Robert II Capet, "the Pious" king of the Franks

Robert II Capet, "the Pious" king of the Franks French: Robert II Capet, "le Pieux" roi des Francs, Spanish: Roberto II Capeto, "el Piadoso" rey de Francia, Danish: Robert II Capet, "den Fromme" kong Frankrig, Italian: Roberto II Capeto, "il Pio" re di Francia
Also Known As:	"le Pieux"
Birthdate:	March 27, 972
Birthplace:	Orléans, Centre, France
Death:	July 20, 1031 (59) Château de Melun, Melun, Île-de-France, France
Place of Burial:	Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France
Immediate Family:	Son of Hugues Capet, roi des Francs and Adélaïde d'Aquitaine, reine des Francs Husband of Constance d'Arles, Queen consort of the Franks Ex-husband of Rozala of Italy and Berthe de Bourgogne, reine consort de France Father of Constance de France, heritiere de Dammartin; Hedwige de France, comtesse d'Auxerre; Hugues, roi associé de France; Henry I, king of France; Robert I le Vieux, duc de Bourgogne and 2 others Brother of Hedwige de France, comtesse de Mons and Gisèle de France Half brother of Gauzelin
Occupation:	Roi de France

Managed by:	James Fred Patin, Jr.
Last Updated:	August 14, 2024

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Immediate Family

Rozala of Italy

ex-wife
Berthe de Bourgogne, reine conso...

second cousin
Constance d'Arles, Queen consort...

wife
Constance de France, heritiere d...

daughter
Hedwige de France, comtesse d'Au...

daughter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Capet

Hugues, roi associé de France

son
Henry I, king of France

son
Robert I le Vieux, duc de Bourgogne

son
Eudes de France

son
Adela of France, countess of Fla...

daughter
Adélaïde d'Aquitaine, reine de...

mother
Hugues Capet, roi des Francs

father

About Robert II Capet, "the Pious" king of the Franks

ROBERT de France (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).
s/o HUGUES “Capet” King of France & wife Adelais [de Poitou]
x (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92] as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, d/o BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin)
xx ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010).
xxx (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, d/o GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).
1. [CONSTANCE?]
2. HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France ([1003]-5 Jun after 1063).
3. HUGUES de France (1007-28 Aug 1025, bur Compiègne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille).
4. HENRI de France ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, forêt d’Orléans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).
5. ROBERT de France ([1011/12]-church of Fleury-sur-Ouche, Côte d’Or 18 Mar 1076, bur Saint-Seine-l'Abbaye, Côte d’Or).
6. EUDES de France ([1013]-Germigny-des-Prés, near Sully, Loiret 15 May [1057/59]).
7. ADELA de France (-Messines 8 Jan 1079, bur Messines, Benedictine monastery).

HUGUES, son of HUGUES “le Grand” Duc des Francs & his third wife Hedwig of Germany ([940]-villa "Les Juifs", near Prasville, Eure-et-Loire 24 Oct 996, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum Senonensis names (in order) "Hugo, Otto et Heinricus" as the three sons of "Hugo Magnus dux Francorum…ex filia Odonis regis"[142]. Flodoard names "Hugonem et Oddonem clericum" as brothers of "Otto filius Hugonis", when he records that the rectores of Burgundy named them as his successors[143]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Hugoni, Parisiensis ducis filio…illius Magni Hugonis", specifying that his mother was "Ottone…sorore"[144]. His father named Richard Comte [de Normandie] as Hugues's guardian in 956, the arrangement being confirmed by Richard's betrothal to the sister of Hugues. The Annales Nivernenses record in 958 that "rex et mater sua et Ugo filius Ugonis et mater sua" attended a hearing "apud Marziacum vicum iuxta Nevernis…contra Guillelmum comitem Aquitaniæ post missa sancti Martini"[145]. He was installed as Duc des Francs/dux Francorum by Lothaire King of the West Franks in 960. By 974, Hugues had become effective leader of France under King Lothaire and headed the army which retook the kingdom of Lotharingia from Otto II King of Germany in 978[146]. He was elected HUGUES "Capet" King of France by an assembly of nobles at Senlis 29 May 987, after the death of Louis V King of France. He was consecrated at Noyon 1 Jun 987. Charles Duke of Lotharingia, the late king's uncle who opposed the accession of King Hugues, captured Laon in [May] 988, and Reims in [Aug/Sep] 989, with the help of his nephew Arnoul Archbishop of Reims, but was finally captured at Laon in 991[147]. The Historia Francorum Senonensis records the death in 998 of "Hugo rex" and his burial "in basilica beati Dyonisii martiris Parisius"[148]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IX Kal Nov" of "Hugo rex"[149].

m ([968]%29 ADELAIS [de Poitou, daughter of GUILLAUME III “Tête d'Etoupes” Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME I Comte de Poitou] & his wife Adela [Gerloc] de Normandie] ([950/55]-15 Jun [1004]). There is some doubt about Adelais´s ancestry. The 11th century Translatio S. Maglorii et aliorum names "Adelaide…filia Pictavorum comitis, de progenie Caroli Magni" as the wife of "Hugone, Francorum duce", clarifying that the latter refers to Hugues "Capet" King of France when it names "Roberto…rege, memorati ducis filio"[150]. This Poitevin origin is also suggested by Richer when he records that King Robert "ob nepotem suum Wilelmum" besieged "in Aquitania…Hildebertum"[151]. It is assumed that such a relationship between King Robert and Duke Guillaume would be through the king's mother as no family connection through his father has been established. Some doubt is introduced by the Chronicle of Ademar de Chabannes which recounts the dispute between "Dux Aquitanorum Willelmus" and King Hugues, as well as the subsequent peace agreed between the parties in 990, without mentioning that the duke was the king's brother-in-law[152], all the more surprising if the Poitevin origin is correct as Ademar concentrates on Poitevin affairs and includes genealogical details in his narrative. Another possible ancestry is suggested by Helgaud's Vita Roberti Regis which names "Rex Francorum Rotbertus…patre Hugone, matre Adhelaide", specifying that "ab Ausonis partibus descenderat"[153]. Settipani equates "Ausonia" with Rome or Italy[154], although no other reference to an Italian origin for Adelais has yet been identified. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the mother of "rex Francorum Robertus" as "superiorem regum Anglie soror"[155], but it is difficult to see to whom this could refer or how it could be correct. The paucity of references in contemporary sources to the wife of Hugues Capet and her origin contrasts with the frequent references to his mother and to the wives of his son King Robert II. This suggests that the background of Queen Adelais may have been obscure and that her family had little political influence at the time, although this would be surprising as her husband already enjoyed a position of some power at the Carolingian court at the time of his marriage. Maybe her family was prominent when the couple married but suffered a subsequent decline by the time her husband was elected king. Nevertheless, an Aquitainian marriage would have fitted the political circumstances of the time. After several decades of dispute between the Capet and Poitou families, a permanent peace appears to have been established from about the time the marriage took place[156]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Adelaidis regina"[157].

King Hugues & his wife had three children:

1. GISELA de France ([970][158]-).
2. HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France ([969][161]-after 1013).
3. ROBERT de France (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[169]. He was consecrated Associate-King 25 Dec 987, Cathedral of Sainte-Croix d’Orléans. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux" King of France. ROBERT de France, son of HUGUES “Capet” King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[177]. He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans[178]. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[179] King of France. He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de Mâcon[180]. After the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered to him. Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[181]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[182]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[183]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[184]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus…Francorum rex"[185].
m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]%29 as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin). Regino records that two of the daughters (unnamed) of ex-King Berengario were brought up in the imperial palace by the empress after being brought to Germany[186]. One of these two daughters was presumably Rozala, bearing in mind that the emperor arranged her marriage. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "filiam Berengeri regis Langobardorum, Ruzelam quæ et Susanna" as wife of Comte Arnoul[187]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores record the marriage [undated between 950 and 968] of "Arnulfus iunior" and "filiam Beregeri regis Susannam"[188]. Her marriage was presumably arranged by Emperor Otto to increase his influence in Flanders at a time when Lothaire IV King of the West Franks was asserting his own control over the county. According to Nicholas, Count Arnoul II married Rozala di Ivrea when he reached the age of majority in 976[189], but the source on which this is based has not been located. "Baldwinus marchysus cum matre sua Susanna" donated "villam Aflingehem…jacentem in pago Tornacinse" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, after the death of "Arnulfi marchysi", by charter dated 1 Apr 988, signed by "…Waldberto advocato, Theoderico comite, Arnulfo comite, Artoldo comite, Baldwino comite, item Arnulfo comite…"[190]. The Vita Sancti Bertulfi names "Rozala filia…Berengarii Regis Italiæ", specifying that "post mortem Arnulfi [Balduini filius] principis, Roberto Regi Francorum nupsit et Susanna dicta"[191]. Kerrebrouck, presumably basing his supposition on this passage from the Vita Sancti Bertulfi, says that she adopted the name Suzanne on her second marriage[192], but the sources quoted above show that she was referred to by this name earlier. Hugues "Capet" King of France arranged her second marriage to his son and heir, apparently as a reward for Flemish help when he seized power in 987[193]. She was given Montreuil-sur-Mer by the county of Flanders as her dowry on her second marriage. Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[194]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer. "Susanna regina cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…Atingehem…et in Testereph" to Saint-Pierre de Gand, for the soul of "filie sue Mathildis", by charter dated 26 Jun 995[195]. "Susanna regina…cum filio suo Baldwino" donated "alodem suum…in pago Flandrensi…in Holtawa…in Fresnere…in Clemeskirca…in Jatbeka…in Sclefteta…" to Saint-Pierre de Gand by charter dated 1 Jun 1003[196]. The Annales Elnonenses Minores records the death in 1003 of "Susanna regina"[197]. The Memorial of "regina Susanna" records her death "VII Feb"[198].
m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum names "Berta filia Conradi regis Burgundiæ" as wife of "Odone comite Carnotensium"[199]. This origin is corroborated by Rodulfus Glauber who names "Odo natus ex filia Chuonradi regis Austrasiorum, Berta nomine"[200]. “Odo comes” restored “villam...Culturas” to Marmoutier, for the souls of “...domini Hugonis archiepiscopi, cujus ibi corpus...jacet”, by charter dated to [986], subscribed by “Berte comitissæ uxoris eius, majoris filii eius Teutboldi, filii eius Odonis adhuc in cunabulo”[201]. Richer records that King Robert married "Berta Odonis uxor"[202]. “Berta...regina cum filiis meis Tetbaldo...episcopo nec non Odoni comitis” donated tonlieu over boats at Blois to Marmoutier by undated charter[203]. Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome. Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[204]. "Bertæ reginæ, Odonis comitis filii eius…" subscribed the charter dated 1004 under which "Gislebertus prepositus" recorded a donation[205]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[206]. "Odonis comitis, Ermengardis uxoris eius, Bertæ reginæ…" subscribed the charter dated after 1005 under which "comitem Odonem" donated property "in comitatu Dunensi…Boscus Medius" to "Sancti Petri"[207]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XVII Kal Feb" of "Berta mater Odonis comitis"[208].
m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[209]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[210]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[211]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[212]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues. Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[213]. The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[214], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end-1009[215]. She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[216]. She organised two revolts against King Robert, and another against her son King Henri I after his accession in 1031[217]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [July] in the following year, as well as her place of burial[218]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[219]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[220].

King Robert & his third wife had [seven] children:

1. [CONSTANCE . There is no proof that Constance, wife of Manassès de Dammartin, was the daughter of King Robert II, the affiliation being proposed for onomastic reasons only[221]. The connection is suggested by the presence of the king and queen at a donation by "Manasses comes" dated 4 Feb 1031[222]. On the other hand, Rodolfus Glaber records that King Robert had two daughters by his wife Constance[223], presumably referring to Hedwige and Adela, so ignoring any daughter named Constance. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[224], the wife of Manassès was "Constance [de Dammartin]", presumably on the theory that she brought her husband the county of Dammartin. m ([1023 or before]) MANASSES Comte de Dammartin-en-Goële, son of [HILDUIN [I] de Montdidier Seigneur de Ramerupt & his wife ---] (-killed in battle Ornel, near Etain, Bar-le-Duc 15 Nov or 15 Dec 1037).]
2. HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France ([1003]-5 Jun after 1063). Rodolfus Glaber records that "Rainaldus…Landrici comitis filius" married a daughter of King Robert[225]. The Chronici Hugonis Floriacensis names "Adelaidem…Rainaldi comitis Nivernensis uxorem" as the daughter of King Robert and his wife Constance[226]. The Historia Nivernensium Comitum records that the wife of "Renaldum" was "sorori Regis Roberti, filii Hugonis Capitonis"[227]. The Annales Vizeliacenses also specifies that Renaud's wife was the sister not daughter of King Robert II[228]. However, this is chronologically unlikely given that King Robert and his known sisters were born in the 970s, more than twenty years before the earliest possible date of birth of Comte Renaud. Her marriage was agreed by her father as part of his alliance with Landry Comte de Nevers after capturing Auxerre, which the king gave to his daughter as dowry[229]. "Rainaldus comes Nivernensis" donated property "Belmontis" to Cluny, for the souls of "…uxoris mee Advise…" by charter dated to [1028/40][230]. She founded the abbeys of Crisenon and Issenon. m (1006, soon after 25 Jan 1016) RENAUD [I] de Nevers, son of LANDRY Comte de Nevers & his wife Mathilde de Bourgogne-Comté (-killed in battle Sainte-Vertu, Yonne 29 May 1040, bur Auxerre, Saint-Germain). He succeeded his father in 1028 as Comte de Nevers. He was killed in battle against Robert I Duke of Burgundy, his brother-in-law.
3. HUGUES de France (1007-28 Aug 1025, bur Compiègne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[231]. He was consecrated associate-king 9 Jun 1017, at Compiègne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille, when he was "barely ten years old" according to Rodolfus Glaber[232]. He rebelled against his father claiming the full authority of his position as associate-king, but later submitted[233]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "V Kal Sep" of "Hugo iuvenis rex Francorum"[234]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "V Kal Sep" of "Hugo iuvenis rex"[235]. Rodolfus Glaber records his place of burial[236].
4. HENRI de France ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, forêt d’Orléans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[237]. He succeeded his father in 1031 as HENRI I King of France.
5. ROBERT de France ([1011/12]-church of Fleury-sur-Ouche, Côte d’Or 18 Mar 1076, bur Saint-Seine-l'Abbaye, Côte d’Or). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[238]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Heinricus rex…germanium suum Rotbertum" when recording the latter's installation as duke of Burgundy by his brother[239]. His mother supported him as candidate to be consecrated associate king in 1027, in place of his older brother Henri who was supported by their father. His father named him heir to the duchy of Burgundy in 1030. He was installed as ROBERT I "le Vieux" Duke of Burgundy in 1032 by his brother King Henri I.
6. EUDES de France ([1013]-Germigny-des-Prés, near Sully, Loiret 15 May [1057/59]). The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[240]. He allied himself with Eudes II Comte de Blois in the war against his brother Henri I King of France 1034-1041. He was defeated and imprisoned at Orléans. After his release, he fought for the king in Normandy, but was defeated in 1054 at Mortemer. Orderic Vitalis records the war between the Normans and "Henricum regem" in 1054 when "Odonem fratrem suum" was defeated by "Roberti Aucensis comiitis et Rogerii de Mortuomari" who led the Norman forces "apud Mortuum-mare"[241]. He owned land near Bellême[242]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Mai" of "Odo Roberti regis filius"[243].
7. ADELA de France (-Messines 8 Jan 1079, bur Messines, Benedictine monastery). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "soror…regis Henrici Adela" as wife of "Balduino Insulano"[244]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Alam comitissam Flandrensem" as the daughter of King Robert[245]. She is named as daughter of King Robert in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also refers to her marriage[246]. Kerrebrouck mentions her betrothal to Duke Richard "très jeune" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[247]. "Richardus Nortmannorum dux" agreed grants of property to "Adela" on the occasion of their marriage by charter dated Jan 1026, which does not specify her parentage[248]. Her father gave her the seigneurie of Corbie as her dowry. Ctss de Contenance. She founded the Benedictine monastery at Messines near Ypres. Philippe I King of France donated “villam in pago Parisiacensi sitam...Curtesiolum” to Saint-Denis, at the request of “amita mea soror...patris mei H...Adela”, by charter dated 1060, after 4 Aug[249]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VI Id Jan" of "Adelaidis comitissa"[250]. Betrothed (Jan 1027) to RICHARD III Duke of Normandy, son of RICHARD I Duke of Normandy & his first wife Judith de Bretagne ([1001]-6 Aug 1027). m (Amiens 1028) BAUDOUIN de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN IV "le Barbu/Pulchrae Barbae" Count of Flanders & his first wife Ogive de Luxembourg ([1012/13]-Lille 1 Sep 1067, bur Lille, Saint-Pierre). He succeeded his father in 1035 as BAUDOUIN V “le Pieux/Insulanus” Count of Flanders. He was regent of France for his nephew Philippe I King of France 1060-1066/67.

https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAPET.htm#_Toc151056321

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_France

-http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAPET.htm#RobertIIdied1031B
ROBERT de France, son of HUGUES “Capet” King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[177]. He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans[178]. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[179] King of France. He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de Mâcon[180]. After the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered to him. Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[181]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[182]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[183]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[184]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus…Francorum rex"[185].

m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]%29 as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin). .. ... .... .....

m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010). .. ... ....

m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his second wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis). .. ... ....

"Comme pour son père Hugues Capet, on ne connaît ni la date, ni le lieu précis de la naissance de Robert, et cela bien que les historiens penchent fortement pour l’année 972 et pour Orléans, capitale du duché robertien depuis le IXe siècle." Laurent Theis, Robert le Pieux. Le roi de l'an mil, Paris, éditions Perrin, 1999 (ISBN 978-2-262-01375-2).

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http://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00007643&tree=LEO

Robert II le Pieux de France / Robert II the Pious of France

Born: 27 March 972 [unproven; birth date very uncertain - see source above]

Dead: 20 July 1031

King of France from 996 until his death

Father: Hugh Capet

Mother: Adelaide of Aquitaine

Marriage with

1. Rozala (who changed her name to Susannah after becoming queen)

She was the daughter of Berengar II of Italy and the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, with whom she had children, the oldest of whom was of age to assume the offices of count of Flanders. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death. No children together.

2. Bertha (but the marriage got annulled)

He tried instead to marry Bertha, daughter of Conrad of Burgundy, around the time of his father's death. She was a widow of Odo I of Blois, but was also Robert's cousin. For reasons of consanguinity, Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage, and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor, Sylvester II, the marriage was annulled.

3. Constance of Arles

Finally, in 1001, Robert entered into his final and longest-lasting marriage to Constance of Arles, the daughter of William I of Provence. She was an ambitious and scheming woman, who made life miserable for her husband by encouraging her sons to revolt against their father.

Children with Constance of Arles;

1. Constance, married Manasses de Dammartin

2. Hedwig (or Advisa) of France, married Renauld I, Count of Nevers on 25 January 1016 and had issue.

3. Hugh Magnus, co-king (1017–1025)

4. Henry I, successor

5. Robert, became Duke of Burgundy

6. Odo (1013–c.1056), who may have been mentally retarded and died after his brother's failed invasion of Normandy

7. Adela (d. 1079), married firstly Richard III of Normandy and secondly Baldwin V of Flanders.

Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children.

Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges.

ROBERT (II) de France, son of HUGUES Capet King of France & his wife Adelais [de Poitou] (Orléans ([27 Mar] 972-Château de Melun 20 Jul 1031, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).

The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Robertum regem et filiam Hadevidem…comitissam Hainonensium" as the children of King Hugues[148].

He was invested as associate-king with his father 25 Dec 987, consecrated 1 Apr 988 at the cathedral of Sainte-Croix in Orléans[149]. He succeeded his father in 996 as ROBERT II "le Pieux"[150] King of France.

He claimed the duchy of Burgundy on the death of his paternal uncle Duke Henri in 1002, but took 12 years to complete its conquest in the face of opposition from Otto-Guillaume Comte de Mâcon[151].

After the death of Emperor Heinrich II King of Germany in 1024, King Robert supported the rebels (led by Frédéric II Duke of Upper Lotharingia) opposed to King Konrad II but he refused the crown of Italy which they offered it to him. Robert nevertheless sent troops to attack Metz, but was repulsed[152].

The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records the death in 1031 of "rex Francorum Robertus"[153]. Rodolfus Glaber records the death of King Robert at Melun in July and his place of burial[154]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "XII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus rex"[155]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XIII Kal Aug" of "Rotbertus…Francorum rex"[156].

m firstly (988, before 1 Apr, repudiated [991/92]%29 as her second husband, ROZALA [Suzanne] di Ivrea, widow of ARNOUL II “le Jeune” Count of Flanders, daughter of BERENGARIO II ex-King of Italy [Ivrea] & his wife Willa of Tuscany-Arles ([950/960]-13 Dec 1003 or 7 Feb 1004, bur Gent, church of the Abbey de Saint-Pierre du Mont-Blandin).

Richer records that King Robert repudiated his wife "Susannam…genere Italicam eo quod anus esset" but refused to allow her to retake her castle at Montreuil, whereupon she constructed another nearby[165]. She returned to Flanders after she was repudiated by her second husband, and became one of the principal advisers of her son Count Baldwin IV. France retained Montreuil-sur-Mer.

m secondly ([late 996/early 997], divorced Sep 1001) BERTHE of Burgundy, widow of EUDES I Comte de Blois et de Chartres, daughter of CONRAD I “le Pacifique” King of Burgundy [Welf] & his wife Mathilde de France [Carolingian] ([964/965]-16 Jan after 1010).

Pope Gregory V called on King Robert to repudiate his wife in 998 on grounds of consanguinity. The request was repeated in 1001 by the court of Rome. Robert at first refused and the kingdom of France was excommunicated[173]. The king, in reaction to the 1108 assassination of his favourite Hugues de Beauvais who had served Queen Berthe, visited Rome in 1008 in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce his third wife in order to take back Berthe[175].

m thirdly (after Sep 1001 before 25 Aug 1003) CONSTANCE d'Arles, daughter of GUILLAUME II “le Libérateur” Comte d’Arles [Provence] et Marquis & his wife Adelais [Blanche] d’Anjou ([987/89]-Château de Melun 22 or 25 Jul 1032, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).

The Historia Francorum names "Constantiam, filiam Guillelmi comitis Arelatensis, natam de Blanca sorore Gaufridi comitis Andegavensis" as wife of King Robert[178].

The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines also names "Constantia filia fuit Blanche comitisse Arelatensis" as wife of "Robertus rex"[179]. The Chronicon Hugonis names "Constantiam" as wife of "Robertus", specifying that she was "cognatam Hugonis Autisiodorensis episcopi comitis Cabilonensis"[180]. This is presumably based on Rodulfus Glaber who states incorrectly that "Constantiam…filiam…prioris Willemi Aquitanie ducis" was wife of King Robert II, specifying that she was "cognatam" of Hugues Comte de Chalon Bishop of Auxerre[181]. The only relationship so far identified between the two is that Constance's maternal uncle, Geoffroy I Comte d'Anjou, was the second husband of the mother of Comte Hugues.

Rodulfus Glauber dates her marriage to "about the year 1000"[182].

The king attempted to separate from Constance in 1008 in order to take back his second wife, according to Rodulfus Glaber through the influence of "Hugo dictus Beluacensis"[183], but he restored Constance's royal prerogatives end-1009[184].

She opposed her husband's proposal to crown their second son Henri as associate king in 1026, supporting the candidature of her third son Robert[185]. She organised two revolts against King Robert, and another against her son King Henri I after his accession in 1031[186].

Rodolfus Glaber records the death of Queen Constance in the same city as her husband [Melun] and in the same month [July] in the following year, as well as her place of burial[187]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "regina Constancia"[188]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "VIII Kal Aug" of "Constancia regina"[189].

King Robert & his third wife had [seven] children:

1. [CONSTANCE de France.

There is no proof that Constance, wife of Manassès de Dammartin, was the daughter of King Robert II, the affiliation being proposed for onomastic reasons only[190]. It is, however, supported by the presence of the king and queen at a donation by Comte Manassès in 1031[191]. Rodolfus Glaber records that King Robert had two daughters by his wife Constance[192], presumably referring to Hedwige and Adela. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[193], the wife of Manassès was "Constance [de Dammartin]", presumably on the theory that she brought her husband the county of Dammartin.

m ([1023 or before]) MANASSES Comte de Dammartin-en-Goële, son of HILDUIN II de Montdidier Seigneur de Ramérupt & his wife --- (-killed in battle Ornel, near Etain, Bar-le-Duc 15 Nov or 15 Dec 1037).]

2. HEDWIGE [Avoie] de France ([1003]-5 Jun after 1063).

Rodolfus Glaber records that "Rainaldus…Landrici comitis filius" married a daughter of King Robert[194]. The Chronici Hugonis Floriacensis names "Adelaidem…Rainaldi comitis Nivernensis uxorem" as the daughter of King Robert and his wife Constance[195]. The Historia Nivernensium Comitum records that the wife of "Renaldum" was "sorori Regis Roberti, filii Hugonis Capitonis"[196]. The Annales Vizeliacenses also specifies that Renaud's wife was the sister not daughter of King Robert II[197]. However, this is chronologically unlikely given that King Robert and his known sisters were born in the 970s, more than twenty years before the earliest possible date of birth of Comte Renaud. Her marriage was agreed by her father as part of his alliance with Landry Comte de Nevers after capturing Auxerre, which the king gave to his daughter as dowry[198]. "Rainaldus comes Nivernensis" donated property "Belmontis" to Cluny, for the souls of "…uxoris mee Advise…" by charter dated to [1028/40][199]. She founded the abbeys of Crisenon and Issenon.

m (1006, soon after 25 Jan 1016) RENAUD de Nevers, son of LANDRY Comte de Nevers & his wife Mathilde de Bourgogne-Comté (-killed in battle Sainte-Vertu, Yonne 29 May 1040, bur Auxerre, Saint-Germain). He succeeded his father in 1028 as RENAUD I Comte de Nevers. He was killed in battle against Robert I Duke of Burgundy, his brother-in-law.

3. HUGUES de France (1007-28 Aug 1025, bur Compiègne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille).

The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[200].

He was consecrated associate-king 9 Jun 1017, at Compiègne, church of the Abbaye de Saint-Corneille, when he was "barely 10 years old" according to Rodolfus Glaber[201]. He rebelled against his father claiming the full authority of his position as associate-king, but later submitted[202].

The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés records the death "V Kal Sep" of "Hugo iuvenis rex Francorum"[203]. The necrology of Argenteuil Priory records the death "V Kal Sep" of "Hugo iuvenis rex"[204]. Rodolfus Glaber records his place of burial[205].

4. HENRI de France ([end 1009/May 1010]-Palais de Vitry-aux-Loges, forêt d’Orléans, Loiret 4 Aug 1060, bur église de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).

The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[206].

He succeeded his father in 1031 as HENRI I King of France.

---

5. ROBERT de France ([1011/12]-church of Fleury-sur-Ouche, Côte d’Or 18 Mar 1076, bur Saint-Seine-l'Abbaye, Côte d’Or).

The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[207]. Rodulfus Glauber names "Heinricus rex…germanium suum Rotbertum" when recording the latter's installation as duke of Burgundy by his brother[208].

His mother supported him as candidate to be consecrated associate king in 1027, in place of his older brother Henri who was supported by their father. His father named him heir to the duchy of Burgundy in 1030. He was installed as ROBERT I "le Vieux" Duke of Burgundy in 1032 by his brother King Henri I.

---

6. EUDES de France ([1013]-Germigny-des-Prés, near Sully, Loiret 15 May [1057/59]).

The Historia Francorum names (in order) "Hugonem qui cognominatus est Magnus, Henricum, Robertum, Odonem" as the four sons of King Robert and Constance[209].

He allied himself with Eudes II Comte de Blois in the war against his brother Henri I King of France 1034-1041. He was defeated and imprisoned at Orléans. After his release, he fought for the king in Normandy, but was defeated in 1054 at Mortemer.

Orderic Vitalis records the war between the Normans and "Henricum regem" in 1054 when "Odonem fratrem suum" was defeated by "Roberti Aucensis comiitis et Rogerii de Mortuomari" who led the Norman forces "apud Mortuum-mare"[210]. He owned land near Bellême[211].

The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "Id Mai" of "Odo Roberti regis filius"[212].

7. ADELA de France (-Messines 8 Jan 1079, bur Messines, Benedictine monastery).

The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "soror…regis Henrici Adela" as wife of "Balduino Insulano"[213]. The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis names "Alam comitissam Flandrensem" as the daughter of King Robert[214]. She is named as daughter of King Robert in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also refers to her marriage[215].

Kerrebrouck mentions her betrothal to Duke Richard "très jeune" but does not cite the primary source on which this is based[216]. "Richardus Nortmannorum dux" agreed grants of property to "Adela" on the occasion of their marriage by charter dated Jan 1026, which does not specify her parentage[217]. Her father gave her the seigneurie of Corbie as her dowry.

Ctss de Contenance. She founded the Benedictine monastery at Messines near Ypres.

The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "VI Id Jan" of "Adelaidis comitissa"[218].

Betrothed (Jan 1027) to RICHARD III Duke of Normandy, son of RICHARD I Duke of Normandy & his first wife Judith de Bretagne ([1001]-6 Aug 1027).

m (Amiens 1028) BAUDOUIN de Flandre, son of BAUDOUIN IV "le Barbu/Pulchrae Barbae" Count of Flanders & his first wife Ogive de Luxembourg ([1012/13]-Lille 1 Sep 1067, bur Lille, Saint-Pierre). He succeeded his father in 1035 as BAUDOUIN V “le Pieux/Insulanus” Count of Flanders. He was regent of France for his nephew Philippe I King of France 1060-1066/67.

References:

[148] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.

[149] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 55.

[150] This nickname was applied to the king from the early years of his reign, see Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 59 footnote 2.

[151] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 55.

[152] Poull (1994), pp. 21-2.

[153] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1031, MGH SS XXIII, p. 783.

[154] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.36, p. 159.

[155] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 16.

[156] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 322.

[157] Reginonis Chronicon 965, MGH SS I, p. 627.

[158] Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana MGH SS IX, p. 306.

[159] Annales Elnonenses Minores [950-968], MGH SS V, p. 19.

[160] Nicholas, D. (1992) Medieval Flanders (Longman), p. 44.

[161] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 96, p. 92.

[162] Vita Sancti Bertulfi Abbatis Renticensis, RCGF 10, p. 365.

[163] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 60 footnote 32.

[164] Nicholas (1992), p. 45.

[165] Guadet, J. (ed.) (1845) Richeri Historiarum (Paris) IV.LXXXVII, p. 270.

[166] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 102, p. 96.

[167] Liber traditionum sancti Petri Blandiniensis, 107, p. 101.

[168] Annales Elnonenses Minores 1003, MGH SS V, p. 19.

[169] MGH Poetæ Latini medii ævi, V.1, Die Ottonenzeit, Grabschriften, p. 299.

[170] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 387.

[171] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.9, MGH SS VII, p. 64.

[172] Richer IV, supplementary notes following CVII, p. 308.

[173] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 62 footnote 42.

[174] Lecesne, H. (ed.) (1874) Cartulaire de Marmoutier pour le Dunois III, p. 4.

[175] Szabolcs de Vajay 'Mathilde, Reine de France inconnue', Journal des Savants (Oct-Dec 1971), pp. 241-60, 242 footnote 8.

[176] Guérard, M. (ed.) (1840) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres (Paris) ("Chartres Saint-Père"), I, Liber Quintus, Cap. V, p. 96.

[177] Obituaires de Sens Tome II, Eglise cathédrale de Chartres, Nécrologe du xi siècle, p. 5.

[178] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[179] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1013, MGH SS XXIII, p. 780.

[180] Chronicon Hugonis, monachi Virdunensis et divionensis abbatis Flaviniacensis I 996, MGH SS VIII, p. 368.

[181] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.

[182] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.40, p. 165.

[183] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.

[184] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 57.

[185] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.34, p. 157.

[186] Kerrebrouck (2000), pp. 56 and 57.

[187] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.36, p. 159.

[188] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 267.

[189] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré d'Argenteuil, p. 348.

[190] Depoin, J. (1912) Recueil des chartes et documents de Saint-Martin-des-Champs, monastère parisien, Vol. 1 (Paris), no. 6, pp. 15-16, expanded by Mathieu, J. N. (1996) 'Recherches sur les premiers Comtes de Dammartin', Mémoires publiés par la Fédération des sociétés historiques et archéologiques de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France, t. 47 (1996), pp. 7-60, 15-16, both cited in Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 63.

[191] Cartulaire de Notre-Dame de Chartres d'après les cartularies et les titres originaux, ed. Lépinois, E. de and Merlet, L. (Chartres, 1862-1865), no. XIII, cited in Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 63 footnote 57.

[192] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.7, p. 107.

[193] ES III 676.

[194] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum IV.26, p. 213.

[195] Chronici Hugonis Floriacensis, RHGF X, p. 222.

[196] Origine et Historia Brevi Nivernensium Comitum, RHGF X, p. 258.

[197] Bouchard (1987), pp. 343-4, the author highlighting the "unreliable genealogies" of Raoul Glaber and preferring the Annales Vizeliacenses as a reliable source.

[198] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 58.

[199] Cluny Tome IV, 2811, p. 13.

[200] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[201] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.32, p. 151.

[202] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 58.

[203] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés, p. 270.

[204] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Prieuré d'Argenteuil, p. 348.

[205] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.33, p. 157.

[206] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[207] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[208] Rodulfi Glabri, Historiarum III.9, MGH SS VII, p. 64.

[209] Hugonis Floriacensis, Liber qui Modernorum Regum Francorum continet Actus 9, MGH SS IX, p. 385, additional manuscript quoted in footnote ***.

[210] Le Prévost, A. (1840) Orderici Vitalis Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ (Paris) ("Orderic Vitalis (Prévost)"), Vol. I, Liber I, p. 184, and Vol. III, Liber VII, p. 160.

[211] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 58.

[212] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 317.

[213] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1060, MGH SS XXIII, p. 792.

[214] Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis 2, MGH SS XIII, p. 252.

[215] Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, Vol. IV (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80), Appendix I, p. 350.

[216] Kerrebrouck (2000), p. 58.

[217] Spicilegium Tome III, p. 390.

[218] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.1, Abbaye de Saint-Denis, p. 307.

--------------------------

(wikipedia)

Robert II (27 March 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet.

Parents:Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.

Birth place: Orléans, France.

Death:20 July 1031 (aged 59), Melun, France

Buriel: Saint Denis Basilica, Paris, France

Co-reign

Solo-reign 30[citation needed]. December 987 – 24 October 996;

24 October 996 – 20 July 1031

Coronation 30[citation needed] December 987

Predecessor Hugh

Successor Henry I

Spouse Rozala of Italy

Bertha of Burgundy

Constance of Arles

Issue

Hugh Magnus, Rex Filius

Henry I

Adela, Countess of Flanders

Robert I, Duke of Burgundy

Father Hugh Capet

Mother Adelaide of Aquitaine

Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children:[7]

   * Constance, married Manasses de Dammartin

* Hedwig (or Advisa) of France, married Renauld I, Count of Nevers on 25 January 1016 and had issue.
* Hugh Magnus, co-king (1017–1025)
* Henry I, successor
* Robert, became Duke of Burgundy
* Odo (1013–c.1056), who may have been mentally retarded and died after his brother's failed invasion of Normandy
* Adela (d. 1079), married firstly Richard III of Normandy and secondly Baldwin V of Flanders.
Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges.

Robert II (27 March 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.

Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children:[7]

   * Constance, married Manasses de Dammartin

* Hedwig (or Advisa) of France, married Renauld I, Count of Nevers on 25 January 1016 and had issue.
* Hugh Magnus, co-king (1017–1025)
* Henry I, successor
* Robert, became Duke of Burgundy
* Odo (1013–c.1056), who may have been mentally retarded and died after his brother's failed invasion of Normandy
* Adela (d. 1079), married firstly Richard III of Normandy and secondly Baldwin V of Flanders.
Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_France

Robert II of France

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Robert II the Pious

King of the Franks

The Excommunication of Robert the Pious by Jean-Paul Laurens (1875)

Co-reign

Solo-reign 30 December 987 – 24 October 996;

24 October 996 – 20 July 1031

Coronation 30 December 987

Predecessor Hugh

Successor Henry I

Spouse Rozala of Italy

Bertha of Burgundy

Constance of Arles

Issue

Hugh Magnus, Rex Filius

Henry I

Adela, Countess of Flanders

Robert I, Duke of Burgundy

Father Hugh Capet

Mother Adelaide of Aquitaine

Born 27 March 972(972-03-27)

Orléans, France

Died 20 July 1031 (aged 59)

Melun, France

Burial Saint Denis Basilica, Paris, France

Robert II (27 March 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.

Contents

[hide]

   * 1 Co-rule with father

* 2 Marital problems
* 3 Piety
* 4 Military career
* 5 Children
* 6 Notes
* 7 Sources
[edit] Co-rule with father

Silver denier of Robert II, 1.22g. Monnaie de Paris.

Immediately after his own coronation, Robert's father Hugh began to push for the coronation of Robert. "The essential means by which the early Capetians were seen to have kept the throne in their family was through the association of the eldest surviving son in the royalty during the father's lifetime," Andrew W. Lewis has observed, in tracing the phenomenon in this line of kings who lacked dynastic legitimacy.[1] Hugh's claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona, an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated a co-king, should he die while on expedition.[2] Ralph Glaber, however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to control the nobility.[3] Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the claims of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain.[4] Robert was eventually crowned on 30 December 987. A measure of Hugh's success is that when Hugh died in 996, Robert continued to reign without any succession dispute, but during his long reign actual royal power dissipated into the hands of the great territorial magnates.

Robert had begun to take on active royal duties with his father in the early 990s. In 991, he helped his father prevent the French bishops from trekking to Mousson in the Kingdom of Germany for a synod called by Pope John XV, with whom Hugh was then in disagreement.

[edit] Marital problems

As early as 989, having been rebuffed in his search for a Byzantine princess,[5]Hugh Capet arranged for Robert to marry the recently-widowed daughter of Berengar II of Italy, Rozala, who took the name of Susannah upon becoming Queen.[6] She was many years his senior. She was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, with whom she had children, the oldest of whom was of age to assume the offices of count of Flanders. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death. He tried instead to marry Bertha, daughter of Conrad of Burgundy, around the time of his father's death. She was a widow of Odo I of Blois, but was also Robert's cousin. For reasons of consanguinity, Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage, and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor, Sylvester II, the marriage was annulled.

Finally, in 1001, Robert entered into his final and longest-lasting marriage: to Constance of Arles, the daughter of William I of Provence. She was an ambitious and scheming woman, who made life miserable for her husband by encouraging her sons to revolt against their father.

[edit] Piety

Robert, however, despite his marital problems, was a very devout Catholic, hence his sobriquet "the Pious." He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and making his palace a place of religious seclusion, where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. However, to contemporaries, Robert's "piety" resulted from his lack of toleration for heretics: he harshly punished them.

[edit] Military career

Robert II dispenses alms to the poor: "Robert had a kindly feeling for the weak and poor" — from François Guizot, A Popular History of France from the Earliest Times.

The kingdom Robert inherited was not large, and in an effort to increase his power, he vigorously pursued his claim to any feudal lands which became vacant, which action usually resulted in war with a counter-claimant. In 1003, his invasion of the Duchy of Burgundy was thwarted and it would not be until 1016 that he was finally able to get the support of the Church and be recognized as Duke of Burgundy.

The pious Robert made few friends and many enemies, including his own sons: Hugh Magnus, Henry, and Robert. They turned against their father in a civil war over power and property. Hugh died in revolt in 1025. In a conflict with Henry and the younger Robert, King Robert's army was beaten and he retreated to Beaugency outside Paris, his capital. He died in the middle of the war with his sons on 20 July 1031 at Melun. He was interred with Constance in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his son Henry, in both France and Burgundy.

[edit] Children

Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children:[7]

   * Constance, married Manasses de Dammartin

* Adele of France, married Renauld I, Count of Nevers on 25 January 1016 and had issue.
* Hugh Magnus, co-king (1017–1025)
* Henry I, successor
* Robert, became Duke of Burgundy
* Odo (1013–c.1056), who may have been mentally retarded and died after his brother's failed invasion of Normandy
* Adela (d. 1079), married firstly Richard III of Normandy and secondly Baldwin V of Flanders.
Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Andrew W. Lewis, "Anticipatory Association of the Heir in Early Capetian France" The American Historical Review 83.4 (October 1978:906-927) p. 907; the last co-king was Philip Augustus, who was co-king to the ailing Louis VII.

2. ^ Lewis, 908.
3. ^ Ibid, 914.
4. ^ Ibid, passim.
5. ^ The letter compopsed by Gerbert survives, though no Byzantine response is recorded: Constance B. Bouchard, 'Consanguinity and Noble Marriages in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries" Speculum 56.2 (April 1981:268-287) pp 274, 276.
6. ^ The most complete account of the marriages of Robert II remains that of Charles Pfister, Etudes sur le règne de Robert le Pieux (Paris 1885:41-69); see Constance Bouchard 1981:273ff.
7. ^ "Foundation for Medieval Genealogy". http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CAPET.htm#_Toc154137001. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
[edit] Sources

   * Lewis, Andrew W. "Anticipatory Association of the Heir in Early Capetian France." The American Historical Review, Vol. 83, No. 4. (Oct., 1978), pp 906-927.

* Jessee, W. Scott. "A missing Capetian princess: Advisa, daughter of King Robert II of France". Medieval Prosopography, 1990.
Robert II of France

House of Capet

Born: 27 March 972 Died: 20 July 1031

New institution co-King of the Franks

Under Hugh Capet

30 December 987–24 October 996 Succeeded by

Hugh (II) Magnus

Preceded by

Hugh Capet King of the Franks

With:

Hugh (II) Magnus as co-King

(19 June 1017–17 September 1026);

Henry I as co-King

(14 May 1027–29 July 1031)

24 October 996–29 July 1031 Succeeded by

Henry I

[show]

v • d • e

Ancestors of Robert II of France

16. Robert the Strong

8. Robert I of France

17. Emma of Welf

4. Hugh the Great

18. Herbert I, Count of Vermandois

9. Béatrice of Vermandois

19. Bertha de Morvois

2. Hugh Capet

20. Otto I, Duke of Saxony

10. Henry I the Fowler

21. Hedwiga of Franconia

5. Hedwige of Saxony

22. Dietrich, Count in Westphalia

11. Matilda of Ringelheim

23. Reinhild von Friesland

1. Robert II of France

24. Ranulf II of Aquitaine

12. Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine

6. William III, Duke of Aquitaine

13. Emilienne

3. Adelaide of Aquitaine

28. Rognvald Eysteinsson

14. Rollo of Normandy

7. Gerloc (Adele)

30. Berengar of Bayeux

15. Poppa of Bayeux

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v • d • e

List of French monarchs

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(843–888, 898-922, 936-987)

Pepin (751-768) • Carloman I (768-771) • Charlemagne (768-814) • Louis I (814-840) • Charles I (843-877) • Louis II (877-879) • Louis III (879-882) • Carloman II (879-884) • Charles II (885-888) • Charles III (898-922) • Louis IV (936-954) • Lothair (954-986) • Louis V (986-987)

Robertians

(888-898, 922-936)

Odo of Paris (888-898) • Robert I (922-923) • Rudolph (923-936)

House of Capet

(987–1328)

Hugh (987–996) • Robert II (996–1031) • Henry I (1031–1060) • Philip I (1060–1108) • Louis VI (1108–1137) • Louis VII (1137–1180) • Philip II (1180–1223) • Louis VIII (1223–1226) • Louis IX (1226–1270) • Philip III (1270–1285) • Philip IV (1285–1314) • Louis X (1314–1316) • John I (1316) • Philip V (1316–1322) • Charles IV (1322–1328)

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(1328–1498)

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(1422-1453)

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(1498–1515)

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(1515–1589)

Francis I (1515–1547) • Henry II (1547–1559) • Francis II (1559–1560) • Charles IX (1560–1574) • Henry III (1574–1589)

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(1589–1792)

Henry IV (1589–1610) • Louis XIII (1610–1643) • Louis XIV (1643–1715) • Louis XV (1715–1774) • Louis XVI (1774–1792) • Louis XVII (claimant, 1792–1795)

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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_France"

Robert II, Roi de France (1)

M, #103098, b. 27 March 972, d. 20 July 1031

Last Edited=19 Jun 2005

    Robert II, Roi de France was born on 27 March 972 at Orléans, Orléanais, France. (2) He was the son of Hugues de Paris, Roi de France and Adelaide de Poitou. (1) He married, firstly, Rosela of Italy, daughter of Berenger I of Fuili, Emperor of Italy, in 992. (3) He and Rosela of Italy were divorced in 992. (3) He married, secondly, Bertha de Bourgogne, daughter of Conrad, Roi de Jurane Bourgogne and Elfgifu (?), in 996. He married, thirdly, Constance d'Arles, daughter of Guillaume III Taillefer, Comte de Provence and Adelaide d'Anjou, in 1003. He was also reported to have been married circa 1000. He and Bertha de Bourgogne were divorced in 1000. (3)

He died on 20 July 1031 at age 59. (1)

    Robert II, Roi de France was a member of the House of Capet.4 Robert II, Roi de France also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Pious'. (4) He gained the title of Roi Robert II de France in 996. (2)

Children of Robert II, Roi de France and Constance d'Arles

-1. Hugues III, Roi de France b. 1007, d. c 1025 (4)

-2. Henri I, Roi de France+ b. Apr 1008, d. 4 Aug 1060 (4)

-3. Adela de France, Princesse de France+ b. 1009, d. 8 Jan 1079 (2)

-4. Robert I de Bourgogne, Duc de Bourgogne+ b. c 1011, d. 21 Mar 1076 (5)

Forrás / Source:

http://www.thepeerage.com/p10310.htm#i103098

Konge av Frankrike.

Robert II (27 March 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.

ROBERT II OF FRANCE

From Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_France

Robert II (27 March 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. Second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.

Co-rule with father:

Robert II the Pious

King of the Franks

Reign As co-King: 30 December 987 – 24 October 996;

as senior King: 24 October 996 – 20 July 1031

Coronation 30 December 987, Cathedral of Orléans

Titles Duke of Burgundy (1016)

Born 27 March 972(972-03-27)

Orléans, France

Died 20 July 1031 (aged 59)

Melun, France

Buried Saint Denis Basilica, Paris, France

Predecessor Hugh Capet

Successor Henry I

Consort Rozala of Italy (c.937 – 1003)

Bertha of Burgundy

Constance of Arles (973 – 1034)

Issue Hugh Magnus, Rex Filius (1007 – 1025)

Henry I (1008 – 1060)

Adela, Countess of Flanders (1009 – 1063)

Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (1011 – 1076)

Royal House House of Capet

Father Hugh Capet (c.940 – 996)

Mother Adelaide of Aquitaine (952 - 1004)

Immediately after his coronation, Robert's father Hugh began to push for the coronation of Robert. Hugh's own claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona, an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated two kings should he die while on expedition. Ralph Glaber, however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to contol the nobility. Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the pretension of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholar have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain.[3] Robert was eventually crowned on 30 December that same year.

Robert began to take on active royal duties with his father in the early 990s. In 991, he helped his father prevent the French bishops from trekking to Mousson in the Kingdom of Germany for a synod called by Pope John XV, with whom Hugh was then in disagreement. When Hugh died in 996, Robert continued to reign without any succession dispute.

Marital problems:

Robert had married the daughter of Berengar II of Italy, Rozala (who took the name of Susannah upon becoming Queen), who was many years his senior, as early as 989. She was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, with whom she still had children, and their marriage was arranged by Hugh. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death. He tried instead to marry Bertha, daughter of Conrad of Burgundy, around the time of his father's death. She was a widow of Odo I of Blois, but was also Robert's cousin. For this reason, Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor, Sylvester II, the marriage was annulled.

Finally, in 1001, Robert contracted his final and longest-lasting marriage: to Constance of Arles, the daughter of William I of Provence. She was an intriguing and ambitious woman, who made life miserable for her husband by encouraging her sons to revolt against their father.

Piety:

Robert, however, despite his marital problems, was a very devout Roman Catholic, hence his sobriquet "the Pious." He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and making his palace a place of religious seclusion, where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. However, to contemporaries, Robert's "piety", resulted from his lack of toleration for heretics: he harshly punished them.

Military career:

The kingdom Robert inherited was not large, and in an effort to increase his power, he vigorously pursued his claim to any feudal lands which became vacant, which action usually resulted in war with a counter-claimant. In 1003, his invasion of the Duchy of Burgundy was thwarted and it would not be until 1016 that he was finally able to get the support of the Church and be recognized as Duke of Burgundy.

The pious Robert made few friends and many enemies, including his own sons: Hugh Magnus, Henry, and Robert. They turned against their father in a civil war over power and property. Hugh died in revolt in 1025. In a conflict with Henry and the younger Robert, King Robert's army was beaten and he retreated to Beaugency outside Paris, his capital. He died in the middle of the war with his sons on 20 July 1031 at Melun. He was interred with Constance in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by son Henry in both France and Burgundy.

Children:

Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children:

Constance, married Manasses de Dammartin

Hedwig (or known as Advisa of Auxerre), married Renauld I, Count of Nevers on 25 January 1016 and had issues.

Hugh Magnus, co-king (1017–1025)

Henry I, successor

Robert, became Duke of Burgundy

Odo (1013–c.1056), who may have been mentally retarded and died after his brother's failed invasion of Normandy

Adela (d. 1079), married firstly Richard III of Normandy and secondly Baldwin V of Flanders.

Robert also left an illegitimate son: Rudolph, Bishop of Bourges.

Robert II of France

House of Capet

Born: 27 March 972 Died: 20 July 1031

New institution co-King of France

Under Hugh Capet

30 December 987–24 October 996 Succeeded by

Hugh (II) Magnus

Preceded by

Hugh Capet King of France

With:

Hugh (II) Magnus as co-King

(19 June 1017–17 September 1026);

Henry I as co-King

(14 May 1027–29 July 1031)

24 October 996–29 July 1031 Succeeded by

Henry I

----------------------------------------------

Robert II (27 March 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious or the Wise, was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine.

Co-rule with father

Immediately after his own coronation, Robert's father Hugh began to push for the coronation of Robert. "The essential means by which the early Capetians were seen to have kept the throne in their family was through the association of the eldest surviving son in the royalty during the father's lifetime," Andrew W. Lewis has observed, in tracing the phenomenon in this line of kings who lacked dynastic legitimacy.[1] Hugh's claimed reason was that he was planning an expedition against the Moorish armies harassing Borrel II of Barcelona, an invasion which never occurred, and that the stability of the country necessitated a co-king, should he die while on expedition.[2] Ralph Glaber, however, attributes Hugh's request to his old age and inability to control the nobility.[3] Modern scholarship has largely imputed to Hugh the motive of establishing a dynasty against the claims of electoral power on the part of the aristocracy, but this is not the typical view of contemporaries and even some modern scholars have been less sceptical of Hugh's "plan" to campaign in Spain.[4] Robert was eventually crowned on 30[citation needed] December 987. A measure of Hugh's success is that when Hugh died in 996, Robert continued to reign without any succession dispute, but during his long reign actual royal power dissipated into the hands of the great territorial magnates.

Robert had begun to take on active royal duties with his father in the early 990s. In 991, he helped his father prevent the French bishops from trekking to Mousson in the Kingdom of Germany for a synod called by Pope John XV, with whom Hugh was then in disagreement.

Marital problems

As early as 989, having been rebuffed in his search for a Byzantine princess,[5] Hugh Capet arranged for Robert to marry the recently-widowed daughter of Berengar II of Italy, Rozala, who took the name of Susannah upon becoming Queen.[6] She was many years his senior. She was the widow of Arnulf II of Flanders, with whom she had children, the oldest of whom was of age to assume the offices of count of Flanders. Robert divorced her within a year of his father's death. He tried instead to marry Bertha, daughter of Conrad of Burgundy, around the time of his father's death. She was a widow of Odo I of Blois, but was also Robert's cousin. For reasons of consanguinity, Pope Gregory V refused to sanction the marriage, and Robert was excommunicated. After long negotiations with Gregory's successor, Sylvester II, the marriage was annulled.

Finally, in 1001, Robert entered into his final and longest-lasting marriage: to Constance of Arles, the daughter of William I of Provence. She was an ambitious and scheming woman, who made life miserable for her husband by encouraging her sons to revolt against their father.

Piety

Robert, however, despite his marital problems, was a very devout Catholic, hence his sobriquet "the Pious." He was musically inclined, being a composer, chorister, and poet, and making his palace a place of religious seclusion, where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. However, to contemporaries, Robert's "piety" also resulted from his lack of toleration for heretics: he harshly punished them.

Military career

The kingdom Robert inherited was not large, and in an effort to increase his power, he vigorously pursued his claim to any feudal lands which became vacant, which action usually resulted in war with a counter-claimant. In 1003, his invasion of the Duchy of Burgundy was thwarted and it would not be until 1016 that he was finally able to get the support of the Church and be recognized as Duke of Burgundy.

The pious Robert made few friends and many enemies, including his own sons: Hugh Magnus, Henry, and Robert. They turned against their father in a civil war over power and property. Hugh died in revolt in 1025. In a conflict with Henry and the younger Robert, King Robert's army was beaten and he retreated to Beaugency outside Paris, his capital. He died in the middle of the war with his sons on 20 July 1031 at Melun. He was interred with Constance in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his son Henry, in both France and Burgundy.

Children

Robert had no children from his short-lived marriage to Susanna. His illegal marriage to Bertha gave him one stillborn son in 999, but only Constance gave him surviving children:[7]

   * Constance, married Manasses de Dammartin