James VII of Scotland & II of England and Ireland

James II & VII

Reign: 6 February 1685 –11 December 1688

Coronation: 23 April 1685

Predecessor: Charles II

Successors: William III & II and Mary II

Spouse:

	 Anne Hyde

m. 1660; dec. 1671

Mary of Modena

m. 1673; wid. 1701

more...

Issue:

Mary II of England

Anne, Queen of Great Britain

James Francis Edward Stuart

Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart

Henrietta FitzJames

James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick

Henry FitzJames

House: House of Stuart

Father: Charles I

Mother: Henrietta Maria of France

Born: 14 October 1633 (N.S.: 24 October 1633)

St. James's Palace, London

Died: 16 September 1701 (aged 67) (N.S.)

Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France

Burial: Church of the English Benedictines, Paris

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"James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland.

The second son of Charles I, he ascended the throne upon the death of his brother, Charles II. Members of Britain's political and religious elite increasingly suspected him of being pro-French and pro-Catholic and of having designs on becoming an absolute monarch. When he produced a Catholic heir, the tension exploded, and leading nobles called on his Protestant son-in-law and nephew, William III of Orange, to land an invasion army from the Netherlands, which he did. James fled England (and thus was held to have abdicated) in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.[3] He was replaced by his Protestant elder daughter, Mary II, and her husband, William III. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns from William and Mary, when he landed in Ireland in 1689 but, after the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life as a pretender at a court sponsored by his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV.

James is best known for struggles with the English Parliament and his attempts to create religious liberty for English Roman Catholics and Protestant nonconformists against the wishes of the Anglican establishment. However, he also continued the persecution of the Presbyterian Covenanters in Scotland. Parliament, opposed to the growth of absolutism that was occurring in other European countries, as well as to the loss of legal supremacy for the Church of England, saw their opposition as a way to preserve what they regarded as traditional English liberties. This tension made James's four-year reign a struggle for supremacy between the English Parliament and the Crown, resulting in his deposition, the passage of the English Bill of Rights, and the Hanoverian succession."

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Wikipedia links:

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other links:

http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=james2

http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/stuart_4.htm

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=1976

http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=4028

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I3763&tree=E...

http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I43917&tree=...

http://www.nndb.com/people/553/000093274/

http://www.thepeerage.com/p10136.htm

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Citations / Sources:

[S4] C.F.J. Hankinson, editor, DeBretts Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, 147th year (London, U.K.: Odhams Press, 1949), page 21. Hereinafter cited as DeBretts Peerage, 1949.

[S5] #552 Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten. Neue Folge (1978), Schwennicke, Detlev, (Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, c1978-1995 (v. 1-16) -- Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, c1998- Medieval Families bibliography #552.), FHL book Q 940 D5es new series., Band 1.1 Tafel 73.

[S5] #552 Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten. Neue Folge (1978), Schwennicke, Detlev, (Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, c1978-1995 (v. 1-16) -- Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, c1998- Medieval Families bibliography #552.), FHL book Q 940 D5es new series., Band 1.1 Tafel 36.

[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume I, pages 82-83, 90,135. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.

[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume II, pages 162, 496.

[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume III, page 177.

[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, pages 914-917.

[S7] #44 Histoire de la maison royale de France anciens barons du royaume: et des grands officiers de la couronne (1726, reprint 1967-1968), Saint-Marie, Anselme de, (3rd edition. 9 volumes. 1726. Reprint Paris: Editions du Palais Royal, 1967-1968), FHL book 944 D5a; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol. 5 p. 165.

[S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), pages 258, 263. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.

[S18] Matthew H.C.G., editor, Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1995), reference "James II, 1633-1701". Hereinafter cited as Dictionary of National Biography.

[S21] #226 The Peerage of Scotland: Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of That Kingdom, from Their Origin to the Present Generation (2nd edition, 1813), Douglas, Sir Robert, (2nd edition. 2 volumes. Edinburgh: A. Constable, 1813 NOTE: Caution should be taken with this peerage, and compared with other peerages to obtain accurate information about the families. Some of the lineages are confused, but can be used for supplemental information.), FHL book Q 941 D22d; FHL microfilm 1,440,956 items., vol. 1 p. 53-54.

[S23] #849 Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), (London: Burke's Peerage, c1973), FHl book 942 D22bgr., p. 208.

"James II (VII of Scotland), King of England (styled King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith.)"

[S30] British Roots of Maryland Families, Barnes, Robert W., (Baltimore [Maryland] : Genealogical Pub. Co., c1999-c2002), 975.2 D2ba., p. 97.

[S39] Medieval, royalty, nobility family group sheets (filmed 1996), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Family History Department. Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1996), FHL film 1553977-1553985..

[S47] Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, editor, Burke's Irish Family Records (London, U.K.: Burkes Peerage Ltd, 1976). Hereinafter cited as Burke's Irish Family Records.

GEDCOM Source

@R853412573@ Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015 Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1,9289::0

GEDCOM Source

1,9289::30423481

GEDCOM Source

@R853412573@ Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015 Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1,9289::0

GEDCOM Source

1,9289::30423481

GEDCOM Source

@R853412573@ Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015 Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1,9289::0

GEDCOM Source

1,9289::30423481

GEDCOM Source

@R853412573@ Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015 Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 1,9289::0

GEDCOM Source

1,9289::30423481

GEDCOM Source

@R1553321229@ Ancestry Family Trees Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.

GEDCOM Source

Ancestry Family Tree http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=55155987&pid...