Madeline Dauphinais

Madeline was a Cree woman of the Chippewa Cree tribe, Turtle Mountain band (possibly, most likely, a sub-band of the Pembina Band of Chippewa)
(Curator Note: I believe that Madeline Savoiard, Madalaine Parenteau (1st marriage), and Madeline Dauphinais (2nd marriage) were the same person, but I'm not sure the research proves that yet. All three are listed in sequential census reports, and the dates are consistent, but I find no document that ties them together. I suspect that Canton Asylum paperwork by Harry Hummer, not known for maintaining accuracy, called her Chippewa becasue she was 1) married to a Chippewa, and 2) the Turtle Mountain Agency purported to support Chippewa and Sioux Indians, first at Devils Lake, later at Turtle Mountain, so a mistake has been repeated throughout history...)

The Turtle Mountains, North Dakota

"Mixed-blood" is a white person/government concept. No such thing exists among native Americans, any more than they care about "blood quantum" or any other such nonsense. And, country boundaries (between Canada & USA) are the government's problem, not the tribes ...

The Chippewa proudly referred to themselves as Anishinabe meaning "THE ORIGINAL PEOPLE." The Turtle Mt. Band of Chippewa are primarily members of the Pembina Band of Chippewa. Descendence may include intermarriage with other Chippewa bands, Cree, and other nations who make up the membership of the Turtle Mountain Band. The Chippewa are descendants of the Cree.

Red River Territory
The Red River Colony was a settlement on the Red and Assiniboine rivers that included parts of present-day Manitoba and North Dakota. The colony was founded in 1812 by Thomas Douglas, the 5th Earl of Selkirk, and was the site of the Red River Resistance. The colony eventually became part of the province of Manitoba. The town of Selkirk north northeast of present-day Winnipeg is the birthplace of ...

Later census reports were signed by the superintendent of the Indian School in Belcourt, ND

Saint Ann's church and mission school in Belcourt North Dakota on the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation
St. Mary’s Indian Industrial School is built at Belcourt. The school is financed by Sister Catherine Drexel of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and administered by two sisters from Yankton, South Dakota. Two buildings, each 3 stories high, serve as a boarding school for 116 girls and 73 boys on the Turtle Mountain reservation. This mission, first school built at Belcourt, burns down in 1910.
Source: “Timeline-Turtle Mountain | North Dakota Studies.” North Dakota Studies, 2024, www.ndstudies.gov/curriculum/high-school/turtle-mountain/timeline-turtle-mountain#:~:text=1884. Accessed 17 Sept. 2024.

Discussion:

"Mixed-blood" is a white person/government concept. No such thing exists among native Americans, any more than they care about "blood quantum" or any other such "nonsense". And, country boundaries (between Canada & USA) are the government's problem, not the tribes ... as is indicated in the Indian census of 1886 prepared by the white Indian Agent John W. Gransiee (sp), "Census of the Half-Breeds Turtle Mountain Chippewa, Devils Lake Agency, North Dakota".
Notes extracted from the Internet

• The Chippewa, who are descendants of the Cree, are part of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa in North Dakota. some Chippewa people are descendants of the Cree of Canada, as the Chippewa Cree Tribe is made up of both groups:
• The Chippewa people migrated west from the Turtle Mountains in North Dakota in the late 1800s.
• The Cree people are the largest First Nation in Canada and some migrated south into North Dakota and Montana in the late 1800s.
• The Chippewa today are of mixed blood, mostly Native, French and English. Many live on reservations in Canada and the United States (Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Montana and North Dakota).
• On the north the Chippewa are so closely connected with the Cree and Maskegon that the three can be distinguished only by those intimately acquainted with their dialects and customs,
• The Chippewa proudly referred to themselves as Anishinabe meaning “The Original People.” The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa is primarily members of the Pembina Band of Chippewa. Descendence may include intermarriage with other Chippewa bands, Cree, and other nations who make up the membership of the Turtle Mountain Band.

All of this leads to the conclusion, and supports the 1900 US Census, indicating that Madeline was a Cree Indian woman.

Biography:
Ostensively born c. February 1854 to Francois Berthelette dit Savoyard and Madeleine Comtois Morin, but it is not known whether these two people were French, French Canadian, or Chippewa/Cree Indians. Census reports have that both were born in Canada. The 1900 US census identifies Madeline as Cree (NOT as Carla Joinson says, Chippewa. However, see the discussion), and both are identified as 1/2 bloods Madeline appears to have married firstly (1st) Bazil Paranteau and by him had six children between 1872 and 1883. Secondly (2nd), she married John B Dauphinais, and had no children by him but census records show that three children from John's first marriage to Angelique Houle, Joseph, Elzard, and Antoine were living with them with the surname Dauphinais in teh censuses so thay had apparantly been adopted.

According to Carla Joinson in her book Vanished in Hiawatha, Madeline was committed to the Canton Asylum on July 23, 1913, and diagnosed as senile with manic-depressive, later revised to senile psychosis (Manic symptoms can be associated with senile dementia, and bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder, and can affect older adults. Senile psychosis is a serious mental disorder that can cause a person to lose touch with reality. Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking or speech, agitation, talking incoherently, suspiciousness or paranoia, difficulty thinking clearly, social withdrawal, unusual or intense ideas or feelings, and a decrease in self-care.).

When the Canton Asylum was closed, Madeline, at age 79, was transferred to St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington D.C. on December 22, 1933. She died there a short time later, on July 13, 1934.

Her profile is part of the https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Canton_Asylum.

Research Notes:
-CAUTION: FamilySearch has a record for Magdeleine Paranteau who is supposedly the 1st marriage of Madeline Dauphinais who is the focus of this profile. The problem with this data is that if one views the "Original 'Document" for the so-called 1881 Canadian census the name Paranteau does not exist on the document page shown attached. Whether it exists on another page is for someone else to determine. Further, this document is filed in the profile for Madeline Savoiard, whose date of death is identical to that of Madeline Dauphinais, but there is NO connection otherwise between Madeline Savoiard, Madalaine Parenteau, and Madeline Dauphinais. The parents shown for this person are "obviously' French, or were given French names. (Note that in the collaboration area of the profile, she is referred to as MADELEINE SAUVAGE, a name not used anywhere else.) Madeline Dauphinais is a Chippewa woman, possibly Cree (who " lived in Canton, Lincoln, South Dakota, United States for about 3 years and Washington, District of Columbia, United States in 1934." Madeline Dauphinais was a patient/inmate in the Canton Asylum for Insane Indians and later in the St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, hardly what I would call living! While I think that there is a valid attempt to connect these profiles, FamilySearch falls drastically short in this instance. It should be noted that there are 15 locations of residence identified but NO sourcing for any! There are NO sources shown for Alternate names, nor for her "Native American tribe" (she was apparently born in Canada?), or even her race!
-The 1900 census says she was Cree born in Canada, parents were born in N. Dakota (Carla Joinson says she was Chippewa probably based on Canton Asylum female census reports that have her as Chippewa from the Turtle Mountain Reservation. Her husband was French-Canadian Chippewa and they resided on the Turtle Mountain Reservation, but was she?)
-In 1900 Joseph, Ezard, and Antonia from his 1st marriage to Angelique Houle were living with John B. Dauphinais and Madelane Duphinais.
-In the 1924 Chippewa census I don't know what the asterisk (*) means, not defined on the first or last page
-In the 1907 census we see (age 53 as Madalain under the heading turtle Mountain Mixed-Bloods), census of the Chippewa Indians, Devils Lake Agency, N.D.
-The 1906 census is titled "Turtle Mountain band of Chippewa Mixed-Blood" Madaline is listed first! AND a note that says the husband JB Dauphinais is "not enrolled"

Recommended Reading:
1) “Turtle Mountain.” North Dakota Studies, www.ndstudies.gov/turtle-mountain.
2) Haozous, Emily A., et al. “Blood Politics, Ethnic Identity, and Racial Misclassification among American Indians and Alaska Natives.” Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2014, 2014, pp. 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/321604.
3) Stanstead, Wayne G. “The History and Culture of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa.” Https://Www.indianaffairs.nd.gov/, North Dakota Department of Public Instruction, 1997, www.indianaffairs.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/pdfs/History_and_Culture_Turtle_Mountain.pdf. Accessed 16 Sept. 2024.
__________
Sources:

1886 Jul 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll094unit/page/n106/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 107/664, line 453 (age 37), census of the Half-Breeds Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, Devils Lake Agency, Dak. (Note that there is a parallel census titled Full-Bloods!)

1888 Jun - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll094unit/page/n425/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 426/664, line 816 (age 40), census of the Half-Breeds Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, Devils Lake Agency, Dak.

1889 Aug 1 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll094unit/page/n545/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 546/664, line 858 (age 47), census of the Half-Breeds Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, Devils Lake Agency, Dak.

1890 Jul - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:74VZ-WZ6Z : Wed Jul 24 02:27:13 UTC 2024), Entry for Madaline Paranteau and Havier Paranteau, 1890, pg. 645/667, line 931 (age 48 as Madalaine Parentean aka Madaline Paranteau), census of the Chippewa Indians, Devils Lake Agency, North Dakota

1893 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:74VZ-WZ6Z : Wed Jul 24 02:27:13 UTC 2024), Entry for Madaline Paranteau and Havier Paranteau, 1893, pg. 173/650, line 920 (age 40 widow w/3 children), census of the Chippewa Turtle Mountain Res. Indians, Devils Lake Agency, North Dakota

1896 Jul - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:74NJ-4HW2 : Wed Mar 06 01:23:52 UTC 2024), Entry for J B Duphinais, pg. 532/650, line xxx (age 43 as Madalomie), census of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa mixed-blood Indians, Devils Lake Agency, North Dakota

1900 Jul 6 - "United States Census, 1900", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MSTD-K47 : Thu Apr 11 20:30:40 UTC 2024), Entry for J B Duphinais and Madelane Duphinais, 1900. pg. 994/1056, line 2 (age 46), census of the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, Rolette County, North Dakota

1906 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:662K-Z7N4 : Fri Mar 08 19:48:09 UTC 2024), Entry for Madalain Dauphinais, 1906, pg. 129/869, line 956 (age 53 as Madalain, Note that husband JB is "NOT enrolled"), census of the Turtle Mountain band o Chippewa Mixed-Blood, Devils Lake Agency, North Dakota

1907 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:66R8-S5BX : Sat Mar 09 01:54:56 UTC 2024), Entry for Madalain Dauphinais, 1907, pg. 298/869, line 707 (age 53 as Madalain under the heading turtle Mountain Mixed-Bloods), census of the Chippewa Indians, Devils Lake Agency, N.D.

1908 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:66LN-CB2P : Sat Mar 09 04:18:41 UTC 2024), Entry for Madalain Dauphinais, 1908, pg. 509/869, line 737 (age 54 as Madalain), census of the Chippewa Indians, Devils Lake Agency, N.D.

1909 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:662K-KXL1 : Thu Mar 07 23:39:44 UTC 2024), Entry for Madalain Dauphinais, 1909, pg. 750/869, line 768 (age 55), census of the Chippewa Indians, Devils Lake Agency, N.D.

1910 Apr 26 - "United States Census, 1910", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MLG6-4K1 : Sat Mar 09 18:06:28 UTC 2024), Entry for John B Dauphinais and Madeline Dauphinais, 1910, pg. 267/814, line 40 (age 62), census of the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, Rolette County, North Dakota

1914 Aug 3 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4LYN-712M : Sun Mar 10 01:52:38 UTC 2024), Entry for Madaline Dauphinais, pg. 294/686, line 120 (b=1853), census of the Chippewa, Turtle Mountain Indian School, Belcourt, North Dakota

1915 Jun 10 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4LYB-L43Z : Fri Mar 08 00:07:27 UTC 2024), Entry for Madaline Savoiard Dauphinais, pg. 520/686, line 820 (b=1853 as Madaline (Savoiard)), census of the Turtle Mt. Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, N.D.

1916 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W2Q5-RJN2 : Sat Mar 09 13:07:18 UTC 2024), Entry for Madaline Savoiard Dauphinais, pg. 70/685, line 1853 (b=1853 as Madeline Savoiard), census of the Turtle Mt. Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, N. Dak.

1917 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W24N-3TW2 : Sun Mar 10 04:45:34 UTC 2024), Entry for Madaline Savoiard Dauphinais, pg. 305/685, line 837 (b=1853 as Madaline (Savoiard)), census of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, N. Dak.

1917 Oct 1 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=676, line 50, Attendance at the Asylum for Insane Indians School

1918 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W2CL-KYW2 : Sat Mar 09 05:53:05 UTC 2024), Entry for Madaline Savoird Dauphinais, pg. 538/685, line 853 (b=1853 as Madaline (Savoird) wife), census of the Turtle Mt. Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, N. Dak.

1918 Jun 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=887, line 5, Canton Asylum female census

1919 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4GW8-6J3Z : Sat Mar 09 10:51:54 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Savoird Dauphanais, pg. 63/817, line 851 (b=1853 as Savoird Dauphanais), census of the turtle Mountain Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency

1920 Jan 19 - "United States Census, 1920", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MC8L-HY7 : Mon Jul 08 00:42:05 UTC 2024), Entry for J B Dauphinais and Madeline Dauphinais, 1920, pg. 225/1181, line 85 (age 67 as Madeline Savoiard), census of the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation, Rolette County, North Dakota

1920 Jan 30 - "United States Census, 1920", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6J7-FNH : Sun Mar 10 22:26:50 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1920, pg. 652/1130, line 71 (age 65 b=ND), census of the Asylum for Insane Indians, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1920 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4G9L-ZFT2 : Fri Mar 08 17:52:53 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1920, pg. 262/617, line 869 (b=1853), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mt. Agency

1920 Jun 30 - Camp Verde School: 1910-27; Canton Insane Asylum: 1910-22, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155854182?objectPage=899, line 6, Canton Asylum female census

1921 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4GS2-1JW2 : Wed Mar 06 23:42:54 UTC 2024), Entry for J B Dauphanais and Madeline Dauphanais, 1921, pg. 459/617, line 895 (b=1853), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, N.D.

1921 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68Z4-CZQP : Sat Mar 09 21:31:13 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1921, pg. 509/522, line 8, Canton Asylum female census

1921 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll015unit/page/n506/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 507/519, line 8, Canton Asylum female census

1922 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WRM8-MX6Z : Sun Jul 07 11:52:02 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphanais, 1922, 59/820, line 924 (b=1853), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, N.D.

1923 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WR3Y-423Z : Thu Jul 11 20:01:00 UTC 2024), Entry for J B Dauphanais and Madeline Dauphanais, 1923, pg. 276/820, line 932 (b=1853), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, N.D.

1923 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=32, line 9, Canton Asylum female census

1924 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:W5BG-LKN2 : Sun Jul 21 18:47:50 UTC 2024), Entry for J B Dauphinais, 1924, pg. 531/820, line 963 (b=1853), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mt. Agency, N.D.

1924 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:68Z4-F7BK : Fri Mar 08 20:18:23 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1924, pg. 516/522, line 11, Canton Asylum female census

1924 Jun 30 - “Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940 [Microform].” Internet Archive, Washington : National Archives and Records Service, 1965, https://archive.org/details/indiancensusroll015unit/page/n513/mode/.... Accessed 29 Feb. 2024, pg. 514/519, line 11, Canton Asylum female census

1925 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4GGK-51ZM : Thu Jul 18 16:27:54 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphanais, 1925, pg. 48/577, line 971 (b=1853), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency, No. Dak.

1925 - "South Dakota State Census, 1925", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMW5-11H : Tue Jul 23 05:32:27 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1925, pg. 2231/3356, card #625, South Dalota state census

1925 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=117, line 11, Canton Asylum female census

1926 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4GHS-74MM : Sat Jul 06 13:32:03 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphanais, 1926, pg. 216/577, line 1020 (b=1853), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mt. Agency, N.D.

1926 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=168, line 12, Canton Asylum female census

1927 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:4GZ3-V5MM : Tue Jul 09 22:26:06 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphanais, 1927, pg. 441/557, line 1036 (b=1853, @ Canton Asylum), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency

1927 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=186, line 12, Canton Asylum female census

1928 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WTH7-CGMM : Sat Mar 09 13:13:35 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphanais, pg. 68/646, line 1061 (b=1853, @ Canton Asylum), census of the Chippewa Indians, Turtle Mountain Agency

1928 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=211, line 11, Canton Asylum female census

1929 Jun 30 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WTCM-MZN2 : Sun Mar 10 22:05:51 UTC 2024), Entry for John B Dauphinais, 1929, pg. 342/646, line 1061 (b=1853 @ Canton Asylum), census of the Turtle Mt. Chippewa tribe, Turtle Mountain Reservation, Turtle Mountain jurisdiction

1929 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=329, line 11, Canton Asylum female census

1930 -"United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:WQXZ-NSPZ : Sat Mar 09 22:38:40 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1930., pg. 203/381, line 663 (age 77), census of the Turtle Mountain Reservation, Turtle Mountain jurisdiction, North Dakota

1930 - "United States Census, 1930", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XQVC-B93 : Wed Jul 17 23:30:55 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinsis, 1930, pg. 611/1062, line 2 (age 74), census of the Asylum for Insane Indians, Canton Township, Lincoln County, South Dakota

1930 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=351, line 12, Canton Asylum female census

1931 Apr 1 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QGLJ-MWQW : Sat Mar 09 18:31:52 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1931, pg. 227/429, line 575 (age 78 @ Canton (Indian Asylum), Lincoln, S.D.), census of the Turtle Mountain Reservation, Turtle Mountain jurisdiction, North Dakota

1931 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=371, line 11, Canton Asylum female census

1932 Apr 1 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QPV7-DB2N : Tue Jul 23 15:11:56 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1932, pg. 103/645, line 1097 (age 75 @ Canton (Insane Asylum), Lincoln, SD), census of the Turtle Mountain Reservation, Turtle Mountain jurisdiction

1932 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=391, line 11, Canton Asylum female census

1933 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QPTV-38XZ : Sat Mar 09 16:36:00 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1933, pg. 110/493, line 1168 (age 80 @ Indian Insane Asylum, Canton, Lincoln, S.D

1933 Jun 30 - Canton Insane Asylum: 1923-33; Cantonment School, pg. 370/1140: 1910-27, Series: Superintendents' Annual Narrative and Statistical Reports 1910 – 1935, Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20408 @ https://catalog.archives.gov/id/155855298?objectPage=428, line 12, Canton Asylum female census

1934 Apr 1 - "United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940", , FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QLRT-M285 : Fri Mar 08 01:08:52 UTC 2024), Entry for Madeline Dauphinais, 1934, pg. 113/703, line 1227 (age 81 @ Washington D.C. St. Elizabeths Asylum), census of the Turtle Mountain Reservation, Turtle Mountain jurisdiction, North Dakota

1934 Jul 13 - Saint Elizabeths Hospital Cemetery Restoration Project, Trinkley, M., Hacker, D. Southerland, N., PRESERVATION ASSESSMENT OF  ST. ELIZABETHS EAST CAMPUS CEMETERY, WASHINGTON, DC 1–102 (2009). Columbia, SC; Chicora Foundation, Inc. https://chicora.org/pdfs/RC514.pdf

• The Hiawatha facility was closed in December 1933. Some of the patients were sent home, others were sent to St. Elizabeths (http://sdgenweb.com/lincoln/hiawatha.htm; see also Yellow Bird 2002). At least 10 of the Native Americans identified in the St. Elizabeths East Campus Cemetery were originally from Hiawatha based on research by Ms. Frances McMillen (personal communication 2009).
• Although Sluby (2008:4) lists 19 Indians, six of these are listed incorrectly and an additional four are entirely omitted. Table 2 provides a corrected list of the Native American burials. To this list McMillen has been able to add at least 11 additional names: Madeline Dauphinais, Kitty Spicer, Rose Wash or Washa, Yazza Sonna, Gondosayquay, Ollie Yarlott, Peter Picotte, Joanna Augusta, Joe McEwin, Mary Westerman, and Oscar Hope.