Olaf II "the Black", King of Isle of Man

Óláfr Guðrøðarson, commonly known in English as Olaf the Black, was a mid 13th century sea king who ruled the Isle of Man (Mann) and parts of the Hebrides.

Wikipedia

Olaf II "The Black" Gudrödsson, King of Mann and the Isles

Óláfr Guðrøðarson (IPA: 'oːlaːvr 'guðruðarsson), commonly known in English as Olaf the Black, was a mid 13th century sea-king who ruled the Isle of Man (Mann) and parts of the Hebrides. Óláfr was the son of Guðrøðr Óláfsson, King of the Isles, King of Dublin, and his wife Finnguala, granddaughter of Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King of Ireland, King of Cenél nEógain. Óláfr was a younger son of his father; his elder brother Rögnvaldr more than likely had a different mother. According to the Chronicle of Mann, Guðrøðr appointed Óláfr as heir since he had been born "in lawful wedlock". Whether or not this is the case, on Guðrøðr's death in 1187 the Manxmen instead appointed Rögnvaldr as king, as he was a capable adult and Óláfr was a mere child. Rögnvaldr ruled the Crovan dynasty's island-kingdom for almost 40 years, during which time the half-brothers vied for the kingship.

At one point Óláfr, who had been given possession of Lewis, complained to Rögnvaldr that his lands were not enough. Rögnvaldr's response was seize Óláfr and send him to the King of Scots, where he was imprisoned for almost seven years. Upon his release, Óláfr undertook a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, after which the half-brothers were reconciled and Rögnvaldr had Óláfr married to Lauon, the sister of his own wife. Sometime after 1217 this marriage was nullified by Reginald, Bishop of the Isles, who may have been an ally of Óláfr against Rögnvaldr. Óláfr then married Christina, a daughter of the King of Scots' protégé Ferchar, Earl of Ross. The chronicle claims that Rögnvaldr's bitter wife tricked their own son, Guðrøðr, into attempting to kill Óláfr; however, Óláfr narrowly escaped with his life and fled to the protection of his father-in-law on the mainland. Together with a loyal follower, one Páll Bálkason, Óláfr later defeated Guðrøðr on Skye.

In the 1220s Rögnvaldr formed an alliance with Alan, Lord of Galloway, in an attempt to fend off Óláfr. Rögnvaldr married his daughter to one of Alan's sons, and it has been theorised that this son was intended to inherit the island-kingdom. Rögnvaldr's actions enraged the Manxmen and in 1226 they deposed him in favour of Óláfr. Rögnvaldr was later killed battling Óláfr in 1229.

In 1230 Óláfr fled to Norway to seek military assistance against Alan and members of Clann Somairle. The Norwegian king's response was to send a fleet into the Isles under the command of Óspakr Ögmundsson, a member of Clann Somairle. Óspakr was slain early in the campaign, after which Óláfr took control of the fleet and secured himself on Mann. The island-kingdom was divided between him and his mutilated nephew Guðrøðr, with the latter ruling the Hebridean portion and Óláfr ruling Mann itself. Guðrøðr was soon after killed on Lewis, and Óláfr ruled the whole Kingdom of Mann and the Isles peacefully, until his death in 1237. Óláfr's restoration on Mann was seen as a success by the Norwegians, and likely favourably viewed by the Scots as well; since the internal struggle between him and his rivals had been brought to an end. Óláfr was succeeded by his son, Haraldr. In all, three of Óláfr's sons ruled the Crovan dynasty's island-kingdom—the last of which, Magnus Olafsson, was also the last of the dynasty to rule.

• English Wikipedia: Olaf the Black

Family

He was married three times.

"[Olave the Black] died about 1237, having been thrice married ; first, to a daughter of one of the leading families of Kintyre, by whom he had three sons--Harold, Reginald, and Magnus, all of whom successively reigned as Kings of Man. . . . Olave the Red [sic] had no issue by his second marriage ; but having married, thirdly, Christina, daughter of Farquhar, Earl of Ross, he had by her three sons--1. Leod, or Loyd, Progenitor of the Macleods. 2. Guin, from whom the Clan Gunn of Sutherland and Caithness, and 3. Leandruis, of whom Clan Leandruis, or Gillanders" (MacKenzie, pp. 4-5).

Another source says:

"Some time after his return to Lodhus, Olaf decided to marry again in 1218 to ‘Jauon’ (i.e., Joan) a sister of the Queen of Man. Reginald, the Bishop of the Isles, now took action and convening the Synod, demanded that Olaf must divorce his wife on the ground that she was cousin german to his first wife. Olaf complained that his first marriage was not confirmed: Bishop Reginald was adamant: Joan had to go. In 1222, Olaf married his third wife, Christina daughter of Farquhar, Earl of Ross."

Married (1) Unknown lady of Kintyre

1. Harald I (died 1248)
2. Ragnvald (died 1249)
3. Magnus (died 1265)

Married (2) Lavon, a cousin of his wife and sister of the unnamed wife of Ragnvald IV Gudrödsson,

Married (3) Christine, daughter of Ferquhard, earl of Ross

1. (wrongly attributed) Leod
2. (wrongly attributed) Gunni, ancestor of Clan Gunn
3. (wrongly attributed) Leaundres, ancestor of Clan Leanders or Gillanders
4. (perhaps) Godred (died 1238)

Olaf has also been speculated as father:

• Wife of Leod (above)
• Wife of Óttarr Snaekollson

Sources

• Chronicon Manniæ, Or a Chronicle of the Kings of Man, John Gillies, transl. (1784).
• The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys (Manx Society edition, 1874).
• Stewart Baldwin, The Kings of the Isle of Man.
• Sir Robert Douglas of Glenbervie, Dugdale's Baronage of Scotland (1798).
• Alexander MacKenzie (F.S.A. Scot.), "The History of the MacLeods" in The Celtic Magazine Vol. 11 (Nov. 1885) No. 112, pp. 1-8.
• Andrew P. MacLeod, "The Ancestry of Leod" in Clan MacLeod Magazine, No. 91, November, 2000.
• William Matheson, "The Ancestry of the MacLeods" in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Vol. LI (1978-80), 1981, pp. 68-80.
• Alick Morrison, The Origin of Leod (1986).
• W. D. H. Sellar, "Ancestry of the MacLeods Reconsidered" in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Vol. LV, 1997-1998, The Gaelic Society of Inverness, 2000, pp. 233-258.
• Wikipedia: Clan Gillanders.
• Wikipedia: Clan Gunn.
• Wikipedia: Clan MacLeod.
• Wikipedia: Leod.
• clanmacfarlanegenealogy.info: Olaf "the Black" Godredson, King of Man and the Isles.

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GODRED (-Isle of St Patrick, Isle of Man 10 Nov 1187, bur Iona). The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum names “Godredum” as the child of “Olavus filius Godredi Crovan” and his wife “Affricam…filiam Fergus de Galwedia”[1295]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that “Godred filius eius” returned from Norway after his father was killed, murdered one of his cousins and blinded the other two, after which he reigned for 33 years[1296]. King of Man. "Guthredus…rex Insularum" exchanged land "Eschedala" for "ecclesia sancti Olavi et villula…Euastad" with St Bees by undated charter, witnessed by "…Gillochristo fratre et collactaneo meo…"[1297]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that King Godred was defeated by Somerled Lord of Argyll in 1158 and fled to Norway to seek help[1298]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records the death “IV Id Nov” in 1187 of King Godred “in insula Sancti Patricii in Mannia” and his burial the following summer in “insulam…Hy”[1299]. m (1176) FINGOLA, daughter of --- of Ireland & his wife ---. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that King Godred married “Phingola filia MacLotlen filii Murkartac regis Hiberniæ”, mother of his son, in a Christian marriage ceremony in 1176[1300]. Godred & his wife had one child:

a) OLAV ([1172/73]-21 May 1237, bur Rushen St Mary). The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum names Olav as the son of King Godred and his wife, adding that he was three years old when his parents were married[1301]. King of Man. OLAV, son of GODRED King of Man & his wife Fingola --- ([1172/73]-21 May 1237, bur Rushen St Mary). The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum names Olav as the son of King Godred and his wife, adding that he was three years old when his parents were married[1329]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that the Manxman chose Olav’s older brother Ragnall as king, against the wishes of their father, adding in a later passage that Ragnall granted the island of Lewes to Olav but that Olav was later imprisoned by William I King of Scotland, was freed by the latter’s son King Alexander I and returned to Lewes[1330]. King of Man. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that Olav recovered Man from his half-brother in 1226[1331]. The History of Olave the Black King of Man records that “Olave son of Godred was…King of Man” in 1229 when he resisted Alan Lord of Galloway[1332]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that Olav kept Man when he agreed to divide his kingdom with his nephew Godred in 1230, the latter ruling in the Isles[1333]. "Olavus rex Insularum" donated "boves…oves et porcos" to St Bees by undated charter, witnessed by "…Therkillo filio Nigelli…"[1334]. Henry III King of England made a grant of property to "Olaf King of Man and the Isles" for "his homage and services in guarding at his expense the coast of the English sea towards Ireland and the Isle of Man…" by charter dated 11 Jul 1235[1335]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records the death “XII Kal Jun” in 1237 of “Olavus Godredi filius rex Manniæ et Insularum” and his burial “in abbatia Sanctæ Mariæ de Russin”[1336].
m firstly ---. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that Olav had previously married “consobrinam” of his second wife, which provided the reason for his divorce[1337].
m secondly JOAN, daughter of ---. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that King Ragnall arranged the marriage of his half-brother Olav to “filiam cujusdam nobilis de Kentyre germanam uxoris suæ, nomine Jauon” from whom he was later divorced on grounds of consanguinity[1338].
m thirdly CHRISTINA, daughter of FERQUHARD MacTaggart Earl of Ross & his wife ---. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that Olav of Man married thirdly “Scristinam filiam Ferkar comitis de Ros”[1339].
Olav & his third wife had four children:

1. HARALD ([1222/23]-drowned 1249). The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that “Haraldus filius eius” succeeded as king on the death of Olav in 1237, being 14 years old and reigning for 12 years[1340]. King of Man. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that Harald and his wife were drowned while returning to Man from Norway in 1249[1341]. m ([1246/47]%29 as her second husband, CECILIA Haakonsdatter, widow of GREGORIUS Andersson, illegitimate daughter of HAAKON "den Gamle/the Old" King of Norway & his mistress --- (-drowned 1248). The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that Harald King of Man married “rex Norwegiæ…filiam suam”[1342]. The Chronicle of Lanercost records that "Haraldum regem Manniæ" married "Haco rex Nortweyæ…filiam suam" in 1247[1343]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that Harald and his wife were drowned while returning to Man from Norway in 1249[1344].
2. GODRED (-drowned 1237 or after). The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum names “Godredum Holavi filium…puerum” when recording that “Loglenum consanguineis suis”, whom his brother had left as regent in Man, fled with him to Wales but were drowned on the way[1345].
3. RAGNALD (-killed Rushen 30 May 1249, bur Rushen St Mary). The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that “Reginaldus frater eius” succeeded after the death of King Harald in 1249[1346]. King of Man. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that King Ragnall was killed 30 May 1249 “ab Yvaro milite…in prato quodam prope ecclesiam Sanctæ Trinitatis in Russin” and was buried “in ecclesia Sanctæ Mariæ de Russin”[1347].
4. MAGNUS (-24 Nov 1265, bur Rushen St Mary). A charter dated 14 Nov 1251 records that "Magnus Mac Olave Duff proposed to raise a force in Ireland to invade the territory of the King of Norway in the Isle of Man" and the order of King Henry III that "no force shall be permitted to leave Ireland for that purpose"[1348]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that “Magnus filius Olavi” returned to Man in 1252 and installed as king[1349]. King of Man. Haco’s Expedition against Scotland names “Magnus King of Man” in 1263[1350]. The Continuator of the History of William of Newburgh records the death in 1265 of “the King of Man” after which the island “became tributary to the king of Scotland, who paid for it yearly a certain sum to the king of Norway [and] kings ceased to reign in Man”[1351]. The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records the death “VIII Kal Dec” in 1265 of King Magnus and his burial “in abbatia Sanctæ Mariæ de Russyn”, after which Man was transferred to Alexander III King of Scotland[1352]. The Liber Pluscardensis records the death in 1267 of "regulus Manniæ"[1353]. m as her first husband, MARY of Argyll, daughter of EWEN of Argyll & his wife --- (-[28 Sep 1300/10 Oct 1303], bur London, Grey Friars Church). The Liber Pluscardensis records the marriage of "regulus Manniæ…viduam…filiam domini de Arcadia" and "comes de Strathern Malisius"[1354]. The Extracta ex Cronicis Scocie records the death of "Rex Mannie" and the marriage of "eius relictam, filiam comitis Ergadie Eugenii" to "Malisius comes de Stratherne", among passages dealing with events in 1268[1355]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. She married secondly ([1268]%29 as his fourth wife, Malise Earl of Strathearn, thirdly (before 5 Apr 1281) Hugh Abernethy of that Ilk, and fourthly (before 10 Apr 1299) as his second wife, William FitzWarin. "Maria Regina de Man quondam uxor domini Willelmi filii Warini" is named in the Wardrobe Accounts in Dec 1299[1356]. The deaths of “dñs Willm Fizwarryn Baro et Isabella ux sua quoda Regina Man” are recorded in Grey Friars Church, London[1357]. Magnus & his wife had [one child]:

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTTISH%20NOBILITY.htm#dauOlavMSom...

Harald (ca 1223-1248), kung på Isle of Man 1237-1248, drunknade tillsammans med sin hustru Cecilia år 1248 vid en sjöolycka på deras bröllopsresa. Cecilia var dotter till kung Håkon IV av Norge.

Olav Svarte bör vara född år 1173, eftersom föräldrarna gifter sig år 1176 och då sägs det uttryckligen att Olav var 3 år gammal. Kyrkan tvingade Olav Svarte att skilja sig från Lawon av Kintyre, då hon var för nära släkt med hans tidigare hustru. 'Know you not that your lived long with the cousin of her whom you now have as your wife' ?

(Källa: Chronicle of Man and the Isles gm May Teistevoll)

Var även gift med Christina, dotter till Ferguard, jarl av Ross, Skottland, hon var hans tredje hustru. Young menar att äktenskapet med Cristina av Ross stod 1223 eller kort tidigare.

(Källa: G.V.C Young, 1986)

Olof II Gudrödsson anses vara den förste kände, som förde det egendomliga och sällsynta vapnet med sina tre springande ben. Vapnet finns avbildat på Isle of Mans statssvärd, som traditionellt tillskrives Olof. Detta fordrar en datering till omkring 1230. Experter från Brittish Museum har daterat svärdet till omkring 1250. (Källa: Jämten 1969, C.R. Carlsson)

Kung Isle of Man och Hebriderna 1226-1237.

(Källa: Regentlängd för Isle of Man)

A struggle took place between Reginald (Godredson) and Olaf(Godredson) II. Reginald elder, but declared illegitimate. Olaf, younger, claiming legitimate succession.

(Källa: Frances Coakley)

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Godred under sitt liv hade utsett Olave att lyckas med riket, för arv tillhörde honom rätt, eftersom han var född i lagligt äktenskap, och hade bjudit alla människor of Man att utse Olave kung efter sin egen död, och bevara okränkbara sin trohetsed. Hur någonsin, efter döden av Godred skickade invånarna på Isle of sina budbärare till öarna för Reginald, och gjorde honom till konung, eftersom han var en man av energi och mognare ålder. Ty de fruktade svagheten i Olave, för han bara var en pojke tio år gammal, och de ansåg att en person, som på grund av sitt anbud ålder, visste inte hur man direkt själv, skulle ha varit helt oförmögen att regera sina undersåtar. Detta var anledningen till att folk Man utsåg Reginald kung. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys)

Vet du inte att du levt länge med kusin henne som du nu har på din fru? Olave förnekade inte sanningen om vad som sagts, och medgav att han länge hade behållit sin kusin som en konkubin. En synod därför samlades, och i det biskop Reginald canonically separerade Olave son Godred och Lauon hans fru. Efteråt gifte Olave Christina, dotter till Fenquhard, earl av Ross. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys)

Under år 1187, den 10 november, Godred, kung av öarna, dog på ön St Patrick, i Man. I början av nästa sommar hans kropp flyttades till ön heter Lona (ETT Kloster In Inre Hebriderna). Han lämnade tre söner, Reginald, Olave, och Ivar. Reginald, då en fullvuxen ung man, var frånvarande i öarna. Olave, men ändå en mycket ung pojke, bosatt i Man. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys)

Olof var Aven Gift med Christina, Dr till Ferguard, Jarl AV-Ross, Skottland, älskling var hans Tredje hustru. Unga menar ATT äktenskapet MED Cristina AV-Ross stod 1223 tidigare Eller kort. (Fra Skanke-slektens historie, GVC Young, 1986)

Olaf (Svarte) och Godred (son Reginald) anlände 1230 tillsammans i den norska flottan, och omedelbart delade riket mellan sig själva. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys noterar 37)

Olof II Gudrödsson Anses Vara Kande den første, SOM DET Förde egendomliga and sällsynta Vapnet MED SINA Tre springande ben. Vapnet finländare avbildat In Isle of Mans statssvärd, SOM traditionellt tillskrives Olof. Detta fordrar en datering till Omkring 1230. Experter fran British Museum HAR daterat svärdet till Omkring 1250. (Jämten 1969, C. R. Carlsson)

Olav II i Isle of Man, även känd som Olav den svarta, var kung på Isle of Man från 1.229 till 1.237. Olav var son till Godred V och Findguala från Irland, och halvbror till sin föregångare, Ragnald. Hans yngre bror Ragnald IV tillskansat hans arvsrätt till tronen och det var först efter år av kampanjarbete mot sin brors regel att Olav dödade honom och tog tronen i år 1229. Å andra sidan, källor hävdar att Findguala var hans fars tredje och sista hustru, som förmodligen skulle göra Olav som den yngre brodern. Han var dock den avsedda efterträdare av sin far. Olav drevs ut ur människan av Alan, Lord of Galloway och tvingades fly till Norge om hjälp. I början av 1230 Olav och hans brorson, Godred Donn, seglade från Norge i en flotta under befäl av Gilla Esbuig mac Dubgaill. Flottan av 12 fartyg stärktes med 20 mer som flottan stannade på Orkney på väg till Skottlands västkust. Enligt sagan konton flottan hade vuxit till cirka 80 fartyg och över 3000 män med den tid som gick in i Firth of Clyde i runt juni. Den kraft som invaderade Isle of Bute och fångade Rothesay Castle som hölls av de mäktiga Stewart dynastin. De sagor berättar om hur den norska kraft högg i väggen med sina yxor, eftersom det var mjukt. Gilla Esbuig, som var severly sårad i belägringen av Rothesay slottet, snart dog och begravdes i Iona. Det var efter döden av Gilla Esbuig mac Dubgaill att OLAF har befälet över flottan och senast hösten hade tagit kontroll över människan med lätthet. Olav dog år 1237 vid Peel Castle. Han efterträddes av sin son, som blev Harald jag på Isle of Man. Senare blev Olofs yngre son kung Magnus II. (Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedin)

Reginald (IV) gav sin bror Olave (II, Svarta) en viss ö som heter Lewis, som sägs vara mer omfattande än de andra öarna, men glest befolkat, eftersom det är bergig och stenig, och nästan helt otjänligt för odling. Invånarna lever främst av jakt och fiske. Olave intog ön och bosatte sig där, att leva, hur allt, mycket sparsamt. Konstaterade att ön inte kunde försörja sig själv och hans anhängare, gick han uppriktigt till sin bror Reginald, som då var bosatt i Isles, och talade till honom på följande sätt: Du vet, min bror och kung, att Konungariket öarna var gruva genom arvsrätt, men som Herrens valde dig för sin guvernör, inte agg jag inte det du, inte heller är jag missnöjd eftersom du har höjts till den högsta värdighet kung. Jag därför nu be att du kommer att tilldela mig hand någonstans i Isles tillräckligt för min egen anständigt underhåll och mina anhängare, för ön Lewis som du gav mig är inte lika med mitt stöd. När Reginald hade hört detta, lovade han att ta råd i ämnet, och returnera ett svar till framställningen nästa dag. När nästa dag hade grytt, och Olave hade koniska av kallelse, att tala med kungen, beordrade Reginald honom att tas i beslag, bunden och transporteras i kedjor till William, kung av Skottland, att hållas fången av den suveräna. Denna order utfördes, och Olave förblev fånge med kungen av Skottland nästan sju år. I sjunde året dog William, kung av Skottland, och efterträddes av sin son Alexander. Före sin död gav dock William anvisningar för befrielsen av alla som var instängd i hans fängelser. Olave sedan, har hans kedjor bort och återställs till frihet, gick till och en till sin bror Reginald, och kort därefter anges med en betydande närvaro av män av rang för helgedomen av St James. Återvänder från pilgrimsfärd, besökte han åter sin bror Reginald, av vem han togs emot på ett vänligt sätt. På den tiden Reginald orsakat hans bror Olave att gifta Lanon "dotter till en man av rang of Kintyre, syster till sin egen hustru, och gav honom den ovan nämnda ön Lewis, om Olave, ta avsked av sin bror, gick med hans hustru, mitt bodde där. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys)

http://www.espell.se/saga/pce5438da.html

Barn:

Ragnvald II (1195-1249), kung på Isle of Man.

Magnus (ca 1200-1265), siste norske kungen på Isle of Man 1262-1265.

Afreca, gift med Simon Montacu.

Gudröd (ca 1220-1237)

Vigsel: omkring 1215 2)

Skilsmässa: omkring 1220 2)

Familj med Christina av ROSS, Skottland (1200 - 1230)

Vigsel: omkring 1223 3)

Barn:

Magnhild OLOFSDOTTER (1228 - 1300)

Harald (ca 1223-1248), kung på Isle of Man 1237-1248, drunknade tillsammans med sin hustru Cecilia år 1248 vid en sjöolycka på deras bröllopsresa. Cecilia var dotter till kung Håkon IV av Norge.

Olav Svarte bör vara född år 1173, eftersom föräldrarna gifter sig år 1176 och då sägs det uttryckligen att Olav var 3 år gammal. Kyrkan tvingade Olav Svarte att skilja sig från Lawon av Kintyre, då hon var för nära släkt med hans tidigare hustru. 'Know you not that your lived long with the cousin of her whom you now have as your wife' ?

(Källa: Chronicle of Man and the Isles gm May Teistevoll)

Var även gift med Christina, dotter till Ferguard, jarl av Ross, Skottland, hon var hans tredje hustru. Young menar att äktenskapet med Cristina av Ross stod 1223 eller kort tidigare.

(Källa: G.V.C Young, 1986)

Olof II Gudrödsson anses vara den förste kände, som förde det egendomliga och sällsynta vapnet med sina tre springande ben. Vapnet finns avbildat på Isle of Mans statssvärd, som traditionellt tillskrives Olof. Detta fordrar en datering till omkring 1230. Experter från Brittish Museum har daterat svärdet till omkring 1250. (Källa: Jämten 1969, C.R. Carlsson)

Kung Isle of Man och Hebriderna 1226-1237.

(Källa: Regentlängd för Isle of Man)

A struggle took place between Reginald (Godredson) and Olaf(Godredson) II. Reginald elder, but declared illegitimate. Olaf, younger, claiming legitimate succession.

(Källa: Frances Coakley)

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Godred under sitt liv hade utsett Olave att lyckas med riket, för arv tillhörde honom rätt, eftersom han var född i lagligt äktenskap, och hade bjudit alla människor of Man att utse Olave kung efter sin egen död, och bevara okränkbara sin trohetsed. Hur någonsin, efter döden av Godred skickade invånarna på Isle of sina budbärare till öarna för Reginald, och gjorde honom till konung, eftersom han var en man av energi och mognare ålder. Ty de fruktade svagheten i Olave, för han bara var en pojke tio år gammal, och de ansåg att en person, som på grund av sitt anbud ålder, visste inte hur man direkt själv, skulle ha varit helt oförmögen att regera sina undersåtar. Detta var anledningen till att folk Man utsåg Reginald kung. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys)

Vet du inte att du levt länge med kusin henne som du nu har på din fru? Olave förnekade inte sanningen om vad som sagts, och medgav att han länge hade behållit sin kusin som en konkubin. En synod därför samlades, och i det biskop Reginald canonically separerade Olave son Godred och Lauon hans fru. Efteråt gifte Olave Christina, dotter till Fenquhard, earl av Ross. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys)

Under år 1187, den 10 november, Godred, kung av öarna, dog på ön St Patrick, i Man. I början av nästa sommar hans kropp flyttades till ön heter Lona (ETT Kloster In Inre Hebriderna). Han lämnade tre söner, Reginald, Olave, och Ivar. Reginald, då en fullvuxen ung man, var frånvarande i öarna. Olave, men ändå en mycket ung pojke, bosatt i Man. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys)

Olof var Aven Gift med Christina, Dr till Ferguard, Jarl AV-Ross, Skottland, älskling var hans Tredje hustru. Unga menar ATT äktenskapet MED Cristina AV-Ross stod 1223 tidigare Eller kort. (Fra Skanke-slektens historie, GVC Young, 1986)

Olaf (Svarte) och Godred (son Reginald) anlände 1230 tillsammans i den norska flottan, och omedelbart delade riket mellan sig själva. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys noterar 37)

Olof II Gudrödsson Anses Vara Kande den første, SOM DET Förde egendomliga and sällsynta Vapnet MED SINA Tre springande ben. Vapnet finländare avbildat In Isle of Mans statssvärd, SOM traditionellt tillskrives Olof. Detta fordrar en datering till Omkring 1230. Experter fran British Museum HAR daterat svärdet till Omkring 1250. (Jämten 1969, C. R. Carlsson)

Olav II i Isle of Man, även känd som Olav den svarta, var kung på Isle of Man från 1.229 till 1.237. Olav var son till Godred V och Findguala från Irland, och halvbror till sin föregångare, Ragnald. Hans yngre bror Ragnald IV tillskansat hans arvsrätt till tronen och det var först efter år av kampanjarbete mot sin brors regel att Olav dödade honom och tog tronen i år 1229. Å andra sidan, källor hävdar att Findguala var hans fars tredje och sista hustru, som förmodligen skulle göra Olav som den yngre brodern. Han var dock den avsedda efterträdare av sin far. Olav drevs ut ur människan av Alan, Lord of Galloway och tvingades fly till Norge om hjälp. I början av 1230 Olav och hans brorson, Godred Donn, seglade från Norge i en flotta under befäl av Gilla Esbuig mac Dubgaill. Flottan av 12 fartyg stärktes med 20 mer som flottan stannade på Orkney på väg till Skottlands västkust. Enligt sagan konton flottan hade vuxit till cirka 80 fartyg och över 3000 män med den tid som gick in i Firth of Clyde i runt juni. Den kraft som invaderade Isle of Bute och fångade Rothesay Castle som hölls av de mäktiga Stewart dynastin. De sagor berättar om hur den norska kraft högg i väggen med sina yxor, eftersom det var mjukt. Gilla Esbuig, som var severly sårad i belägringen av Rothesay slottet, snart dog och begravdes i Iona. Det var efter döden av Gilla Esbuig mac Dubgaill att OLAF har befälet över flottan och senast hösten hade tagit kontroll över människan med lätthet. Olav dog år 1237 vid Peel Castle. Han efterträddes av sin son, som blev Harald jag på Isle of Man. Senare blev Olofs yngre son kung Magnus II. (Wikipedia, den fria encyklopedin)

Reginald (IV) gav sin bror Olave (II, Svarta) en viss ö som heter Lewis, som sägs vara mer omfattande än de andra öarna, men glest befolkat, eftersom det är bergig och stenig, och nästan helt otjänligt för odling. Invånarna lever främst av jakt och fiske. Olave intog ön och bosatte sig där, att leva, hur allt, mycket sparsamt. Konstaterade att ön inte kunde försörja sig själv och hans anhängare, gick han uppriktigt till sin bror Reginald, som då var bosatt i Isles, och talade till honom på följande sätt: Du vet, min bror och kung, att Konungariket öarna var gruva genom arvsrätt, men som Herrens valde dig för sin guvernör, inte agg jag inte det du, inte heller är jag missnöjd eftersom du har höjts till den högsta värdighet kung. Jag därför nu be att du kommer att tilldela mig hand någonstans i Isles tillräckligt för min egen anständigt underhåll och mina anhängare, för ön Lewis som du gav mig är inte lika med mitt stöd. När Reginald hade hört detta, lovade han att ta råd i ämnet, och returnera ett svar till framställningen nästa dag. När nästa dag hade grytt, och Olave hade koniska av kallelse, att tala med kungen, beordrade Reginald honom att tas i beslag, bunden och transporteras i kedjor till William, kung av Skottland, att hållas fången av den suveräna. Denna order utfördes, och Olave förblev fånge med kungen av Skottland nästan sju år. I sjunde året dog William, kung av Skottland, och efterträddes av sin son Alexander. Före sin död gav dock William anvisningar för befrielsen av alla som var instängd i hans fängelser. Olave sedan, har hans kedjor bort och återställs till frihet, gick till och en till sin bror Reginald, och kort därefter anges med en betydande närvaro av män av rang för helgedomen av St James. Återvänder från pilgrimsfärd, besökte han åter sin bror Reginald, av vem han togs emot på ett vänligt sätt. På den tiden Reginald orsakat hans bror Olave att gifta Lanon "dotter till en man av rang of Kintyre, syster till sin egen hustru, och gav honom den ovan nämnda ön Lewis, om Olave, ta avsked av sin bror, gick med hans hustru, mitt bodde där. (Chronicle of Man och Sudreys)

http://www.espell.se/saga/pce5438da.html

Det officiella statsvapnet för Isle of Man. (Källa: Jämten 1969)

Händelse Datum Plats Källa Födelse omkr 1173 England, Isle of Man Chronicle of Man and the Isles Död 1237-05-21 England, Isle of Man Chronicle of Man and the Isles

Familj med: Lawon of Kintyre, Skottland Barn: Reginald II Olofsson (ca 1195-1249)

Händelse Datum Källa Vigsel omkr 1215 May Teistevoll Skilsmässa omkr 1220 May Teistevoll

Familj med Christina av ROSS (1200 - 1230) Barn: Magnhild (Maud) OLOFSDOTTER (1228 - 1300)

Händelse Datum Källa Vigsel omkr 1223 G.V.C. Young

Noteringar Var även gift med Christina, dotter till Ferguard, jarl av Ross, Skottland, hon var hans tred je hustru. Young menar att äktenskapet med Cristina av Ross stod 1223 eller kort tidigare. (K älla: G.V.C. Young)

Olof II Gudrödsson anses vara den förste kände, som förde det egendomliga och sällsynta vapne t med sina tre springande ben. Vapnet finns avbildat på Isle of Mans statssvärd, som traditio nellt tillskrives Olof. Detta fordrar en datering till omkring 1230. Experter från Brittish M useum har daterat svärdet till omkring 1250. (Källa: Jämten 1969, C.R. Carlsson)

Crovan dynastin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crovan_dynasty) omfattar ättlingar till
Gudröd I Corvan Haraldsson (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godred_Crovan)
Kung på Isle of Man och Hebriderna 1079-1095
Gudröd Corvan grundade kungadynastin på Söderöarna (Isle of Man och Hebriderna).

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilhemoire]

Gilhemoire (alternatively written as; Gillemorrie, Gillemhuire, or Gillemhoire) was a natural (yet illegitimate — born out of wedlock) son of Olaf the Black and Lauon, a Kintyre noblewoman. Olaf and Lauon's marriage was not considered legitimate due to their kinship (cousins). Eventually the marriage was nullified by Bishop Reginald of the Isles, and Gilhemoire was declared illegitimate (concerning possible ascension to the Throne of the Isle of Man).[1] This account is sourced from the Bannatyne Manuscript,[2] and is verified by the oral traditions of the Clans Morrison and MacLeod.

Olaf the Black sired two sons in the Hebrides (in addition to at least 3 other sons in Norway). The sons were Leod and Gilhemoire, who became the progenitors of the Clans MacLeod and Morrison.[3] Gilhemoire and Leod were half-brothers, Leod having been born of Christiana (daughter of Ferquhar, Earl of Ross), Olaf's third wife.[1] "The Morrisons, or Clann Mac Giolla Mhoire, descend from Gillemoire, illegitimate brother of Leod, thirteenth century ancestor of the MacLeods. Their territory lay in the extreme north of Lewis, the Morrisons being hereditary brieves, or brehon judges, for the whole island."[4]

Gilhemoire is noted by the Morrisons of Ness and Harris [5] (to the present day) as the first of the Morrison Clan, (Gaelic: MacGilleMhoire)

His place of birth has not been established, although most of the line believe Gilhemoire to have been born in The Isle of Lewis (The Lewes).

Gilhemoire married the last heiress (unnamed) of the Clan Igaa (Clan Gow, or Clan Harris), thereby acquiring the Castle Phabbay on the Island of Phabbay (which borders Harris). There was a split in the Clan Morrison, and some of Gilhemoire's descendants remain in this area of Scotland in modern times (The Morrisons of Harris).[1] Understanding the Gaelic to English Translations 'Gilhemoire' means 'Servant of the Virgin Mary'.[6]

extract: Marriages, and nephew Guðrøðr Rögnvaldsson[edit]

Lauon's name as it appears on folio 42r of British Library Cotton MS Julius A VII (the Chronicle of Mann): "Lauon".[15] Upon Óláfr's return the chronicle says that Rögnvaldr welcomed him back and had him marry Lauon, the daughter of a certain nobleman from Kintyre, who was also the sister of his own wife.[11] The precise identification of the father-in-law of Óláfr and Rögnvaldr is uncertain, but he may have been a member of Clann Somairle; possibly Ragnall mac Somairle, or his son Ruaidrí, who are both styled Lord of Kintyre in documents contemporaneous to their reigns.[16] The chronicle states that Rögnvaldr then gave Lewis back to Óláfr, where the newly-weds proceeded to live until the arrival of Reginald, Bishop of the Isles (d. c. 1226), sometime later.[11] According to the chronicle the bishop disapproved of Óláfr's marriage, as Óláfr had formerly had a concubine who was a cousin of Lauon. A synod was then assembled and the chronicle records that the marriage was nullified. Although at first glance the marriage appears to have been doomed, as it was deemed "as being within prohibited degree of kinship",[3][note 6] it may be that this was merely a convenient excuse, and that the contention between the half-brothers may have played a part in its demise.[17] It is also possible that Bishop Reginald may have released Óláfr from an arranged marriage which had been forced upon him; the bishop and Óláfr appear to have been close,[18] as the chronicle describes Bishop Reginald as a son of Óláfr's sister, and notes that Óláfr was glad at his coming to Lewis.[11] Furthermore, it was Bishop Reginald who annulled the marriage which Rögnvaldr had arranged for Óláfr. In fact, when the previous Bishop of the Isles died in 1217, Bishop Reginald had vied with a rival candidate for the position—a certain Nicholas—and there is evidence to suggest that Reginald was supported by Óláfr, while Óláfr's half-brother Rögnvaldr supported the bid of Nicholas.[18]

The chronicle states that Óláfr then married Christina, daughter of Ferchar mac an t-sagairt (d. c. 1251).[11] Óláfr's father-in-law emerges from historical obscurity in 1215 and, by the mid 1220s (about the time of, or not long after, the marriage), Ferchar had obtained the Earldom of Ross from Alexander II, King of Scots (d. 1249) for his part in defeating the Meic Uilleim northern rebellion in 1215.[19] The chronicle declares that Óláfr's separation from Lauon had enraged her sister, and Rögnvaldr's bitter queen sought to sow discord between the half-brothers. If the chronicle is to be believed, the queen secretly wrote under her husband's name to their son Guðrøðr, ordering him to seize and kill Óláfr. The chronicle states that Guðrøðr dutifully gathered a force on Skye and proceeded to Lewis, where he laid waste to most of the island before returning to Skye—Óláfr had narrowly escaped with a few men and fled to the protection of his father-in-law, on the mainland in Ross.[11]

Eilean Chaluim Chille, on Skye. The (former) island sits in a now drained loch. The island was long associated with a man now considered to be Páll Bálkason. It may be the island where Óláfr and Páll attacked and defeated Guðrøðr.[20]

One of the more powerful men in the Isles at this time, according to the chronicle, was a sheriff on Skye named Páll Bálkason. Páll refused to take up arms against Óláfr and he left Skye to live in Ross with Óláfr. After several days Páll and Óláfr secretly returned to Skye, according to the chronicle, and learned that Guðrøðr was stationed on the "island of St Columba".[11] The location and identity of the island are unknown for certain, although Iona and various places and islands on Skye are possible.[21] The chronicle tells how Óláfr and Páll rounded up their forces and dragged five ships from the seashore, which is described as being about two furlongs from the island, and subsequently surrounded Guðrøðr's island. The chronicle states that Óláfr and Páll assaulted the island at about 2–3 pm, and that everyone one of Guðrøðr's followers who was captured outside of the enclosure of the church was slain. Guðrøðr was seized, blinded and castrated. The chronicle claims that Óláfr did not consent to Guðrøðr's brutal mutilation, but was unable to prevent it due to Páll

[http://isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/manxsoc/msvol22/p074.htm] Chronicon Manniae et Insularum (Chronicle of Man and the Isles) - 1164-1225 [please note Munch's footnotes, textual readings and the latin text are still to be added and/or corrected]

In the year 1217, Nicholas, Bishop of the Isles died, and was buried in Ulster, in the monastery of Bangor, and was succeeded in the episcopacy by Reginald.

Here we think it well, for the benefit of our readers, to rehearse briefly something of the history of Reginald and Olave.

Reginald gave his brother Olave a certain island called Lewis, which is said to be more extensive than the other islands, but thinly peopled, because it is mountainous and rocky, and almost totally unfit for cultivation. The inhabitants live mostly by hunting and fishing. Olave took possession of this island and dwelt there; living, how ever, very scantily. Finding that the island could not support himself and his followers, he went frankly to his brother Reginald, who was then residing in the Isles, and spoke to him as follows: "You know, my brother and king, that the kingdom of the Isles was mine by hereditary right, but as the Lord chose you for its governor, I do not grudge it you, nor am I discontented because you have been raised to the supreme dignity of king. I now there-fore beg that you will allot me hand somewhere in the Isles sufficient for my own decent maintenance and that of my followers, for the island of Lewis which you gave me is unequal to my support." When Reginald had heard this, he promised to take advice on the subject, and return an answer to the petition next day. When next day had dawned, and Olave had conic by summons, to speak with the king, Reginald ordered him to be seized, bound, and carried in chains to William, King of Scotland, to be kept prisoner by that Sov ereign. This order was executed, and Olave remained prisoner with the King of Scotlamid nearly seven years. In the seventh year, William, king of Scotland, died, and was suc ceeded by his son Alexander. Before his death, however, William gave directions for the liberation of all who were confined in his prisons. Olave then, having his chains removed, and being restored to liberty, went to Man to his brother Reginald, and shortly afterwards set out with a considerable attendance of men of rank for the shrine of St. James. Returning from the pilgrimage, he again visited his brother Reginald, by whom he was received in a friendly manner. At that timne Reginald caused his brother Olave to marry Lauon the daughter of a certain man of rank of Kintyre, sister to his own wife, and gave him the aforesaid island of Lewis, whither Olave, taking leave of his brother, went with his wife, amid dwelt there.

After some days, Reginald bishop of the Isles, successor to bishop Nicholas, came to the Isles to visit the churches. Olave went to meet him with great alacrity, and was glad of his arrival, for the bishop was son of Olave's sister, and ordered a great banquet to be prepared. Reginald, however, said to Olave "I will not hold communication with you, brother, till the Catholic Church has canonically released you from the bonds of an unlawful marriage." The bishop added:

"Didn’t you know you lived long with the cousin of her by whom you now have as your wife?" Olave did not deny the truth of what had been said, and acknowledged that he had long kept her cousin as a concubine. A synod therefore was assembled, and in it bishop Reginald canonically separated Olave the son of Godred and Lauon his wife. Afterwards, Olave married Christina, daughter of Fenquhard, Earl of Ross.

[http://isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/manxsoc/msvol22/p089.htm] Chronicon Manniae et Insularum (Chronicle of Man and the Isles) - 1225-1249 [please note Munch's footnotes, textual readings and the latin text are still to be added and/or corrected]

In the following summer Olave taking hostages from all the chiefs of the Isles, came to Man with a fleet of 32 ships, and put into the port of Ronaldsway. On that occasion Reginald and Olave divided between themselves the kingdom of the Isles; Man, with the title of king, being allotted to Reginald in addition to his portion. Olave having received provisions from the people of Man, returned with his followers to the islands which formed his portion. The following year Reginald, taking with him Alan, Lord of Galloway, and the men of Man, set out for the Isles for the purpose of taking from his brother Olave the territory which he had given him, and bringing it again under his own dominion. But as the men of Man were unwilling to fight against Olave and the men of the Isles, for whom they had a great regard, Reginald and Alan the Lord of Galloway failed in their attempt, and returned home.

A short time after this, Reginald received from the people of Man 100 merks under the pretence of going to the court of the Lord King of England, but he went to the court of Alan, Lord of Galloway. At the same time he gave his daughter in marriage to the son of Alan. When the Manxmen heard of this they were greatly incensed, and sending for Olave appointed him king.

In the year of grace 1226, Olave recovered his inheritance, namely, the kingdom of Man, and of the Isles, which his brother Reginald had governed thirty-eight years; Olave's reign was undisturbed for two years.

In the year 1228, Olave, with all the chiefs of Man and the greater part of the people, sailed to the Isles. Soon after, Alan, Lord of Galloway, Thomas, Earl of Atholl, and King Reginald, came to Man with a large army, devastated all the southern portion of the island, plundered the churches, killed all the men they could lay hands upon, and reduced the south of Man almost to a wilderness. Alan then returned with his army to his own country, leaving bailiffs in Man to pay over to him the proceeds of the taxes upon the country. King Olave, however, returned and drove out the bailiffs and recovered his kingdom ; whereupon the people of Man, who had dispersed in every direction, camne together again, and dwelt in security.

During the same year, one midnight during winter, King Reginald came unexpectedly from Galloway with five ships, burnt during the same night all the ships of his brother Olave, and those of all the chiefs of Man, at the island of St. Patrick, and going round the country seeking to make terms with his brother, remained nearly forty days at Ronaldsway. In the interval he won over and gathered round himself all the Islanders who were in the southern part of Man. Some of them swore that they were ready to expose their lives in his cause, till he should be put in possession of half the kingdom of the Isles. King Olave, on the other hand, gathered together all tIme northern Mauxinen, and acquired by his words such influence over them, that their souls were but one with his. On the 14th of February, the festival of St. Valentine, martyr, King Olave came with his followers to the place called Tynwald, and waited there a short time. When Reginald approached the place, and was drawing up his forces in array to give battle to his brother, Olave with his followers advanced to meet them, rushed suddenly forward, and scattered them like sheep. Certain wicked men, coming up with King Reginald, slew him on the spot, but without the knowledge of his brother, who was much grieved when he heard of the event, though never to the end of his life did he avenge his brother's death. Many fell on this occasion, and the southern part of Man being subsequently visited and devastated by pirates, scarcely a single inhabitant was left. The monks of Rushen removed the body of King Reginald to the Abbey of St. Mary of Fur- ness, where he was buried in the place he had selected during his life.

Afterwards Olave went to the court of the King of Norway; but before his arrival into the King of Norway had appointed a certain nobleman of the royal race, by name Husbac, son of Owmund, king over the Sodor Islands, and gave him the name of Haco. Haco went with Olave and Godred Don, son of Reginald, and a large retinue of Norwegians to the Sodor islands. Arriving at the island named Bute, and seek to take the castle which is on it, Haco was struck by a stone and killed, and buried in the island of Iona.

In the year 1230, Olave, with Godred Don and the Norwecrians, went to Man, and divided between themselves (that is Olave and Godred Don) the kingdom of Man and of the Isles. Olave received Man for his share, but Godred going to the insular portion of the kingdom, was slain in the island of Lewis. After Godred's death, Olave held the kingdom of Man and the Isles, for the remainder of his life.

In the year 1237, on May 21st, died Olave, son of Godred, King of Man and the Isles, at the island of St. Patrick. He was buried in the abbey of St. Mary of Rushen. Olave reigned eleven years, two during the life of his brother Reginald, and for nine years afterwards he had possession of the whole kingdom. After his death Harold his son reigned in his place. Harold was fourteen years old when he began to reign, and he reigned twelve years. In the same summer in which his reign commenced, he passed over, with all his chiefs, to the Isles, leaving Loughlin, a relative of his, guardian of Man, until his return. He was received with great satisfaction by the inhabitants, who paid him every honour.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_the_Black https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicles_of_Mann http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/manxsoc/msvol22/index.htm