Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany

Margaret of Huntingdon

• Duchess of Brittany, Countess of Richmond
• Countess of Hereford
• Born 1145
• Died 1201
• Spouse Conan IV, Duke of Brittany
• Spouse Humphrey III de Bohun
• Spouse Sir William fitz Patrick de Hertburn
• Issue
• more... Constance, Duchess of Brittany
• Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford
• House Dunkeld
• Father Henry of Scotland
• Mother Ada de Warenne

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Biographical notes

From https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunkeld-28

Being a member of three influential and noble families and holding significant titles, Margaret likely played an important role in the affairs of England, Scotland, and Brittany during her early lifetime. Her marriage to Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, Constable of England, also known as Humphrey IV, further strengthened her connections as she became the Countess of Hereford. [3]

Imprisoned by Henry II, King of England

Margaret's life was profoundly shaped by her connections to her 2nd cousin, Henry II, King of England, and her brother, William I "the Lion," King of Scots. In April 1174, her brother's invasion of England resulted in his capture at the Battle of Alnwick in Northumberland on July 13, 1174. [10] After being held prisoner at Richmond in Yorkshire and later at Northampton, he was taken to France on August 8, 1174, where he eventually surrendered the independence of his kingdom to Henry II. This decision led to his release and return to Scotland on February 2, 1175. [11]

Meanwhile, at the urging of Henry II, Margaret was imprisoned at Rochester Castle in England in July 1174 and was later transferred to Rouen, France. The political maneuverings of her influential relatives had a significant impact on her life and placed her in challenging circumstances. [1][11][12]

About 1175, after her release from imprisonment, she married 2nd, Humphrey de Bohun, Knight of Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Constable of England, [13][1][2][4] who died in the 1181 military campaign of Henry II's sons to aid Philippe II of France against the count of Flanders. [4][7]

Biography

From < Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia >

Margaret of Huntingdon (1145[1] – 1201) was a Scottish princess and Duchess of Brittany. She was the sister of Scottish kings Malcolm IV and William I, wife of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, and the mother of Constance, Duchess of Brittany. Her second husband was Humphrey de Bohun, hereditary Constable of England. Following her second marriage, Margaret styled herself as the Countess of Hereford.

Family

Margaret was born in 1145, the second eldest daughter[2] of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumbria, and Ada de Warenne. She had an older sister Ada, and two younger sisters, Marjorie and Matilda. Two of her brothers, Malcolm and William were kings of Scotland, and she had another brother, David, Earl of Huntingdon, who married Maud of Chester. Her paternal grandparents were King David I of Scotland and Maud, Countess of Huntingdon. Her maternal grandparents were William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Elizabeth of Vermandois.

In 1152, when she was seven years of age, her father died.

Marriages and children

• In 1160, Margaret married her first husband, Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond. Upon her marriage, she was styled as the Duchess of Brittany and Countess of Richmond. Margaret's origins and first marriage deduced by Benedict of Peterborugh who recorded filia sororis regis Scotiae Willelmi comitissa Brittanniae gave birth in 1186 to filium Arturum.

Together Conan and Margaret had at least four children:

1. Constance, Duchess of Brittany (c. 1161 – September 1201), married firstly in 1181, Geoffrey Plantagenet, by whom she had three children, including Arthur I of Brittany; she married secondly in 1188, Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester; she married thirdly in 1199, Guy of Thouars, by whom she had twin daughters, including Alix of Thouars;
2. At least two children who died young;[3][a]
3. William (d. aft. 1199/1201).[4][b]

Margaret's husband died in February 1171, leaving her a widow at the age of twenty-six. Shortly before Easter 1171, she married her second husband, Humphrey III de Bohun, Hereditary Constable of England (c. 1155 – c. 1181). He was the son of Humphrey de Bohun and Margaret of Hereford. Hereafter, she styled herself Countess of Hereford. The marriage produced a son and a daughter:[c]

1. Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (1176 – 1 June 1220), a Magna Carta surety; he married Maud FitzGeoffrey, daughter of Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex by his first wife Beatrice de Say, having three children including Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, ancestor of the later Bohun earls of Hereford;
2. Matilda (d. aft. 1184/1185).[8]

Margaret's second husband died in late 1181 and she then married the English nobleman Sir William Fitzpatrick de Hertburn who acquired the lands of Washington in Durham in 1183. This marriage also produced three children:

1. Walter de Washington;
2. Sir William de Washington (c. 1183 – c. 1239), he married Alice de Lexington by whom he had issue. The Washington family descends from William;
3. Marjory de Washington, she married firstly David de Lindsay, and secondly Sir Malcolm FitzWaldeve, a.k.a. Sir Malcolm de Ingoe.

Margaret died in 1201 and was buried in Sawtry Abbey, Huntingdonshire. Her third and final husband had died around 1194.

Notes

• a. Margaret of Huntingdon made a donation for the souls of "herself, Duke Conan IV, and 'our boys', or 'our children' (pro salute anime... puerorum... nostrorum). This would seem to be a reference to at least one son of the marriage who did not survive infancy, leaving Constance as heiress in 1166." (Everard and Jones, The Charters of Duchess Constance and Her Family (1171-1221), The Boydell Press, 1999, p.94)
• b. Two charters made by Constance and her son Arthur towards 1200 mention a brother of Constance, William. As a boy, William should have inherited the duchy after Conan. According to Everard, Henry II's forcing Constance's father into abdicating in 1166 was meant to prevent any son of the Duke from inheriting the duchy. According to her, the fact that Constance's brother was called William seems to indicate that he was not an illegitimate son of Conan IV, as William was the name of one of Margaret of Huntingdon's brothers. (Everard, Judith (2000). Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire, 1158-1203. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.43)
• c. According to some theories, Margaret of Huntingdon had an additional daughter by either her first or second husband, Margaret (d. after 17 November 1189), second wife of count Pedro Manrique de Lara, Viscount of Narbonne. Contemporary documentation only provides evidence that this Margaret was a kinswoman of Henry II of England. Hypotheses have included the untenable suggestion that she was Margaret of Huntingdon herself,[5] that she was the daughter of one of her husbands,[6] a Bohun sister-in-law, or daughter of Henry's half-brother Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey.[7]
• Margaret and Conan’s only daughter and heiress Constance married Henry II of England's son Geoffrey Plantagenet.
• Margaret of Huntington, granddaughter of King David of Scotland

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Research Notes

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunkeld-28

Although the reference from Cawley suggests the possibilty of a third marriage, it is ambiguous and speculative. No other confirming sources were located. It is recommed that the spouse, William (de Washington) FitzPatrick Hertburn, and the child, William (Washington) de Washington, be removed. "There are two possible alternatives for Margaret's third marriage: (1) m thirdly as his second wife, conde don PEDRO Manrique de Lara Vicomte de Narbonne, son of conde don MANRIQUE Pérez de Lara & his wife Ermesinde Ctss de Narbonne (-Jan 1202, bur Santa María de Huerta). (2) m thirdly WILLIAM FitzPatrick alias de Hertburn, alias de Washington, of Greenlaw, Westmoreland, son of --- (-after 1184). [22]"

References

1. Cawley, Medlands. SCOTLAND, KINGS v4.6 Updated 22 January 2024 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#Margaretdied1201 [Two possible alternatives for her third marriage: (1) m thirdly as his second wife, conde don PEDRO Manrique de Lara Vicomte de Narbonne, son of conde don MANRIQUE Pérez de Lara & his wife Ermesinde Ctss de Narbonne (-Jan 1202, bur Santa María de Huerta). (2) m thirdly WILLIAM FitzPatrick alias de Hertburn, alias de Washington, of Greenlaw, Westmoreland, son of --- (-after 1184).]
2. Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, BRITTANY DUKES OF BRITTANY v4.3 Updated 09 April 2024 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#ConanIVdied1171B
3. Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, ENGLAND, EARLS CREATED 1067-1122 v4.9 Updated 25 September 2024 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#H...
4. http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cousin/html/p381.htm#i7131 cites
   1. [S206] With additions and corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr. and assisted by David Faris Frederick Lewis Weis, Weis: AR 7th ed., 96-26, 97-27.
   2. [S215] Revised by others later George Edward Cokayne CP, VI:457.
   3. [S215] Revised by others later George Edward Cokayne CP, VI:642, footnote (m).
   4. [S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin déchaussé), Pere Anselme's Histoire, 3rd Ed., III:54.
   5. [S211] Pat Patterson's Page, online http://www.patpnyc.com/gene-gen.htm
   6. [S1051] C. Scott Littleton & Linda A. Malcor, Scythia to Camelot, pg. 303.
   7. [S215] Revised by others later George Edward Cokayne CP, VI:642, footnote (m), "1159".
   8. [S1137] De Bohon, online http://www.rand.org/contact/personal/Genea/bohon.html
   9. [S1280] Patrick van Kerrebrouck, Capetiens 987-1328, pg. 354.
   10. [S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin déchaussé), Pere Anselme's Histoire, 3rd Ed., IV:192.
5. https://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00122052&tree=LEO cites
   1. [S00011] ~Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, London, 1973 . 315
   2. [S00301] Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), ~Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg. 3:75 Neu
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Huntingdon,_Duchess_of_Br... Cites
   1. Venning, Timothy (2020). A Chronology of Medieval British History, 1066-1307. Routledge. p. 155.
   2. Barrow, Geoffrey Wallis Steuart (1965). Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland. University of California Press.
   3. Judith Everard and Michael Jones, The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family (1171-1221), The Boydell Press, 1999, pp 93-94
   4. Everard, Judith (2000). Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire, 1158-1203. Cambridge University Press, 2000, p.43
   5. Charles Evans, "Margaret of Scotland, Duchess of Brittany", Mélanges offerts à Szalbocs de Vajay à l'occasion de son cinquantième anniversaire, edd. Le comte de'Adhémar de Panat, Xavier de Ghellinck Vaernewyck and Pierre Brière (Braga, 1971), pp. 187-191.
   6. Chaillou, Léa (2017). On Constance of Brittany's Family. Published in Foundations volume 9, 2017, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, pp 35-46
   7. Antonio Sánchez de Mora, La nobleza castellana en la plena Edad Media: el linaje de Lara (SS. XI–XIII), (doctoral thesis), University of Seville, 2003, p. 328–29.
   8. The Great roll of the pipe for the thirty-first year of the reign of King Henry the Second, A.D. 1184-1185, p.206
7. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/62574695/margaret_de-huntingdon
8. WikiTree contributors, "Margaret (Dunkeld) de Bohun (abt.1145-abt.1201)," WikiTree: The Free Family Tree, (https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Dunkeld-28 : accessed 29 September 2024). Cites
   1. Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham Salt Lake City: the author, (2013), vol. 1, pp. 541-4
   2. Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham Salt Lake City: the author, (2013), vol. 4, p. 583.
   3. Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families, (Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), chap. 3, B. Kings of Scotland 1034-1290, Henry of Scotland, 3 Margaret.
   4. White, Graeme. Bohun, Humphrey de (b. before 1144, d. 1181). In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press (2012), citing, “Through his marriage, which took place between February 1171 and Easter 1175, to Margaret (d. 1201), daughter of Henry of Scotland, earl of Northumberland (d. 1152), and widow of Conan (IV), duke of Brittany (d. 1171), he became brother-in-law to the king of Scots. He died while a member of the army led into France towards the end of 1181 by Henry II's sons to assist Philippe II against the count of Flanders, and was buried at Llanthony (Secunda) Priory, Gloucestershire. He left a daughter, Matilda, and a son, Henry de Bohun, who in 1187 was a minor in the custody of Margaret de Bohun, the widow of Humphrey (II) de Bohun.” https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/2774.
   5. Chandler, Victoria. Ada de Warenne, Queen Mother of Scotland (c. 1123-1178). The Scottish Historical Review 60, no. 170 (1981): p. 123, http://www.jstor.org/stable/e25529417.
   6. Stringer, Keith. Henry, earl of Northumberland (c. 1115–1152). In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press (2012), https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/12956.
   7. Paul, Sir James Balfour. The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1904), vol. 1, p. 4, citing, “Margaret, was married first, in 1160, to Conan iv., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, and by him had issue ; second, to Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford.”
   8. Jones, Michael. Conan (IV), duke of Brittany (c. 1135–1171). In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press (2012), https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/59576.
   9. Leslie Stephen, ed., Dictionary of national biography, Vol. V Bicheno-Bottisham, (London: Smith, Elder, & co., 1886), accessed 12 July 2014, https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofnati05stepuoft#page/266/mode... pp.267-71.
   10. Lloyd, S. D. The Oxford Companion to British History. Alnwick, Battle Of. Encyclopedia.Com (2023), https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/wars-and-battles....
   11. Dunbar, Sir Archibald H. Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005-1625. Edinburgh: D. Douglas (1899), pp. 77-78.
   12. Chandler, Victoria. Ada de Warenne, Queen Mother of Scotland (c. 1123-1178). The Scottish Historical Review 60, no. 170 (1981): p. 134, http://www.jstor.org/stable/e25529417.
   13. Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham Salt Lake City: the author, (2013), vol. 1, pp. 404-6.
   14. Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), Vol. I, pp. 406-410, BOHUN 5
   15. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, entry by David Walker for 'Bohun, Henry de, first earl of Hereford', print and online 2004, revised online 2012 ($)
   16. G E Cokayne. Complete Peerage, revised edition, Vol. 6, St Catherine Press, 1926, pp. 457-459, Familysearch (page images 469-471]
   17. Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families, (Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), chap. 3, B. Kings of Scotland 1034-1290, Henry of Scotland.
   18. Cannon, John; Hargreaves, Anne, The Kings and Queens of Britain, Oxford Quick Reference, Kindle edition, New York: Oxford University Press (2004). TOC, House of Dunkeld.
   19. Wikisource contributors, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Penthièvre, Counts of, Wikisource, Counts of Penthièvre
   20. Lewis, C. P. Warenne, William de, first earl of Surrey. In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press (2012), https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/28736.
   21. Earenfight, Theresa. Queenship in Medieval Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2013), p. 6, citing,"A queen…was a queen-consort when she married a king, a queen-mother when she bore his children, a queen-regent when she governed...When she was physically where the king was, his acts and decisions could be approved, mediated, or contended by the queen…As a regent or lieutenant, she stood in his place while he was physically elsewhere…They were easy scapegoats for disgruntled enemies…There is no more vivid sign of the power of proximity than when a king orders the exile or imprisonment of a queen.”
   22. Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands: a Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families, (Hereford, UK: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006), chap. 3, B. Kings of Scotland 1034-1290, Henry of Scotland, 3. Margaret.