Red Cloud

Red Cloud was an Oglala Sioux man (Lakota) from the Pine Ridge Reservation

Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Wazí Aháŋhaŋ Oyáŋke (Lakota). Oglala Lakota Reservation
Source: Wikipedia contributors. "Pine Ridge Indian Reservation." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 27 Mar. 2024. Web. 3 Apr. 2024.

In addition to the main Reservation which is shown in orange, there are also pockets of trust and tribal lands in the SE quadrant (colored white)
Source: Map of Pine Ridge | Lakota Friends Circle. www.lakotafriendscircle.org/pine-ridge-2/pine-ridge/. Accessed 3 Apr. 2024.

Source: Intern, Comm. “Graduate Student Spotlight: Elisha Yellow Thunder.” SD EPSCoR, 22 Oct. 2021, sdepscor.org/graduate-student-spotlight-elisha-yellow-thunder/. Accessed 3 Apr. 2024.

The Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota is one of the poorest areas in the United States. The reservation has few natural resources and no industry. 97% of the population lives below the federal poverty line, with a median household income of $2,600–$3,500 per year. The unemployment rate is 90%.

Biography:
Born c. 1852, Red Cloud was a Lakota (Oglala tribe) from the Pine Ridge Reservation, his parents were...

According to Carls Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, Red Cloud was committed from Pine Ridge on April 10, 1907, and diagnosed with chronic dementia, revised in 1910 to dementia praecox, hebephrenic (Dementia is a general term for loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life. Dementia praecox is a term that was previously used to describe schizophrenia, and hebephrenia is a subtype of dementia praecox that is characterized by incoherence, delusions, and flat affect. Hebephrenia is also known as disorganized schizophrenia.)

According to the letter dated February 17, 1934, from Dr. L.L. Culp to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Red Cloud did die at the Canton Asylum on December 12, 1910, committed from the Pine Ridge Agency, and was buried in the Canton Hiawatha Cemetery, tier 4 plot 30.

His profile is part of the The Canton Asylum One Place Study.

Research Notes:
-Red Cloud is NOT in the Asylum 1911 census
-This Red Cloud is NOT a descendant of Chief Red Cloud, aka Marpiya Luta, a name which has been passed down to succeding generations
-This Red Cloud was Lakota, Oglala Sioux, the first census of which was generated in 1913, two years after his death. Before 1913, the Oglala Sioux Indians were in the Pine Ridge census reports.
-Marpiya = Cloud, Luta = Red
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Sources:

1910 Jul 2 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll015unit/page/n501/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 502/519, line 21, census of the Asylum for Insane Indians

1910 Aug 12 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=675, line 86, Table 7 Form of mental disease of those admitted since opening of Asylum

1910 Aug 12 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=677, line 37, Table 8 Form of mental disease of those in Asylum, June 30, 1910, revised

1910 Dec 7 - Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/14493860/red-cloud: accessed April 2, 2024), memorial page for Red Cloud (unknown–7 Dec 1910), Find a Grave Memorial ID 14493860, citing Hiawatha Asylum Cemetery, Canton, Lincoln County, South Dakota, USA; Maintained by Jim Nelson (contributor 47275092).
(Curator Note: Caution, some data on FaG is for a different person named Red Cloud!)

1910 Dec 7 - Hilton, M. (Ed.). (2023, July 10). Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians Historical Marker. Historical Marker. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=183486 Photo by Ruth VanSteenwyk, July 10, 2023, courtesy of HMdb.org

Silas Hawk 5-12-10 · Red Cloud 12-7-10 · Howling Wolf 3-30-11