, à la prière de sa première femme et par le conseil du duc Guillaume et de Maurille, archevêque de Rouen.

Famille et descendance

Il a de sa première femme Béatrix de Falaise[7], peut-être sœur d’Arlette de Falaise:

   * Raoul, mort avant lui, cité en 1036, dans une charte.

* Robert
* Condoha ou Condor, fille du comte d'Eu, mariée en 1058 Foulques d’Angoulême (en) mère de Guillaume V d'Angoulême et grand-mère de Vulgrin II d’Angoulême.
* Guillaume II d’Eu, succède à Robert d’Eu en tant que comte d'Eu en 1089, lord d’Hastings.
== MedLands ==

• http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/normacre.htm#RobertIEudied1089A

ROBERT d'Eu, son of GUILLAUME Comte d'Hiémois et d'Eu & his wife Lesceline de Tourville ([1005/10]-8 Sep [1089/93], bur Le Tréport). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Rodbertum...Willelmum Suessionensem comitem atque Hugonem Luxoviensem præsulem” as the three sons of “ducis uno ex patre fratrem progenitum...Willelmum” and his wife “Lezscelinam...filiam...Turchetilli”, adding that Robert succeeded to his father´s county[2308]. He is named as the son of Guillaume Comte d'Eu by Orderic Vitalis[2309]. Robert´s date of birth is estimated from his having three sons who are named in a charter dated 1036. The date is consistent with his father´s estimated birth date, although it means that he must have been extremely old when he died. "Robertus comes Augensis…uxore Beatrice et filiis meis Radulfo, Willermo atque Roberto" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport by a charter dated 1036, witnessed by "Hugo vicecomes"[2310]. An undated charter, dated to the [1035/50], records the donation of "predium Heltonis quod possedit Gozelinus vicecomes" to the abbey of Sainte-Trinité at Rouen, with the support of "Willelmus comes Normanniæ, et Willelmus, filius Willelmi comitis, qui et hæres Heltonis, et Robertus comes frater eius…Niellus…et Turstinus vicecomites", subscribed by "…filii Turchitilli Hugo et Goffridus necnon Walerannus comes", signed by "Gozelini vicecomitis, Heltonis, Willelmi heredis Heltonis, Walberti fratris Heltonis, Waleranni comitis, Alberici comitis, Heltæ filii Heltonis…"[2311]. An undated charter, dated to [1049], records that "Lezelina comitissa…cum filiis suis" was expelled "de castro Ou" and donated land on the banks of the Seine to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "filiis suis Hugone, Willelmo, Rotberto"[2312]. He succeeded his father as Comte d'Eu, indicating presumably that he was the eldest son. Orderic Vitalis names “...Rodbertus comes, Willermi Aucensis Satrapæ filius...” among the leading lords under Guillaume II Duke of Normandy[2313]. "Rotbertus comes de Ou et Beatrix conjux eius" donated "jure hereditario silvam de Spinei" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "filiis suis", by undated charter dated to "tempore que discordia cepit inter [Willelmus comes Normanniæ] et Henricum regem Francorum", witnessed by "…Willelmi filii Osberni, Rodulfi camerarii…Goisfredi filii Osberni de Ou, Ansfredi fratris eius, Widonis filii Amalrici, Rainaldi de Sancto Martino, Osberti de Albert Villa…"[2314]. "Rotberti comitis de Auco" witnessed a charter of "Rogerius de Buslei " dated 1053[2315]. Robert of Torigny's De Immutatione Ordinis Monachorum records that "Lecelina comitissa Aucensis relicta Willermi comitis" founded "mon. Sancti Petri super Divam virorum et mon. fem. ante urbem Lexoviensem" with "filiis suis Roberto comite Aucensi et Hugone episcopo Lexoviensi"[2316]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Roberto comite Augiensi" contributed 60 ships towards the invasion of England in 1066[2317]. Orderic Vitalis records that “Rodbertus Aucensium comes et Gauterius Gifardus et Radulfus de Mortuomari” and nearly all the seigneurs who lived “trans Sequanam usque ad mare” joined King William II against his brother Robert Duke of Normandy and received considerable sums to fortify their castles, dated to [1089/90][2318]. The necrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death of "Robertus comes Aucensis", undated but listed among deaths recorded in early September[2319]. The necrology of Ulterioris Portus monastery records the death "8 Sep" of "Robertus comes Augensis hujus ecclesiæ fundator"[2320].

m firstly BEATRIX, daughter of --- (-10 Apr ----). "Robertus comes Augensis…uxore Beatrice et filiis meis Radulfo, Willermo atque Roberto" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport by a charter dated 1036, witnessed by "Hugo vicecomes"[2321]. "Rotbertus comes de Ou et Beatrix conjux eius" donated "jure hereditario silvam de Spinei" to Sainte-Trinité de Rouen, with the consent of "filiis suis", by undated charter dated to "tempore que discordia cepit inter [Willelmus comes Normanniæ] et Henricum regem Francorum"[2322]. The necrology of Ulterioris Portus monastery records the death "10 Apr" of "comitissa Beatrix, loci hujus...fundatrix"[2323]. This entry must be linked to the wife of Comte Robert as the latter is described as "nostri monasterii fundatoris" in the entry which relates to their son Guillaume (see below) and also in his own entry in the same necrology.

m secondly (repudiated before [1080][2324]%29 as her first husband, MATHILDE of Sicily, daughter of ROGER I Count of Sicily & his first wife Judith d'Evreux (1062-before 1094). The primary source which confirms her parentage and first marriage has not yet been identified. According to Houben[2325], Mathilde who married Robert Comte d'Eu was the daughter of Roger I Count of Sicily by his second wife, and a different person from Mathilde his daughter by his first wife who married Raymond Comte de Saint-Gilles. No source is quoted, but this seems unlikely from a chronological point of view as Roger's second marriage took place in [1077], and Robert Comte d'Eu died in [1089/93]. In addition, it seems unlikely that Roger, at the height of his power as Count of Sicily in the late 1080s, would have agreed to his daughter's marriage to an obscure count in northern France at the same time as arranging royal marriages for his other daughters. She married secondly ([1080], divorced [1088]) as his second wife, Raymond de Toulouse, who later succeeded as Raymond IV Comte de Toulouse. Malaterra records the marriage of "Raimundus comes Provinciarum" and "Matildem filiam suam [Rogerii Siculorum comitis]…de prima uxore" which he dates to 1080[2326].
Comte Robert & his first wife had six children:

1. RAOUL d'Eu . "Robertus comes Augensis…uxore Beatrice et filiis meis Radulfo, Willermo atque Roberto" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport by a charter dated 1036, witnessed by "Hugo vicecomes"[2327].

2. GUILLAUME d'Eu (-2 Jan after 1096). "Robertus comes Augensis…uxore Beatrice et filiis meis Radulfo, Willermo atque Roberto" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport by a charter dated 1036, witnessed by "Hugo vicecomes"[2328]. Domesday Book records land held by “William de Eu” in King´s Somborne in Somborne Hundred, Deane in Chuteley Hundred, and Silchester in Holdshott Hundred in Hampshire, in Reading, Kintbury and Wantage Hundreds in Berkshire, numerous land-holdings in Wiltshire, land in Hertfordshire[2329]. He ravaged Gloucestershire in 1089 after plundering Berkeley castle[2330]. He succeeded in [1093] as Comte d'Eu, Lord of Hastings. Florence of Worcester records that "Willelmi comes de Owe" deserted Robert Duke of Normandy in [1093/94] "won over by his greediness of lucre and attracted by the promise of vast domains" by William II King of England[2331]. Florence of Worcester records that "Northymbrensis comes Rotbertus de Mulbrei et Willelmus de Owe" conspired against William II King of England in [1095], planning to place "filium amitæ illius Stephanus de Albamarno" on the English throne[2332]. The same source records that Guillaume was captured after being vanquished in a duel, and condemned at Salisbury 13 Jan 1096 to be blinded and castrated[2333]. The necrology of the church of Eu records the death "2 Jan" of "Guillelmus primus comes Augi, fundator hujus ecclesiæ"[2334]. The necrology of Ulterioris Portus monastery records the death "2 Jan" of "Augensis comes Guillermus...Roberti, nostri monasterii fundatoris, filii"[2335]. m firstly BEATRICE, sister of ROGER de Builly Lord of Tickhill, daughter of --- & his wife --- (-2 Sep ----). She is named as the first wife of Comte Guillaume in the Complete Peerage, which does not cite the primary source on which the information is based[2336]. The primary source which confirms her origin has not yet been identified. The necrology of Longpont records the death “IV Non Sep” of “Beatrix comitissa”[2337]. m secondly HELISENDE d'Avranches, daughter of RICHARD Vicomte d'Avranches & his wife ---. Her marriage is referred to by Orderic Vitalis, who says that she was the sister of Hugh Earl of Chester but does not give her name[2338]. Comte Guillaume & his [first/second] wife had [five] children:

a) HENRI d'Eu (-Fécamp 12 Jul 1140). "Henricus comes Augensis filius comitis Willermi" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport with the consent of "Margarita comitissa et fratres supradicti comitis Robertus, Willelmus major, Willelmus minor" by a charter dated 1101[2339]. He succeeded his father in 1096 as Comte d'Eu.

- see below.

b) ROBERT d'Eu (-1149 or after). "Henricus comes Augensis filius comitis Willermi" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport with the consent of "Margarita comitissa et fratres supradicti comitis Robertus, Willelmus major, Willelmus minor" by a charter dated 1101[2340]. 1101/1109. "Johannes Augensium comes" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport referring to "antecessores mei comes Robertus et Guillermus filius eius et Henricus pater meus" by a charter dated 1149, witnessed by "Robertus de Augo"[2341]. m ---. The name of Robert's wife is not known. Robert & his wife had one child:

i) THOMAS de Bréançon . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.

c) GUILLAUME d'Eu "major" (-[24 Mar ----]). "Henricus comes Augensis filius comitis Willermi" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport with the consent of "Margarita comitissa et fratres supradicti comitis Robertus, Willelmus major, Willelmus minor" by a charter dated 1101[2342]. 1101/1109. "Guillaume de Grandcourt son of Guillaume Comte d'Eu" captured Amaury de Montfort Comte d'Evreux at the battle of Bourg-théroulde (Rougemontier) in 1124, but chose to go into exile with him[2343]. [The necrology of Ulterioris Portus monastery records the death "24 Mar" of "Guillermus de Augo, frater Henrici comitis"[2344]. It is not known to which Guillaume this entry refers.]
d) GUILLAUME d'Eu "minor" . "Henricus comes Augensis filius comitis Willermi" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport with the consent of "Margarita comitissa et fratres supradicti comitis Robertus, Willelmus major, Willelmus minor" by a charter dated 1101[2345]. 1101/1109.
e) [ALBREDA (-19 Jun ----). The necrology of Ulterioris Portus monastery records the death "19 Jun" of "Albreda, Willelmi comitis filia"[2346]. It is assumed that this entry refers to an otherwise unrecorded daughter of Guillaume Comte d´Eu, but this is not beyond all doubt.]

Comte Guillaume had three illegitimate children by an unknown mistress:

f) three children . Orderic Vitalis records that Comte Guillaume "had three children by a concubine" ignoring his second wife[2347].

3. ROBERT d'Eu . "Robertus comes Augensis…uxore Beatrice et filiis meis Radulfo, Willermo atque Roberto" made donations to the abbey of St Michel, Tréport by a charter dated 1036, witnessed by "Hugo vicecomes"[2348].

4. ARMAND de Mortain . The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.
- CONTI di MONTESCAGLIOSO.

5. EREMBURGE de Mortain (-[1087]). Malaterra records the death of "Eremburga filia Gulielmi comitis Mortonensis" wife of "comes Rogerius", dating the event to 1089[2349]. m ([1077]%29 as his second wife, ROGER I Count of Sicily, son of TANCRED de Hauteville & his [second wife] [Fressenda] ([1031]-Mileto 22 Jun 1101, bur Mileto, Abbey of the Holy Trinity). .

6. [CONDOHA (-after 1087). The Historia Pontificum et Comitum Engolismensis names "filia de --- Ounormani Vagena, quæ vocabatur Condo" as wife of "Fulconi…Engolismensi Comiti" and mother of Comte Guillaume [V][2350]. "Ounormani" is interpreted as meaning "Eu des Normands". Assuming that this is correct, it appears chronologically consistent for Condoha's father to be identified as Robert Comte d'Eu, but this is not beyond doubt. The interpretation of "Vagena" as applied to Condoha's father has not yet been found. "Fulco Engolismensium comes" donated property to Saint-Amant-de-Boixe with the consent of "Condoha comitissa uxore mea, filiisque meis Guillelmo…ac Gaufrido atque Fulcone" by charter dated to [1076/87][2351]. m FOULQUES Comte d'Angoulême, son of GEOFFROY Comte d'Angoulême & his first wife Pétronille d'Archiac (-[after 1089]).]

Comte d'Eu

Lord Hastings

attesté à la bataille d'Arques en février 1054

fonda l'abbaye du Tréport