García Ramírez V “el Restaurador”, Rey de Navarra y Pamplona

García Ramírez de Navarra

De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

García Ramírez (n. ? - † Lorca (Navarra), 21 de noviembre de 1150), rey de Navarra (1134-1150). Primer rey que abandona definitivamente el título de Rey de Pamplona.

Estatua de García Ramírez en Pamplona (1750-53).

Elegido por los magnates y obispos navarros como rey al no acatar las disposiciones testamentarias de Alfonso I, "el Batallador".

Hijo del infante Ramiro Sánchez, señor de Monzón, y de Cristina, hija del Cid Campeador.

Parece que buscando una solución a la separación de los reinos de Aragón y Navarra, que habían sido gobernados conjuntamente desde la muerte de Sancho, "el de Peñalén", hasta la muerte de Alfonso, "el Batallador", propusieron que el rey-monje de Aragón fuese el "padre" y García Ramírez el "hijo". Los dos conservarían su respectivo reino, sin embargo, la primacía sobre el pueblo sería de Ramiro.

Al entrar en Zaragoza Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y rendirle vasallaje los aragoneses, se acentúa la separación entre los dos reinos, que en su día fueron feudo de Sancho Garcés III.

Aliado con Alfonso I de Portugal, en 1137 se enfrentó a Alfonso VII de Castilla, a quien había prestado vasallaje. Firmaron la paz entre 1139 y 1140.

Los navarros ocuparon Tauste en el 1146, pero Alfonso VII actuó como árbitro entre los dos reinos.

En 1144, después de enviudar, se casó con una hija de Alfonso, Urraca, siendo a partir de esa fecha parientes del emperador leonés-castellano los reyes de Navarra y Aragón; Ramón Berenguer era cuñado y García Ramírez yerno. Ambos se reconocieron vasallos del emperador Alfonso VII.

A partir de esa fecha vemos a García Ramírez auxiliando a Alfonso VII en sus campañas de reconquista, concretamente en la campaña de Almería, que fue conquistada por las tropas cristianas en 1147.

En 1149 firmó un tratado de paz con Ramón Berenguer, por el cual el catalán se casaría con su hija Blanca, a pesar de estar prometido con Petronila de Aragón, pero al morir García Ramírez no se llevó a cabo el compromiso.

Murió el 21 de noviembre de 1150 en Lorca, cerca de Estella.

Casado después de 1130 con Margarita de l'Aigle, tuvieron como descendencia a:

Sancho VI, "El Sabio", rey de Navarra, casado con Sancha de Castilla.

Blanca de Navarra, n. después de 1133, que se casó con Sancho III de Castilla "El Deseado".

Margarita de Navarra, casada con Guillermo I, Rey de Sicilia.

Casado en segundas nupcias el 24 de junio de 1144, en León, con Urraca, hija bastarda del rey Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y de Guntroda, teniendo como descendencia a:

Sancha de Navarra, casada con Gastón V, Vizconde de Béarn, fallecido en 1170. Casada en segundas nupcias con el conde Pedro Manrique de Lara, II Señor de Molina y Mesa, XIII Vizconde de Narbona

Rodrigo Garcés, Conde de Montescaglioso.

Casado en terceras nupcias con Ganfreda López.

Predecesor:

Alfonso I de Aragón Rey de Navarra

1134 - 1150 Sucesor:

Sancho VI

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García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

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García Ramírez of Navarre

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre

García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

Early years

García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

[edit]Rise to power

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

[edit]García's heirs

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII and Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

[edit]Sources

Lourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct., 1975), pp 635–651.

Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII." Principe de Viana. 94–95 (1964).

Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194. Longmans: London, 1970.

[

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Garc%C3%ADa VI Ramírez (Garsias Ranimiriz, also García IV, because he was only the fourth García of the Jiménez dynasty; died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García V of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII and Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 12 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

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Falleció a consecuencia de una caída de caballo. Rey de Navarra 1134, fundó la ciudad de Vitoria.

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Elegido por los magnates y obispos navarros como rey al no acatar las disposiciones testamentarias de Alfonso I, "el Batallador".

Hijo del infante Ramiro Sánchez, Señor de Monzón, Señor de Logroño, y de Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, hija del Cid Campeador.

Parece que buscando una solución a la separación de los reinos de Aragón y Navarra, que habían sido gobernados conjuntamente desde la muerte de Sancho, "el de Peñalén", hasta la muerte de Alfonso, "el Batallador", propusieron que el rey-monje de Aragón fuese el "padre" y García Ramírez el "hijo". Los dos conservarían su respectivo reino, sin embargo, la primacía sobre el pueblo sería de Ramiro.

Al entrar en Zaragoza Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y rendirle vasallaje los zaragozanos, se acentúa la separación entre los dos reinos, que en su día fueron feudo de Sancho Garcés III.

Aliado con Alfonso I de Portugal, en 1137 se enfrentó a Alfonso VII de Castilla, a quien había prestado vasallaje. Firmaron la paz entre 1139 y 1140.

Los navarros ocuparon Tauste en el 1146, pero Alfonso VII actuó como árbitro entre los dos reinos.

En 1144, después de enviudar, se casó con una hija de Alfonso, Urraca, siendo a partir de esa fecha parientes del emperador leonés-castellano los reyes de Navarra y Aragón; Ramón Berenguer era cuñado y García Ramírez yerno. Ambos se reconocieron vasallos del emperador Alfonso VII.[cita requerida]

A partir de esa fecha vemos a García Ramírez auxiliando a Alfonso VII en sus campañas de reconquista, concretamente en la campaña de Almería, que fue conquistada por las tropas cristianas en 1147.

En 1149 firmó un tratado de paz con Ramón Berenguer, por el cual el catalán se casaría con su hija Blanca, a pesar de estar prometido con Petronila de Aragón, pero al morir García Ramírez no se llevó a cabo el compromiso.

Murió el 21 de noviembre de 1150 en Lorca, cerca de Estella.

   * Casado después de 1130 con Margarita de L'Aigle, tuvieron como descendencia a:

o Sancho VI, "El Sabio", rey de Navarra, casado con Sancha de Castilla.
o Blanca de Navarra, n. después de 1133, que se casó con Sancho III de Castilla "El Deseado".
o Margarita de Navarra, casada con Guillermo I, Rey de Sicilia.
* Casado en segundas nupcias el 24 de junio de 1144, en León, con Urraca, hija bastarda del rey Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y de Guntroda, teniendo como descendencia a:
o Sancha de Navarra, casada con Gastón V, Vizconde de Béarn, fallecido en 1170. Casada en segundas nupcias con el conde Pedro Manrique de Lara, II Señor de Molina y Mesa, XIII Vizconde de Narbona
o Rodrigo Garcés, Conde de Montescaglioso.
* Casado en terceras nupcias con Ganfreda López.

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García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

Contents [hide]

1 Early years

2 Rise to power

3 García's heirs

4 Sources

5 Notes

[edit] Early years

García was born in the early twelfth century. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother Cristina was a daughter of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid.

[edit] Rise to power

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

[edit] García's heirs

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanche, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María la Real in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Santa María de la Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

[edit] Sources

Lourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct., 1975), pp 635–651.

Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII." Príncipe de Viana. 94–95 (1964).

Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194. London: Longmans, 1970.

[edit] Notes

1.^ Lourie, 642–643.

2.^ Ibid, 647.

3.^ Ibid, 649 n49.

4.^ Ibid, 650.

5.^ Grassotti, 60.

6.^ Lourie, 650.

7.^ Ibid, 651.

8.^ Norwich, 258.

Preceded by

Alfonso King of Navarre

1134 – 1150 Succeeded by

Sancho VI

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre"

Categories: 1150 deaths | House of Jiménez | Navarrese monarchs

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García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

Contents [hide]

1 Early years

2 Rise to power

3 García's heirs

4 Sources

5 Notes

[edit] Early years

García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

[edit] Rise to power

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

[edit] García's heirs

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

[edit] Sources

Lourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct., 1975), pp 635–651.

Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII." Príncipe de Viana. 94–95 (1964).

Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194. London: Longmans, 1970.

[edit] Notes

^ Lourie, 642–643.

^ Ibid, 647.

^ Ibid, 649 n49.

^ Ibid, 650.

^ Grassotti, 60.

^ Lourie, 650.

^ Ibid, 651.

^ Norwich, 258.

Preceded by

Alfonso King of Navarre

1134 – 1150 Succeeded by

Sancho VI

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre"

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REYES DE NAVARRA Y ARAGÓN

1) Significado: Procede del nombre vasco Nafarroa.

2) Casa solar: Reino de Navarra, España.

3) Armas: Las Armas primitivas (siglo XI) fueron: En campo de oro, un águila de sable. En epoca de Sancho VII de Navarra (siglo XIIII) fueron las que aparecen más abajo (De gueules, aux rais d'escarboucle d'or). El tercer escudo de esta página, corresponde a las Armas de la Baja Navarra (Bearn francés) (De gueules, aux rais d'escarboucle, réunies en orle d'or et allumées en coeur de sinople). Otra variante, más abajo: De gueules, aux chaînes d'or, en croix, en sautoir et en orle, allumées en coeur de sinople.

4) Antepasados:

—Dinastía Íñiga: entronca con la Dinastía Jimena.

I. Jimeno de Pamplona, a través de los Reyes de Castilla) nació hacia el año de 745. Murió hacia 805. Tuvo por hijo a

II. Íñigo Jiménez de Pamplona nació hacia el año de 765. Casó con Faquilene y tuvo por hijo a

III. Íñigo Íñiguez Arista de Pamplona nació en los condados pirenaicos hacia el año de 790. Fue el primer régulo de Navarra. Gobernar de 842 a 851. Murió el 8-VII-857. Casó con Onneca, y tuvieron por hijos a Ausona de Pamplona (c.805, casada con Muza Ibn Muza, hijo de Muza Ibn Fortún, y nieto de Ibn Quasi Fortunius, linaje descendiente, al parecer, de Mahoma "el Profeta": ver Omeyas) y García Íñiguez de Pamplona (c.810, que sigue).

IV. García Íñiguez de Pamplona nació antes del año de 810. García Íñiguez gobernó desde el 851 al 882. Según la tradicion murio en la batalla de Aibar en 882. De Urraca Fernández, su mujer, tuvo por hijos a Fortún Garcés (830, que sigue), Sancho (c.840, que tuvo por hijo a Aznar Sánchez, que casó con su prima hermana Onneca de Pamplona: ver más abajo) y Onneca (c.850, que casó con Aznar Galindo II de Aragón: ver Condes de Aragón). Ver nota 1.

V. Fortún Garcés "el Monje" de Pamplona nació en el año de 830. Gobernó de 882 a 905. Casó con su sobrina segunda Auria ben Muza (hija de su primo hermano Lupo ben Muza y de Ayab Al Bulatya). Tuvo por hijos a Onneca Fortúnez de Pamplona (c.855, que sigue), Belasco e Íñigo Fortúnez (c.860, que casó con Sancha Garcés, hija de García Jiménez de Pamplona: ver dinastía Jimena). Lope García de Salazar afirma en sus Bienandanzas e Fortunas que un descendiente de Íñigo Fortúnez fue Ordoño, conde de Gaviria, que nació hacia el año de 1120, y del cual procede el linaje vizcaino de Zamudio: ver Zamudio.

VI. Onneca Fortúnez de Pamplona nació hacia el año de 855. Casó en primeras nupcias con su tío, Aznar Sánchez de Pamplona (hijo de Sancho Garcés de Pamplona), y tuvieron por hija a Toda Aznárez de Pamplona (c.880, que casó con Sancho Garcés I de Navarra: ver abajo, dinastía Jimena). En segundas nupcias casó con Abd Allah I de Córdoba, nacido el 7-III-1843/44, hijo de Mohammed de Córdoba y nieto de Abd Al Rhaman II de Córdoba (ver Dinastía Omeya de Córdoba). De este segundo matrimonio tuvo por hijo a Zahabon Ibn Zayd de Córdoba, que fue cuarto abuelo de Ermesenda González de Amaya, mujer de Nuño González de Lara, y padres de Jimena Núñez de Lara, en la cual, según una de las hipótesis descutidas, Alfonso VI de Castilla tuvo por hijas a Teresa Alfonso (casada con Enrique de Borgoña: ver Casa de Borgoña) y Elvira Núñez (casada con Raimundo IV de Saint Gilles, conde de Toulouse: ver Condes de Toulouse). De todos estos personajes desciende don Juan Manuel de Castilla y, por tanto, nuestra familia (ver Reyes de Castilla).

—Dinastía Jimena : entronca con tres ramas de antepasados de nuestra familia.

I. Jimeno de Pamplona, a través de los Reyes de Castilla nació hacia el año de 815, en los condados pirenaicos. Murió hacia el 850. Tuvo por hijos a García Jiménez de Navarra (c.835, que sigue) y Jimena Garcés (c.842, que casó con Alfonso III "el Magno" de Asturias y tuvieron por hijo a Ordoño II, rey de León: ver Reyes de Asturias y León).

II. García Jiménez de Pamplona nació en el Pirineo Navarro hacia el año de 835. De Onneca Rebelle de Sangüesa, su primera mujer, tuvo por hija a Sancha Garcés de Pamplona (c.880, que en segundas nupcias casó con Galindo Aznar II de Aragón: ver Condes de Aragón) y, de Dadildis de Pallars (hija de Lupo de Bigorra y una hija de Raimundo I de Rouergue, conde de Toulouse, que estaba casado con Berta de Reims, una biznieta de Carlomagno: ver Condes de Toulouse y Carolingios) tuvo por hijo a Sancho Garcés I de Navarra (c.880, que sigue).

III. Sancho Garcés I, rey de Navarra nació hacia el año de 880. Fue el cuarto rey de Navarra (los tres primeros fueron de la dinastía Íñiga), y gobernó de 905 a 925. Murió el 6-III-925/26. Caso, hacia el año 900, con Toda Aznárez de Pamplona (hija de Aznar Sánchez de Pamplona y de Onneca Fortúnez de Pamplona: ver Condes de Aragón). Tuvieron por hijos a Lupa de Navarra (c.900, casada con un tío abuelo suyo, llamado Dat Donato II de Bigorra, hermano de su abuela Dadildis), Sancha Sánchez de Pamplona (c.903, que casó sucesivamente con Ordoño II de León, Álvaro Herrameliz de Álava y Fernán González de Castilla: ver Reyes de Castilla), Urraca Sánchez de Pamplona (c.905, que casó con Ramiro II de León: ver Reyes de León) y García Sánchez I de Navarra (c.919, que sigue).

IV. García Sánchez I, rey de Navarra nació el año de 919. Murió en 970. Fue el quinto rey de Navarra. Gobernó de 925 a 970. Contrajo matrimonio con Andregoto Galíndez de Aragón (c.910, hija de Galindo Aznar II de Aragón y Sancha Garcés de Pamplona: ver Condes de Aragón), con quien procreo a Sancho Garc´s II "Abarca" (940, que sigue). En segundas nupcias casó con Teresa de León (hija de Ramiro II de León y Adosinda Gutiérrez), y tuvieron por hija a Urraca Garcés de Navarra (c.960, que casó con Ramiro III de León, y tuvieron por hija a Velasquita de León: ver Reyes de León).

V. Sancho Garcés II "Abarca", rey de Navarra nació el año 940. Murió en 994. Fue el sexto rey de Navarra. Gobernó de 970 a 994. Casó en 962 con Urraca Fernandez (hija de Fernán González, Conde de Castilla, y Sancha Sánchez de Pamplona: ver Reyes de Castilla), y fueron padres de

VI. García Sánchez II "el Trémulo", rey de Navarra nació hacia el año de 964. Murió el 3-III-1000. Fue el septimo rey de Navarra, de 994 a 1000. Caso con Jimena Fernández (hija de Fernando Bermúdez de León, y tataranieta de Ordoño I de Asturias: ver Reyes de Asturias). Fueron padres de Sancho III de Navarra (992, que sigue) y Urraca Garcés (c.995, que casó con Alfonso V de León, y tuvieron por hija a Jimena, que fue la abuela materna de Jimena Díaz, la esposa del Cid: ver ascendencia y descendencia del Cid).

VII. Sancho Garcés III "el Mayor", rey de Navarra, a través de los Reyes de Castilla nació el año de 992. Murió el 28-I-1035/36. Fue el octavo rey de Navarra, de 1000 a 1035. Caso en 1010 con Elvira (o Munia) de Castilla, de quien por hijos: Fernando I (primer rey de Castilla: ver Reyes de Castilla), Garcia III (noveno Rey de Navarra: que sigue en las ramas 2 y 3) y Gonzalo, conde de Sobrarbe y de Ribagorza. Fuera de matrimonio tuvo por hijo, en Sancha de Aibar a Ramiro I (primer rey de Aragón, que sigue en la Rama 1).

—Rama 1: Primeros Reyes de Aragón. Entronca con la Casa de Ayala y a través de ella con las Casas de Gamboa, Marroquín, Murga, Ugarte y Zamudio.

VIII. Ramiro I, a través de los linajes de Murga y Ayala nació hacia el año de 1010. Fue el primer rey de Aragon, de 1035 a 1063. Entro en batalla contra sus hermanos, mas le fue adversa la fortuna. Tuvo mejor suerte en sus luchas contra los moros. Casó con Ermesinda de Conserans (hija del conde Bernard I Roger de Foix y Garsinda de Bigorra), de quien tuvo por hijo a Sancho Ramírez. Además, según cuenta la leyenda, tuvo por hijo, fuera del matrimonio, al conde don Vela (c.1030), fundador de la Casa de Ayala.

—Rama 2: entronca con los Reyes de Castilla.

VIII. García Sánchez III "el de Nájera", rey de Navarra nació después del año 1020 y murió el 12-XII-1054, en la batalla de Atapuerca. Casó con Estefanía de Foix (hija de Bernard I Roger de Foix y Garsinda de Bigorra), con la que tuvo por hijo a Sancho García de Navarra (c.1039, ver rama 3) y con otra mujer tuvo por hijo a Sancho Garcés de Navarra (c.1045, que sigue).

IX. Sancho Garcés de Navarra nació hacia 1045. Tuvo por hijo a

X. Ramiro Sánchez de Navarra, señor de Monzón nació hacia 1075. Casó con Cristina Rodríguez de Vivar (hija del Cid Campeador y doña Jimena: ver ascendencia y descendencia del Cid) y tuvieron por hijo a

XI. GARCÍA RAMÍREZ VI "EL RESTAURADOR", REY DE NAVARRA nació entre 1110 y 1115, Murió el 20-III-1150/51 en Lorca, España. Casó con MARGARITA DE L'AIGLE ROTROU (hija de Gilberto de L'Aigle, originario de L'Aigle, y de Juliana de Mortagne, originaria de Normandía: ver Dinastía normanda de Le Coz). Margarita murió el 21-IX-1141. Tuvieron por hija a Blanca de Navarra.

XII. Blanca de Navarra, a través de los Reyes de Castilla nació después de 1133. Murió el 9-XII-1156. Casó el 30-I-1150/51 con Sancho III "el Deseado", rey de Castilla, y tuvieron por hijo a Alfonso VIII de Castilla.

—Rama 3: entronca con la Casa de Haro.

VIII. García Sánchez III "el de Nájera", rey de Navarra nació después del año 1020 y murió el 12-XII-1054, en la batalla de Atapuerca. Casó con Estefanía de Foix (hija de Bernard I Roger de Foix y Garsinda de Bigorra), con la que tuvo por hijo a Sancho García de Navarra (c.1039, que sigue) y con otra mujer tuvo por hijo a Sancho Garcés de Navarra (c.1045, ver rama 2).

IX. Sancho García de Navarra nació hacia 1039. Murió el 18-IV-1083. Casó con Constanza de Marañón y tuvieron por hijo a

X. Sancho Sánchez de Navarra nació hacia el año de 1065. Murió hacia 1120. Casó con Urraca Ordoñez de León (hija de Orodoño Ordóñez de León, nieta de Ordoño Ramírez de León y bizieta de Ramiro III de León: ver Reyes de León). Tuvieron por hija a

XI. Munia Sánchez de Navarra, a través de los linajes de Murga, Salazar, Butrón y Haro nació hacia 1095. Casó con Diego López "el Blanco" de Haro, señor de Bizkaia. Tuvieron por hijos a Lope, Sancho, Fortún y Gil Díaz. De Sancho Díaz, señor de Tovia, procede el linaje de Butrón.

NOTAS:

• Primeros príncipes pamploneses: ver cuadro genealógico en Historia Universal, EUNSA, tomo IV, p. 245. Desde Íñigo Arista (m. 851) hasta Sancho Garcés I (905-925).
• Reyes de Pamplona: ver cuadro genealógico en Historia Universal, EUNSA, tomo IV, p. 359. Desde García Jiménez (c.870) hasta García Sánchez III (1035-1054).
• Ver cuadro genealógico de los descendientes de Sacho el Mayor, rey de Navarra de 1004 a 1035, en Historia Universal, EUNSA, tomo V, p. 375. Se pueden ver los enlaces matrimoniales de los reyes de Portugal, León, Castilla, Navara. Aragón y Cataluña, desde el siglo X hasta el siglo XIV.

[1] Los textos navarros del llamado "Códice de Roda", que parece que fue escrito en los últimos años del siglo X, dicen lo siguiente sobre García Iñiguez, hijo de Iñigo Arista: "Garcea Enneconis accepit uxor domna (espacio en blanco) filia de (espacio en blanco) et genuit Fortunio Garceanis et Sancio Garceanis et domna Onneca qui fuit uxor de Asnari Galindones de Aragone". Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada en su obra "De rebus hispaniae" dice que García Iñiguez casó con Urraca, de sangre real, y otros dicen que con Urraca y después con Leodigundia de León. Cerrando el Codice de Roda está el texto del epitalamio de la reina Leodigunda, hija de un rey Ordoño de León posiblemente Ordoño I: "pulcra Ordonii filia" que casó con un rey de Pamplona (puede que con García Iñiguez, pero no es seguro). Otros le atribuyen otros maridos Solo es seguro que casó con un rey de Pamplona y fue reina (aporte de María Emma Escobar Uribe).

• Resumen de algunas de las ideas —dice María Emma Escobar Uribe— y se copio literalmente unas frases de Claudio Sánchez Albornoz en "Origenes del reino de Pamplona y su vinculación con el valle del Ebro" sobre los Jimenos: "Constituye la historia de esta familia uno de los problemas todavía sin resolver del pasado del reino de Pamplona. Y temo que mientras nuevos documentos no vengan en nuestra ayuda, el problema seguirá constituyendo un enigma histórico absolutamente indescifrable". El resumen, más o menos es el siguiete: Claro que hay muchas teorías sobre el tema, y alguna puede que sea correcta. Pérez de Urbel pensaba que los Jimenos eran parientes del duque de Gascuña, destituído en 816, que habían venido a España, cerca de sus parientes, los Arista, y en una vicisitud en que estos (los Arista) no habían podido estar cerca del trono, se habían quedado con ese trono. Hay otros datos que sugieren otra interpretación: los Anales Laurissensses y los Anales Reales Carolingios dicen: "destruída Pamplona, subyugados los vascones españoles y también los navarros..." ¿se podría entender este texto como una referencia a dos grupos regionaels diferentes con diferentes caudillos?. Otro códice: el Fragmentum codici Fontenellensis dice: "En el mes de Junio del año 850 tuvo Carlos una reunión en su palacio de Verberia. Allí se presentaron los enviados de Iñigo y Jimeno, duques de los navarros ofreciéndole dones...." Frente a estos textos, los citados Anales hablan otras veces de pamploneses y navarros como el mismo pueablo con el mismo jefe, así que es difícil sacar conclusiones claras, ni negar ninguna de las dos opciones. Para algunos historiadores, Iñigos y Jimenos descendían de un tronco común. ¿Podría ser ese tronco el "Jimeno el Fuerte" con el que se cruzó Abd al Rahman en 781 cuando fue a tierras cispirenaicas? ¿Por eso dice el Códice de Roda : "Garcia Scemenonis et Eneco Scemenonis fratres fuerunt". De momento y según Sánchez Albornoz, no hay bases para sostener fundamentadamente ninguna de estas teorías. Este agregado es mío: Ahora, puestos a hacer hipótesis, que cada uno haga la que quiera, porque será difícil que aparezcan más papeles, aunque nunca se debe perder la esperanza! (Aporte de María Emma Escobar Uribe, 1-I-2005, en Red Iris).

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BIOGRAPHY: d. Nov. 21, 1150, Lorca, Navarre [Spain]

byname GARCÍA THE RESTORER, Spanish GARCÍA EL RESTAURADOR, king of Pamplona (Navarre) from 1134 to 1150, grandson of Sancho IV and son of El Cid's daughter Cristina and Ramiro Sánchez, lord of Monzón.

When Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre died in 1134 and the Aragonese proclaimed the succession for his brother Ramiro II, the Navarrese rebelled and restored their own ancient line in the person of García Ramirez. García IV broke the union of Aragon and Navarre by declaring himself a vassal of Alfonso VII of Castile, "emperor" of Spain, but a year later he broke with Castile and allied himself with the Portuguese against Castile and Aragon. After Ramiro's abdication (1137), there ensued a period of warfare and intrigue among the kingdoms of Spain, ending in 1149. In spite of these wars García IV collaborated with Alfonso VII against the Muslim Almohads and took part in the conquest of Almeria (1147). On his death, he was succeeded by his son Sancho VI.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

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García Ramírez de Pamplona

García Ramírez llamado «el Restaurador» (fallecido en Lorca (Navarra), 21 de noviembre de 1150), fue rey de Pamplona de 1134 a 1150.

Elegido por los magnates y obispos navarros como rey al no acatar las disposiciones testamentarias de Alfonso I el Batallador.

Hijo del infante Ramiro Sánchez, señor de Monzón y de Logroño; y de Cristina Rodríguez Díaz, hija del Cid Campeador.

Parece que buscando una solución a la separación de los reinos de Aragón y Pamplona, que habían sido gobernados conjuntamente desde la muerte de Sancho el de Peñalén hasta la muerte del Batallador, propusieron que Ramiro II de Aragón fuese el "padre" y García Ramírez el "hijo". Los dos conservarían su respectivo reino, sin embargo, la primacía sobre el pueblo sería de Ramiro II el Monje.

Al entrar en Zaragoza Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y rendirle vasallaje los zaragozanos, se acentúa la separación entre los dos reinos, que en su día fueron feudo de Sancho el Mayor.

Aliado con Alfonso I de Portugal, en 1137 se enfrentó a Alfonso VII de Castilla, a quien había prestado vasallaje. Firmaron la paz entre 1139 y 1140.

Los navarros ocuparon Tauste en el 1146, pero Alfonso VII actuó como árbitro entre los dos reinos.

En 1144, después de enviudar, se casó con una hija de Alfonso, Urraca, siendo a partir de esa fecha parientes del emperador leonés-castellano los reyes de Navarra y Aragón; Ramón Berenguer era cuñado y García Ramírez yerno. Ambos se reconocieron vasallos del emperador Alfonso VII.[cita requerida]

A partir de esa fecha vemos a García Ramírez auxiliando a Alfonso VII en sus campañas de reconquista, concretamente en la campaña de Almería, que fue conquistada por las tropas cristianas en 1147.

En 1149 firmó un tratado de paz con Ramón Berenguer, por el cual el catalán se casaría con su hija Blanca, a pesar de estar prometido con Petronila de Aragón, pero al morir García Ramírez no se llevó a cabo el compromiso.

Murió el 21 de noviembre de 1150 en Lorca, cerca de Estella.

Casado después de 1130 con Margarita de L'Aigle, tuvieron como descendencia a:

Sancho VI, "El Sabio", rey de Navarra, casado con Sancha de Castilla.

Blanca de Navarra, n. después de 1133, que se casó con Sancho III de Castilla "El Deseado".

Margarita de Navarra, casada con Guillermo I, Rey de Sicilia.

Casado en segundas nupcias el 24 de junio de 1144, en León, con Urraca, hija bastarda del rey Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y de Guntroda, teniendo como descendencia a:

Sancha de Navarra, casada con Gastón V, Vizconde de Béarn, fallecido en 1170. Casada en segundas nupcias con el conde Pedro Manrique de Lara, II Señor de Molina y Mesa, XIII Vizconde de Narbona

Rodrigo Garcés, Conde de Montescaglioso.

Casado en terceras nupcias con Ganfreda López.

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García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (in Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions. Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro. Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession. García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question. On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief. Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own. On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_VI_of_Navarre for more information.

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García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

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García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

Early yearsGarcía was born in the early twelfth century. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother Cristina was a daughter of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid.

[edit] Rise to powerWhen Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among García's other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

[edit] García's heirsSometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings. The elder, Blanche, born after 1133, was to marry Raymond Berengar IV, as confirmed by a peace treaty in 1149, in spite of the count's existing betrothal to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out. Instead she married Sancho III of Castile. The younger, Margaret, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María la Real in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Santa María de la Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

[edit] SourcesLourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct., 1975), pp 635–651. Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII." Príncipe de Viana. 94–95 (1964). Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194. London: Longmans, 1970.

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My new book, LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS is now available at: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. You will find there many of your ancestors and a biography summary of each of them. We have several branches in common. Check it up, it’s worth it. Ramón Rionda

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García Ramírez ( basco : Gartzea Remiritz ), às vezes García IV , V , VI ou VII ( c. 1112 - 21 de novembro de 1150), chamado o Restaurador ( espanhol : el Restaurador , basco: Berrezarlea ), era o rei de Navarra (Pamplona ) de 1134.

A eleição de García Ramírez restaurou a independência do reino navarro após 58 anos de união política com o reino de Aragão.

Depois de algum conflito inicial, ele se alinharia com o rei Alfonso VII de Leão e Castela , e como seu aliado participa da Reconquista.

Biografia

García nasceu de Ramiro Sánchez , senhor de Monzón, cujo próprio pai Sancho era filho ilegítimo do rei García Sánchez III de Navarra .

Sua mãe era Cristina , filha do nobre castelhano Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, mais conhecido como El Cid .

Ele sucedeu a seu pai como senhor de Monzón e também controlou Logroño .

Em 1134, uma crise de sucessão surgiu nos reinos unidos de Navarra e Aragão.

Como consequência do assassinato do rei Sancho IV de Navarra em 1076 por seus irmãos, Navarra foi dividida entre Castela e Aragão, com os reis deste último reivindicando a coroa navarro.

Com a morte do rei guerreiro e sem filhos Alfonso, o guerreiro de Navarra e de Aragão, em 1134, a sucessão de ambos os reinos entrou em disputa.

Em seu testamento incomum, Alfonso havia deixado os reinos combinados para três ordens cruzadas, o que efetivamente neutralizou o papado de exercer um papel na seleção entre os candidatos potenciais.

Rejeitou imediatamente o testamento, a nobreza de Aragão favoreceu Ramiro , irmão mais novo de Alfonso , um monge. A nobreza de Navarra, cética de que Ramiro tivesse o temperamento necessário para resistir às incursões de seu vizinho ocidental, o rei Afonso VII de Leão e Castela , que era outro reclamante, e talvez se irritasse com a continuada hegemonia aragonesa, inicialmente favoreceu outro candidato, Pedro de Atarés , neto do tio ilegítimo de Afonso, Sancho Ramírez, conde de Ribagorza .

Uma convocação dos bispos e da nobreza foi realizada em Pamplona para decidir entre Pedro e Ramiro, mas ficaram tão alienados pela arrogância de Pedro que o abandonaram em favor de um descendente de sua própria dinastia, García Ramírez, Senhor de Monzón, que como Pedro descendia de um irmão ilegítimo de um ex-rei.

Foi devidamente eleito pela nobreza e clero de Navarra, enquanto Ramiro foi entronizado pelo de Aragão e se opôs fortemente à eleição de García em Navarra.

Diante disso, o bispo de Pamplona concedeu a García o tesouro de sua igreja para financiar seu governo contra as pretensões de Ramiro.

Entre os outros apoiadores de García estavam Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit e o conde Latro, que negociou em nome do rei com Ramiro.

Eventualmente, no entanto, em janeiro de 1135 com o Pacto de Vadoluengo, os dois monarcas chegaram a um acordo mútuo de "adoção": García foi considerado o "filho" e Ramiro o "pai" na tentativa de manter a independência de cada reino e do supremacia de facto do aragonês.

Em maio de 1135, García declarou-se vassalo de Alfonso VII . Isso simultaneamente o colocou sob a proteção e senhorio de Castela e comprou o reconhecimento de seu status real de Alfonso, que era um pretendente à sucessão do Battler.

A submissão de García a Castela foi vista como um ato de proteção para Navarra que teve como consequência colocá-la em uma aliança ofensiva contra Aragão e, agora que García havia se voltado para Alfonso, obrigou Ramiro a se casar, gerar um herdeiro e forjar um aliança com Ramon Berenguer IV, Conde de Barcelona .

Por outro lado, García pode ter respondido ao casamento de Ramiro, o que provou sem sombra de dúvida que o rei de Aragão estava procurando outro herdeiro que seu parente distante e filho adotivo. Árvore genealógica dos candidatos às coroas de Navarra e Aragão: 1134:

Antes de setembro de 1135, Alfonso VII concedeu García Zaragoza como feudo. Recentemente conquistado de Aragão, este posto avançado da autoridade castelhana no leste estava claramente além da capacidade militar de controle de Alfonso e forneceu outras razões para o reconhecimento de García em Navarra em troca não só de sua homenagem, mas também de manter Zaragoza em nome de Castela.

Em 1136, Alfonso foi obrigado a homenagear o Saragoça a Ramiro e a reconhecê-lo como Rei de Saragoça.

Em 1137, Zaragoza foi entregue a Raymond Berengar, embora Alfonso mantivesse a suserania sobre ele.

A essa altura, o reinado de García em Zaragoza havia encerrado. Algum tempo depois de 1130, mas antes de sua sucessão, García casou -se com Margaret de L'Aigle .

Ela teria um filho e sucessor, Sancho VI , bem como duas filhas que se casaram com reis.

A mais velha, Blanche , nascida depois de 1133, originalmente se casaria com Raymond Berengar IV, conforme confirmado por um tratado de paz em 1149, apesar do noivado existente do conde com Petronila de Aragão , mas García morreu antes que o casamento pudesse ser realizado.

Em vez disso, ela se casou com Sancho III de Castela .

A filha mais nova, Margaret , casou-se com Guilherme I da Sicília .

O relacionamento de García com sua primeira rainha era, no entanto, instável. Ela supostamente teve muitos amantes e mostrou favoritismo a seus parentes franceses.

Ela teve um segundo filho chamado Rodrigo , que seu marido se recusou a reconhecer como seu.

Em 24 de junho de 1144, em León , García casou-se com Urraca , chamada La Asturiana (o asturiano), filha ilegítima de Alfonso VII, para fortalecer seu relacionamento com seu senhor feudal.

Em 1136, García foi obrigado a entregar Rioja a Castela , mas, em 1137, aliou-se a Alfonso I de Portugal e enfrentou Alfonso VII.

Eles confirmaram a paz entre 1139 e 1140. Posteriormente, ele foi um aliado de Castela na Reconquista e foi fundamental na conquista de Almería em 1147.

Em 1146, ocupou Tauste , que pertencia a Aragão, e Alfonso VII interveio para mediar a paz entre os dois reinos.

García morreu em 21 de novembro de 1150 em Lorca, perto de Estella , e foi sepultado na catedral de Santa María la Real em Pamplona.

Ele foi sucedido por seu filho mais velho. Deixou uma filha com Urraca: Sancha, que se casou sucessivamente com Gaston V de Béarn e Pedro Manrique de Lara .

García deixou como principal monumento de seu reinado o mosteiro de Santa María de la Oliva em Carcastillo . É um belo exemplo da arquitetura românica . García Ramírez de Navarra.

García Ramírez casou -se com Margarida de L'Aigle , neta de Geoffrey II, Conde de Perche . Tiveram quatro filhos, mas apenas os três primeiros foram reconhecidos por García Ramírez: :

Sancho Garcés , apelidado de Sábio , governou como Rei de Navarra de 1150 até sua morte em 1194. Seria o primeiro monarca a usar o título de "de Navarra". Casou-se com Sancha de Castela , filha de Alfonso VII de Leão , rei da Galiza , Leão e Castela.

Blanche , casou-se em 1151 com Sancho III de Castela , rei de Castela .

Margaret , casada com Guilherme I , Rei da Sicília , e que governou como Rainha Regente da Sicília.

Rodrigo , mais tarde conhecido como Henrique, foi nomeado conde de Montescaglioso por sua irmã Margarida, rainha regente da Sicília.

Em 24 de junho de 1144 casou-se com Urraca de Castela , filha ilegítima do rei Alfonso VII de Leão e Castela e sua amante Gontrodo Pérez .

Eles eram os pais de: Sancha (1148–1176), casada primeiro com Gaston V de Béarn e depois com Pedro Manrique de Lara , Visconde de Narbonne e Senhor de Molina

Notas:

Origens Casado Lobato, Concepción (1979). "¿Un intento de secesión asturiana en el siglo XII" (PDF) . Asturiensia medievalia (em espanhol) (3). Oviedo: Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Historia Medieval. pp. 163–172. ISSN 0301-889X .

Domínguez Fernández, Enrique; Larrambebere Zabal, Miguel (1994). García Ramírez el Restaurador (1134–1150) . Reyes de Navarra, vol. 8a. Pamplona: Editorial Mintzoa. Grassotti, Hilda (1964). "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII" (PDF) .

Príncipe de Viana (em espanhol). 25 (94–95): 57–66. ISSN 0032-8472 . Lourie, Elena (1975). "A vontade de Alfonso I, 'El Batallador', Rei de Aragão e Navarra: uma reavaliação". Speculum . Vol. 50, No. 4. Out .: 635–651. doi : 10.2307 / 2855471 . JSTOR 2855471 . S2CID 159659007 . Luscombe, David; Riley-Smith, Jonathan, eds. (2004). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, C.1024-c.1198, Parte II . Cambridge University Press. Mallette, Karla (2005). O Reino da Sicília, 1100-1250: Uma História Literária .

University of Pennsylvania Press. Norwich, John Julius (1970). O Reino do Sol, 1130-1194 . Longmans. Pamplona, ​​Germán de (1949). "Filiación y derechos al Trono de Navarra de Garcia Ramirez el Restaurador" . Príncipe de Viana (em espanhol) (35/36): 275–83. ISSN 0032-8472 .

Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1994). "Reflexiones sobre la posible historicidad de un episodio de la Crónica Najerense" (PDF) . Príncipe de Viana (em espanhol) (201): 149–156. ISSN 0032-8472 . T

orres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1999). Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII (em espanhol). Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura. ISBN 84-7846-781-5 . García Ramírez de Navarra - https://pt.qaz.wiki/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre

https://pt.qaz.wiki/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre

El rey García V Ramírez o García Ramírez V, “el Restaurador”, Rey de Navarra y Pamplona, Señor de Monzón, señor de Logroño, (quien recuperó el trono de Pamplona tras fallecer Alfonso I de Aragón sin descendencia); fue hermano natural de mi (Veinticincoabuelo) Infante Sancho Ramírez de la Piscina, Señor de Peñacerrada Arellano y Puelles. C/s. (Ramírez de Arellano); hijo del Infante Ramiro Sánchez de Pamplona y de Navarra, Señor de Monzón y ”Elvira” Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar (hija del Cid Campeador, Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar); marido de Elvira Gómez (hija del Conde Gómez González, Gobernador de la Bureba, y de Doña Urraca Díaz de la casa de los Ansúrez); quién fue padre natural de mi (Veinticuatroabuelo) Sancho Sánchez Ramírez de la Piscina, Ricohombre, Señor de Solana, Sonsierra, Vidaurreta, Peñacerrada, I Señor de Arellano en el Valle de Solina y Merindad de Estella, en el reino de Navarra, de quienes proceden los Señores de los Cameros, Condes de Aguilar de Inestrillas, Señores de Ausejo y Alcanadre, Condes de Murillo, etc.; así como también fue padre de Ramiro Sánchez de la Piscina, y Pedro Sánchez de la Piscina y de Puelles. El rey García V Ramírez de Pamplona o García Ramírez V, “el Restaurador” también fue hermano natural de Alfonso Ramírez, Señor de Castroviejo; y de Elvira Ramírez de Navarra, Señora de Álava.

García V Ramírez o García Ramírez V “el Restaurador”

García V era hijo de Ramiro Sánchez, señor de Monzón fallecido en el año 1116 (1) y que había casado con una hija del Cid Campeador llamada Cristina (Elvira en el Poema del mío Cid). Ramiro Sánchez era hijo de Sancho Garcés de Navarra, señor de Uncastillo y de Sangüesa que había casado con Constanza, hija de Sancho señor de Marañón. Este Sancho Garcés de Navarra había muerto en el año 1083 en el castillo de Rueda en una emboscada del rey moro de Zaragoza. Sancho Garcés es considerado hijo ilegítimo del rey García III Sánchez “el de Nájera” y por consiguiente hermano bastardo de Sancho IV Garcés, despeñado en Peñalén el año 1076.

La dinastía es pues restaurada en un sobrino nieto, por línea directa no legítima, del último soberano de Pamplona. García V Ramírez “ el Restaurador” había luchado junto a Alfonso el Batallador con quien se encontraba cuando fueron derrotados por los almorávides en el año 1134.

La reconstrucción del ejercicio de la autoridad en el viejo reyno no sería tarea fácil para el nuevo monarca y tampoco lo sería conseguir el respeto y la colaboración de sus vecinos, especialmente para mantener la integridad territorial de Navarra respecto a Castilla. Muchas cosas habían cambiado en el siglo XI en Europa y las nuevas actividades económicas que habían ido de la mano de la constitución de aglomeraciones urbanas, con un fuerte contenido de pobladores inmigrantes de otras latitudes, necesitaban una regulación jurídica sobre lo que se carecía de experiencia.

La fidelidad de los nobles pamploneses, acostumbrados ahora a moverse continuamente fuera de sus “tenencias” en las correrías y conquistas de los reyes aragoneses, no seguiría en adelante las pautas de comportamientos estables y leales, siempre en el marco de una estricta organización militar, de aquellos tiempos de Sancho el Mayor. También habría que reconstituir una hacienda real independiente de Aragón, con cuyo reino habría que dirimir además no pocas ambigüedades fronterizas. Las cuestiones religiosas seguían siendo muy importantes y aparecía ahora el papado de Roma, no solamente como un elemento nuevo a tener en cuenta en las relaciones entre la realeza, la vida monacal reformada y los episcopados, sino también como un poder hostil que buscaba hacer cumplir el testamento de Bayona de Alfonso“el Batallador” que beneficiaba a las órdenes militares.

Todas estas eran tareas que no podrían ser afrontadas solamente por García “el Restaurador” y algunas de ellas serían llevadas a cabo por su hijo Sancho VI “el Sabio” y su nieto Sancho VII “el Fuerte”. El denominador común de estos tres reinados será la búsqueda de paz y estabilidad con los vecinos reinos de Castilla y de Aragón, que desde el regicidio del año 1076 en Peñalén, habían visto una Navarra débil, encerrada en sí misma y sin posibilidades fronterizas de expansión a costa del mundo musulmán. A lo largo de estos reinados, no menos de cinco veces llegan los castellanos y los aragoneses a acordar un reparto de los territorios de Navarra.

El Restaurador era consciente de que la negación del testamento de Bayona de Alfonso el Batallador por los nobles navarros le había convertido juridicamente de facto en un “monarca electo” ya que en pura legitimidad los derechos sucesorios - descartada la línea directa de los infantes Sancho y García - recaían a la muerte de Sancho IV “el de Peñalén” en el rey de Castilla Alfonso VI, con preferencia sobre el abuelo de García, Sancho Garcés, señor de Uncastillo y Sangüesa. De modo que Alfonso VII de Castilla, nieto de Alfonso VI, y coetáneo de García “el Restaurador”, tenía un derecho vigente no por monarquía electiva sino por legitimidad hereditaria. Cuando en el año 1135, Alfonso VII exige a García de Navarra rendirle vasallaje, éste lo acepta consciente de la necesidad de entrar en una prudente vía diplomática de sumisión hasta sentir su trono consolidado. En el año 1130 había casado con Margarita de Aigle cuya abuela Beatriz de Roucy era hermana de Felicia, la esposa del rey Sancho I Ramírez de Aragón y Navarra (2).

Uno de los primeros actos del rey García, una vez coronado rey en Pamplona, fue la fundación del monasterio de Santa María de la Oliva (1134), encomendado a la Orden del Cister que comenzaba a florecer en Navarra.

La resolución de los litigios fronterizos era sin duda lo más urgente de resolver pues de lo contrario las lealtades nobiliarias serían cuestión personal de cada “tenente” y no podrían encontrar cauce definitivo en aquellas zonas sin un acuerdo sellado entre los reyes. Así por ejemplo, inicialmente optaron, entre otros, por el rey Ramiro los “tenentes” de Valtierra, Arguedas, Cascante, Monteagudo, Tarazona, Mallén, Ejea, Alfaro o Cervera del Río Alhama. Mientras que optaban por el rey García, entre otros, los “tenentes” de Sangüesa, Ujué, Funes, Villafranca, Arnedo, Calahorra, Tudela (3) e incluso Monzón, en donde el propio rey navarro había sido “tenente” de esa plaza (1131-1134) en tiempos del reinado de Alfonso I el Batallador.

El pacto de Vadoluengo de enero del año 1135 vendría a delimitar las fronteras entre Aragón y Navarra.

La frontera entre los reinos se trazó en Vadoluengo por la divisoria de aguas de los valles de Salazar y Roncal, quedando este último valle con Aragón. Desde Bigüezal la frontera venía por el río Salazar hasta encontrar el río Irati. La frontera seguía entonces por los cauces de los ríos Irati, Aragón y Ebro hasta Tudela. Se acordó sin embargo mantener como enclaves recíprocos las tenencias que anteriormente habían existido en cada territorio según había dispuesto Sancho el Mayor. No obstante lo acordado como frontera divisoria, el rey navarro consiguió en Vadoluengo recibir en feudo el valle del Roncal y algunas plazas como Villafranca (Alesves), Cadreita y Valtierra. Petilla de Aragón quedó con Navarra por haber sido antes propiedad del rey García “el de Nájera” pero en los conflictos fronterizos que se registraron entre 1141 y 1143 esta plaza fue conquistada por Aragón. Volvería a Navarra a principios del siglo XIII con Sancho VII “el Fuerte”. El importante monasterio de Leyre quedó con el rey Ramiro y sus documentos están por él calendados hasta el año 1137 en que Leyre pasa al señorío de Pamplona.

El pacto de Vadoluengo había determinado también la relación jerárquica entre ambos reyes.

Ramiro II, por herencia de su hermano Alfonso el Batallador, confirmó una preeminencia sobre García Ramírez pero el pacto fue válido para refrendar la posesión por parte de éste del trono navarro. Del mismo modo que el alumbramiento del Reino de Aragón, tras la muerte de Sancho el Mayor e incluso de su hijo García III Sánchez “el de Nájera”, no había sido algo instantáneo y automático, sino gradual y conseguido con tiempo y diplomacia por los reyes aragoneses, podría decirse que ahora el alumbramiento o “restauración” de la dinastía navarra en su trono también habría de ser un proceso que iría consolidándose poco a poco. Y en este proceso el último reconocimiento vendría del pontífice de Roma no antes de finales del siglo XII.

Aunque los reyes navarros habían detentado tradicionalmente el título de " Pampilonensium rex", ”rey de los pamploneses” o más tarde “rex in Pampilona et in Naiera”, “rey en Pamplona y en Nájera”, los historiadores hablan más bien del "reino de Pamplona". La dinastía navarro-aragonesa (1076-1134), por Sancho I Ramírez, había entablado en Roma (1068 y 1071) una firme alianza y relación privilegiada con el pontífice Alejandro II, otorgando a éste una subordinación vasallática. Cuando a la muerte de Alfonso el Batallador (1134) los navarros y los aragoneses descartan su testamento, el papado niega formalmente el título de "rex" a la dinastía navarra restaurada en García V Ramírez. Roma califica entonces solamente de "dux" o jefe militar al rey de los pamploneses. Será su hijo Sancho VI el Sabio el que cambiará en el año 1162 el título de "rex Pampilonensium" por el de "rex Navarrae" o “navarrorum rex” que Roma aún tardará al menos treinta años en aceptar formalmente el año 1196, bajo el reinado de Sancho VII “el Fuerte”.

Poco después del pacto de Vadoluengo, en el mes de mayo de 1135, se firma el acuerdo de Nájera en que el rey navarro se declara vasallo del rey castellano Alfonso VII por sus territorios en Pamplona, no por los de la ribera del Ebro y Tudela, acordando algún tipo de reglas de juego - que no se conocen bien - para repartirse las conquistas que pudieran llevarse a cabo en el valle del Ebro y Zaragoza. Este acuerdo de Nájera revivía el vasallaje que había prestado Sancho I Ramírez a Alfonso VI por el “condado de Navarra” y que aunque pesaría sobre García durante todo su reinado, constituyó la mejor garantía para mantenerse en el trono y consolidar una difícil “restauración” en Pamplona.

No obstante este buen comienzo de entendimiento con Aragón y Castilla, se suceden a partir del año 1136, durante aproximadamente diez años, enfrentamientos con ambos reinos vecinos que habían acordado secretamente en el tratado de Carrión de los Condes, de 22 de febrero de 1140, repartirse entre ambos el reino de Navarra. Durante el período 1137-1140 los conflictos fronterizos habían sido contínuos e incluso en una ocasión el rey García penetró hasta Jaca incendiándola. El 11 de agosto de 1136 el rey Ramiro II ha visto nacer a su hija Petronila y un año después - el 11 de agosto de 1137 - se firman los esponsales en Barbastro, comprometiéndose al conde de Barcelona Ramón Berenguer IV. Tras los acuerdos de Carrión, el ataque a Navarra vendrá dado precísamente por el conde catalán que había recibido de Ramiro II el gobierno de Aragón el 13 de noviembre del año 1137, retirándose poco después Ramiro al convento de San Pedro de Huesca en donde murió en agosto del año 1157, estando allí enterrado con su hermano Alfonso I el Batallador. Las tropas de Berenguer llegan hasta Pamplona y derrotan al rey García en Ejea de los Caballeros.

Por ese tiempo Alfonso VII de Castilla concierta con García de Navarra el matrimonio de sus hijos respectivamente Sancho y Blanca (4) que habría de celebrarse en Calahorra el año 1151, ya después de muerto el rey navarro en 1150. Por otro lado, para refrendar la tregua suscrita el año 1143, el 19 de junio del año 1144 casa el rey navarro - que había enviudado en mayo del año 1141 de la reina Margarita de Aigle - con Urraca Alfónsez, hija natural del rey Alfonso VII. La paz entre Navarra y Castilla se firmará en San Esteban de Gormaz en noviembre de 1146. La paz con Aragón vendría más tarde, el 1 de julio de 1149.

Alfonso VII había recuperado Logroño de manos de García V Ramírez, acordándose en la tregua de 1143 crear el “reino de Nájera” que quedará bajo el gobierno de los castellanos.

Durante los cuatro años siguientes - hasta la muerte del rey navarro el año 1150 en Lorca - los conflictos entre Aragón, Navarra y Castilla son aparcados para unirse los tres reinos en una lucha contra los almorávides. El rey García participa en la campaña de Almería de octubre de 1147, cuya destrucción era buscada por el conde Berenguer de Barcelona ya que, siendo nido de piratas que atacaban los puertos del Mediterráneo, era también el principal puerto utilizado por los musulmanes. Las ciudades de Génova y Pisa sufrían también de los ataques de estos piratas desde Almería y por ello participaron en esta campaña numerosos comerciantes genoveses y pisanos, incluso franceses y portugueses. Los nobles navarros apoyan decididamente estas campañas de reconquista pues para ellos es una fuente de ingresos y de honores.

El rey García V Ramírez cabalgaba el 21 de noviembre de 1150 de Estella a Pamplona cuando su caballo lanzado al galope cayó y fue muerto. Le sucedió su hijo Sancho VI, "el sabio" que será un rey transcendental para Navarra y reinará hasta el año 1194.

El rey GARCÍA V RAMÍREZ o García Ramírez V, "el Restaurador"(1134-1150) estuvo casado en primeras nupcias con Margarita de l’Aigle; y tuvieron como hijos naturales a el rey SANCHO VI, "el Sabio" (1150-1194) casado con Sancha de Castilla († 1179) (hija de Alfonso VII, el Emperador / † 1157); a Blanca († 1156) casada con Sancho III de Castilla (1157-1158) (hijo de Alfonso VII, el Emperador) y que ambos tuvieron como hijo natural a Alfonso VIII de Castilla (1158-1214); y a Margarita († 1183) casada con Guillermo I, rey de Sicilia († 1166).

El rey GARCÍA V RAMÍREZ o García Ramírez V, "el Restaurador"(1134-1150) también estuvo casado en segundas nupcias con Urraca de Castilla y León (1144) (Hija ilegítima de Alfonso VII).

El hijo primogénito del rey GARCÍA V RAMÍREZ o García Ramírez V, "el Restaurador" y su sucesor como rey SANCHO VI, "el Sabio" (1150-1194) casado con Sancha de Castilla († 1179) (hija de Alfonso VII, el Emperador / † 1157), ambos tuvieron como hijos naturales a el rey SANCHO VII, "el Fuerte" (1194-1234) casado con Constanza de Tolosa (1195) (hija de Ramón VI, conde de Tolosa, † 1222); a Berenguela († 1230) casada con Ricardo, Corazón de León, rey de Inglaterra (1191) († 1999); a Blanca († 1229) casada con Teobaldo III de Champaña (1199) († 1201) que ambos tuvieron como hijo natural a TEOBALDO I (1234-1253); a Fernando; a Constanza; y a Ramiro.

La dinastía de Navarra restaurada inició con el rey García V Ramírez o García Ramírez V “el Restaurador”, después prosiguió con su hijo el rey Sancho VI “el Sabio” (1150-1194) casado con Sancha de Castilla († 1179) y posteriormente con su nieto el rey SANCHO VII, "el Fuerte" (1194-1234) casado con Constanza de Tolosa (1195) (hija de Ramón VI, conde de Tolosa, † 1222)

La historia común de Aragón y Navarra durante el período transcurrido desde el siglo X hasta el fallecimiento de Alfonso el Batallador en el año 1134, nos debe dar una idea de la influencia recíproca que necesariamente hubo de haber existido en todos los órdenes entre ambos reinos cristianos, incluso en las hablas romances de los dos territorios. Y así se constata que numerosos rasgos del romance navarro coinciden con el romance aragonés a lo largo de toda la Edad Media. Hoy día la fonética en el valle del Ebro tiene una fortísima semejanza en Navarra y en Aragón, sin olvidar La Rioja de Alfaro a Nájera.

Ambos reinos toman desde el año 1134 rumbos separados hasta Fernando el Católico que los unirá de nuevo en España a partir del año 1512. Serán cerca de cuatro siglos que van a tener características distintas de los más de tres siglos que ya hemos recorrido en este ensayo sobre la Historia Medieval del Reyno de Navarra. Escrito por Danilo Armando López Rodríguez

http://www.lebrelblanco.com/10.htm

García V Ramírez el Restaurador Rey de Pamplona (1134-1150). Era hijo de Cristina Rodríguez, hija de Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar "el Cid Campeador". Por vía paterna era descendiente de la dinastía pamplonesa; era hijo del infante Ramiro Sánchez, que a su vez era hijo de Constanza y del infante Sancho, hijo ilegítimo de García Sánchez III "el de Nájera" y hermano natural del rey Sancho IV Garcés "el de Peñalén".

El rey García Ramírez contrajo matrimonio en primeras nupcias con Margarita de l'Aigle Rotrou. Margarita era sobrina carnal del conde Rotrou de Perche, del cual recibió Tudela por señorío, y su madre, Juliana de Perche, era prima hermana de Alfonso el Batallador. Los hijos de este matrimonio fueron Margarita, que fue esposa del rey Guillermo I de Sicilia; Blanca, esposa del que sería posteriormente Sancho III de Castilla. No llegó a ser reina y murió al dar a luz al futuro rey Alfonso VIII de Castilla; y por último, Sancho VI "el Sabio", rey de Navarra (1150-1194).

El 19 de junio de 1144 García Ramírez casó en segundas nupcias con Urraca, hija extramatrimonial del rey Alfonso VII de Castilla. Este matrimonio afianzó su acercamiento a Castilla y fruto de este segundo enlace nació Sancha, esposa del vizconde Gastón V del Béarn.

A la llegada del rey García al trono, el reino de Pamplona estaba constituido por una serie de tierras de diversa personalidad. El núcleo central de sus dominios estaba formado por Pamplona, Álava, Vizcaya y Guipúzcoa. Asimismo aparece citado en la documentación como rey de otros territorios, por ejemplo, de Valdosella (1141), de Sos (1143), de Estella (1143), etc. Bajo su reinado no contó con el dominio de la Rioja, pues estas tierras, que anteriormente estuvieron en manos de reyes pamploneses, quedaron en manos de la familia Haro, cabeza de puente del expansionismo castellano.

Además de ser rey de Pamplona, García Ramírez poseyó importantes dominios señoriales; además del señorío de Tudela que procedía de la dote de su primera mujer, le correspondía el señorío de Logroño y ostentó el título de "señor de Monzón".

El problema sucesorio El rey de Aragón y Pamplona Alfonso I "el Batallador" falleció el 7 de septiembre de 1134 sin dejar descendencia directa. Los sucesores legítimos al trono más cercanos eran García Ramírez y un hermano del fallecido Alfonso, Ramiro "el Monje", si bien, el rey en su disposición testamentaria constituyó herederos de todo su patrimonio, a partes iguales, a las órdenes militares del Sepulcro del Señor en Jerusalén, del Hospital de los pobres de Jerusalén y del Templo de Salomón. Su testamento no fue aceptado y mientras la nobleza aragonesa reconoció como rey a Ramiro II de Aragón, García Ramirez se proclamó rey de los pamploneses con el apoyo del obispo de Pamplona García de Larrosa y de los principales señores pamploneses, entre los cuales se encontraba el conde D. Ladrón, señor de Guipúzcoa, Álava y Vizcaya.

Entre Aragón y Castilla El reino de Pamplona se encontraba cercado entre dos reinos que frenaban su expansión, y García Ramírez se vio en la obligación de mantenerse a la defensiva, haciendo uso de una intensa actividad de diplomacia que se alternaba con periodos de belicosidad.

En un primer momento las relaciones entre el rey de Pamplona y el rey de Aragón fueron tirantes, hasta que, entre diciembre del año 1134 y enero de 1135, tres emisarios de García Ramírez y tres de Ramiro se reunieron en Vadoluengo para llegar a un punto de encuentro en torno a las potestades y los límites de ambos reinos. Uno de los tres representantes de García Ramírez en Vadoluengo, D. Ladrón, decidió la restauración del reino con el peso favorable de sus condados. García se constituía rey de Pamplona pero bajo el vasallaje de Ramiro II, y como fronteras acordaron señalar los mismos límites que estableció Sancho "el Mayor". Asimismo se acordó otorgar a Ramiro, dado su cercano parentesco con el rey anterior, el título de "padre de García", estableciéndose entre ambos monarcas una relación pseudo-paternofilial.

La iglesia por su parte, pareció admitir la restauración del reino, pero no reconoció inmediatamente a sus gobernantes como reyes. La iglesia denominó"duques" a los reyes pamploneses hasta el año 1196.

Unos meses más tarde, en mayo del año 1035 en Nájera, García se alejará del rey aragonés para aliarse con Alfonso VII de Castilla. García firmaba en julio de este año como rey de Pamplona, Álava, Vizcaya y Tudela, a la vez que guardaba vasallaje al rey castellano como emperador. Alfonso VII reconocía formalmente como rey a García, ampliando así su red de vínculos vasalláticos, y éste a su vez renunciaba a ampliar sus dominios en la Rioja, en el reino de Zaragoza y la tierra de Soria. García se sumó a la corte del emperador castellano y juntos avanzaron sobre la ciudad de Zaragoza. En septiembre de este mismo año, Alfonso VII entregó a García en encomienda el señorío de Zaragoza.

La alianza entre García Ramírez y el rey castellano se rompió en el verano de 1136, cuando Alfonso VII se acercó a Ramiro el Monje, recuperó el señorío de Zaragoza y atacó las fronteras navarras junto con las tropas aragonesas. La lucha se inició por el dominio de los señoríos occidentales -Álava, Vizcaya y Guipúzcoa- del reino pamplonés, dependientes del conde Ladrón. En septiembre de este año el conde Ladrón rendía vasallaje al rey castellano, del que posteriormente recibió el gobierno de Viguera.

Tras aguantar bien el ataque inicial y ante la unión establecida entre aragoneses y catalanes, el rey García firmó el 20 de octubre de 1137 la paz con Alfonso, mientras que continuaba la guerra contra Aragón, guerra en la que el avance navarro no conoció derrota. En 1137 el rey sitió Ablitas y ocupó Malón, Fréscano, Bureta, Barillas, Razazol y llegó a las inmediaciones de Gallur. En este lugar derrotó el 10 de abril de 1138 a las tropas catalano-aragonesas, dirigidas por Ramón Berenguer IV, yerno del rey Ramiro de Aragón y conde de Barcelona. El ejército de Alfonso VII había acudido al auxilio de los catalano-aragoneses, pero en vista de los acontecimientos se replegó sobre Nájera.

En 1139 los navarros tomaron y ocuparon Sos, Filera, Petilla y Gallipienzo. Al mismo tiempo, García entregó a la catedral de Santa María de Pamplona la jurisdicción de las iglesias navarras que hasta entonces eran dependientes de sedes aragonesas.

El pacto de Carrión (1140) y la paz de San Esteban de Gormaz (1146) El 22 de febrero de 1140, aragoneses y castellanos acordaron en Carrión el reparto de los territorios de Navarra. Por medio de este acuerdo, el rey castellano se quedaba con Marañón y las tierras navarras a la izquierda del Ebro que habían pertenecido a su abuelo Alfonso VI, y Ramón Berenguer con las tierras que anteriormente habían pertenecido a Aragón, en tiempos de Sancho Ramírez y Pedro I. También se repartían el condado de Navarra, territorio por el cual los anteriores reyes aragoneses prestaron homenaje a Alfonso VI. De este condado, Alfonso VII se quedaba con una tercera parte, la más próxima a sus dominios, y las 2 terceras partes restantes, con la ciudad de Pamplona, quedaban para Berenguer. Por estas tierras el catalán también debía prestar homenaje al rey castellano. Además de la división del territorio, acordaron entre ellos no firmar con García ni paz ni tregua de forma separada.

Pese a este acuerdo, parece ser que Alfonso VII y García Ramírez mantuvieron negociaciones y el mismo año de 1140 prometieron casar a sus hijos, Blanca de Navarra, hija del monarca pamplonés, y Sancho de Castilla, futuro rey Sancho III "el Deseado". Unos años más tarde, Alfonso VII creó en la Rioja para su hijo Sancho el reino de Nájera. Su constitución tenía como único objetivo la consolidación de la conquista de estas tierras, anteriormente vinculadas a la monarquía pamplonesa.

La guerra con Ramón Berenguer IV siguió su curso adoptando la forma de desgaste fronterizo. El monarca pamplonés, despreocupado por los territorios limítrofes con Castilla, avanzó sobre Jaca, atacó y quemó esta ciudad (1141). Mientras, el conde de Barcelona se dirigió contra el navarro, llegando a entrar en Pamplona. García continuó realizando correrías hasta las puertas de Zaragoza y llegó a conquistar la plaza de Tarazona (1142). Posteriormente Berenguer volvió a recuperar esta plaza y conquistó Sos (1143).

Finalmente, la paz entre el rey de Pamplona y el de Aragón vino auspiciada por el rey castellano. Alfonso VII pretendía acercar las posturas de ambos monarcas para poder dirigirse contra el Islam. En noviembre del año 1146, se produjo la entrevista de Alfonso VII con García en Tudején (Fitero), entrevista propiciada por el castellano bajo el pretexto de ver a su hija Urraca, casada dos años antes con el monarca pamplonés. Un mes más tarde se reunió García con el rey aragonés en San Esteban de Gormaz. En este lugar firmaron la paz, si bien, quedaron asuntos pendientes entre ambos.

García en Andalucía: la toma de Almería (1147) Una vez reconciliadas las tres monarquías, Ramón Berenguer y García Ramírez acudieron con sus tropas para tomar parte en la reconquista de Andalucía, en auxilio de Alfonso VII. Concretamente formaron parte de la campaña contra Almería, que era además una plaza ocupada por piratas. En agosto del año 1147 los pamploneses y castellanos tomaron Baeza y el 17 de octubre del mismo año Almería. Mientras que los castellanos y pamploneses atacaron la plaza por tierra, catalanes junto con genoveses y pisanos lo hicieron por mar.

Tras la toma de Almería las posturas entre el rey pamplonés y el conde de Barcelona se fueron acercando. El 1 de julio de 1149 volvieron a firmar un tratado de amistad y paz. Por este tratado Berenguer se comprometía a casarse con Dª Blanca, hija del monarca pamplonés, y como dote el conde catalán le daría al menos 12 castillos. Sin embargo, Blanca murió antes de celebrarse el matrimonio. En el mismo tratado acordaron el reparto de las futuras tierras conquistadas a los musulmanes. La intención de Berenguer era la misma que la del monarca castellano: mantener la paz en las fronteras con Pamplona para dirigirse contra los territorios musulmanes.

En junio del año 1150 García volvió a Andalucía, acompañando al emperador en una de sus expediciones. El 21 de noviembre de ese mismo año murió en Lorca, merindad de Estella, y fue enterrado en la catedral de Pamplona.

Cincuenta años después del acuerdo de Vadoluengo el poeta Bertrán de Born cantaba:

Lo bos reis Garsia Ramitz cobrera, quan vida. lh safrais, Arago, que.l monges l'estrais, el bos reis navars, cui drechs es, cobrara ab sos alaves, sol s'i atur. Aitan com aurs val mais d'azur, val mielhs e tan es plus complitz sos pretz que del rei apostitz...

"El buen rey García Ramírez hubiera recuperado, si le hubiese durado la vida, a Aragón que le usurpó el monje, y el buen rey navarro, a quien pertenece legítimamente, lo hubiera recuperado con sus alaveses, con sólo empeñarse en ello. Así como el oro vale más que el azar más vale y es más cumplido su mérito que el del rey postizo"

Bibliografía

• LACARRA DE MIGUEL, José María. Historia política del reino de Navarra: desde sus orígenes hasta su incorporación a Castilla. Pamplona, 1972.
• LADERO QUESADA, Miguel Ángel (coord.). La Reconquista y el proceso de diferenciación política (1035-1217). Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1998.
• FORTÚN PÉREZ DE CIRIZA, Luis Javier. "La quiebra de la soberanía navarra en Álava, Guipúzcoa y el Duranguesado (1199-1200)". Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos, vol. 45, 2, pp. 439-494. San Sebastián: Eusko Ikaskuntza, 2000.
• MARTÍN DUQUE, Ángel J. "Vasconia en la Alta Edad Media. Somera aproximación histórica". Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos, vol. 44, pp. 399-439. San Sebastián: Eusko Ikaskuntza, 1999.
• MARTÍN DUQUE, Ángel J. "La restauración de la monarquía navarra y las Órdenes Militares (1134-1194)". Príncipe de Viana, Año LXIII, nº 227 (2002), pp. 851-861.
• UBIETO ARTETA, Antonio. "Las Fronteras de Navarra". Príncipe de Viana, Año XIV, nº 50-51 (1953), pp. 61-96. Escrito por Danilo Armando López Rodríguez

http://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/es/garcia-v-ramirez-el-restau...

García Ramírez de Navarra

De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

García Ramírez (n. ? - † Lorca (Navarra), 21 de noviembre de 1150), rey de Navarra (1134-1150). Primer rey que abandona definitivamente el título de Rey de Pamplona.

Estatua de García Ramírez en Pamplona (1750-53).

Elegido por los magnates y obispos navarros como rey al no acatar las disposiciones testamentarias de Alfonso I, "el Batallador".

Hijo del infante Ramiro Sánchez, señor de Monzón, y de Cristina, hija del Cid Campeador.

Parece que buscando una solución a la separación de los reinos de Aragón y Navarra, que habían sido gobernados conjuntamente desde la muerte de Sancho, "el de Peñalén", hasta la muerte de Alfonso, "el Batallador", propusieron que el rey-monje de Aragón fuese el "padre" y García Ramírez el "hijo". Los dos conservarían su respectivo reino, sin embargo, la primacía sobre el pueblo sería de Ramiro.

Al entrar en Zaragoza Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y rendirle vasallaje los aragoneses, se acentúa la separación entre los dos reinos, que en su día fueron feudo de Sancho Garcés III.

Aliado con Alfonso I de Portugal, en 1137 se enfrentó a Alfonso VII de Castilla, a quien había prestado vasallaje. Firmaron la paz entre 1139 y 1140.

Los navarros ocuparon Tauste en el 1146, pero Alfonso VII actuó como árbitro entre los dos reinos.

En 1144, después de enviudar, se casó con una hija de Alfonso, Urraca, siendo a partir de esa fecha parientes del emperador leonés-castellano los reyes de Navarra y Aragón; Ramón Berenguer era cuñado y García Ramírez yerno. Ambos se reconocieron vasallos del emperador Alfonso VII.

A partir de esa fecha vemos a García Ramírez auxiliando a Alfonso VII en sus campañas de reconquista, concretamente en la campaña de Almería, que fue conquistada por las tropas cristianas en 1147.

En 1149 firmó un tratado de paz con Ramón Berenguer, por el cual el catalán se casaría con su hija Blanca, a pesar de estar prometido con Petronila de Aragón, pero al morir García Ramírez no se llevó a cabo el compromiso.

Murió el 21 de noviembre de 1150 en Lorca, cerca de Estella.

Casado después de 1130 con Margarita de l'Aigle, tuvieron como descendencia a:

Sancho VI, "El Sabio", rey de Navarra, casado con Sancha de Castilla.

Blanca de Navarra, n. después de 1133, que se casó con Sancho III de Castilla "El Deseado".

Margarita de Navarra, casada con Guillermo I, Rey de Sicilia.

Casado en segundas nupcias el 24 de junio de 1144, en León, con Urraca, hija bastarda del rey Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y de Guntroda, teniendo como descendencia a:

Sancha de Navarra, casada con Gastón V, Vizconde de Béarn, fallecido en 1170. Casada en segundas nupcias con el conde Pedro Manrique de Lara, II Señor de Molina y Mesa, XIII Vizconde de Narbona

Rodrigo Garcés, Conde de Montescaglioso.

Casado en terceras nupcias con Ganfreda López.

Predecesor:

Alfonso I de Aragón Rey de Navarra

1134 - 1150 Sucesor:

Sancho VI

---

García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

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García Ramírez of Navarre

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

Early years

García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

[edit]Rise to power

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

[edit]García's heirs

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII and Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

[edit]Sources

Lourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct., 1975), pp 635–651.

Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII." Principe de Viana. 94–95 (1964).

Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194. Longmans: London, 1970.

[

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Garc%C3%ADa VI Ramírez (Garsias Ranimiriz, also García IV, because he was only the fourth García of the Jiménez dynasty; died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García V of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII and Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 12 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

---

Falleció a consecuencia de una caída de caballo. Rey de Navarra 1134, fundó la ciudad de Vitoria.

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Elegido por los magnates y obispos navarros como rey al no acatar las disposiciones testamentarias de Alfonso I, "el Batallador".

Hijo del infante Ramiro Sánchez, Señor de Monzón, Señor de Logroño, y de Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, hija del Cid Campeador.

Parece que buscando una solución a la separación de los reinos de Aragón y Navarra, que habían sido gobernados conjuntamente desde la muerte de Sancho, "el de Peñalén", hasta la muerte de Alfonso, "el Batallador", propusieron que el rey-monje de Aragón fuese el "padre" y García Ramírez el "hijo". Los dos conservarían su respectivo reino, sin embargo, la primacía sobre el pueblo sería de Ramiro.

Al entrar en Zaragoza Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y rendirle vasallaje los zaragozanos, se acentúa la separación entre los dos reinos, que en su día fueron feudo de Sancho Garcés III.

Aliado con Alfonso I de Portugal, en 1137 se enfrentó a Alfonso VII de Castilla, a quien había prestado vasallaje. Firmaron la paz entre 1139 y 1140.

Los navarros ocuparon Tauste en el 1146, pero Alfonso VII actuó como árbitro entre los dos reinos.

En 1144, después de enviudar, se casó con una hija de Alfonso, Urraca, siendo a partir de esa fecha parientes del emperador leonés-castellano los reyes de Navarra y Aragón; Ramón Berenguer era cuñado y García Ramírez yerno. Ambos se reconocieron vasallos del emperador Alfonso VII.[cita requerida]

A partir de esa fecha vemos a García Ramírez auxiliando a Alfonso VII en sus campañas de reconquista, concretamente en la campaña de Almería, que fue conquistada por las tropas cristianas en 1147.

En 1149 firmó un tratado de paz con Ramón Berenguer, por el cual el catalán se casaría con su hija Blanca, a pesar de estar prometido con Petronila de Aragón, pero al morir García Ramírez no se llevó a cabo el compromiso.

Murió el 21 de noviembre de 1150 en Lorca, cerca de Estella.

   * Casado después de 1130 con Margarita de L'Aigle, tuvieron como descendencia a:

o Sancho VI, "El Sabio", rey de Navarra, casado con Sancha de Castilla.
o Blanca de Navarra, n. después de 1133, que se casó con Sancho III de Castilla "El Deseado".
o Margarita de Navarra, casada con Guillermo I, Rey de Sicilia.
* Casado en segundas nupcias el 24 de junio de 1144, en León, con Urraca, hija bastarda del rey Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y de Guntroda, teniendo como descendencia a:
o Sancha de Navarra, casada con Gastón V, Vizconde de Béarn, fallecido en 1170. Casada en segundas nupcias con el conde Pedro Manrique de Lara, II Señor de Molina y Mesa, XIII Vizconde de Narbona
o Rodrigo Garcés, Conde de Montescaglioso.
* Casado en terceras nupcias con Ganfreda López.

---

García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

Contents [hide]

1 Early years

2 Rise to power

3 García's heirs

4 Sources

5 Notes

[edit] Early years

García was born in the early twelfth century. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother Cristina was a daughter of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid.

[edit] Rise to power

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

[edit] García's heirs

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanche, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María la Real in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Santa María de la Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

[edit] Sources

Lourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct., 1975), pp 635–651.

Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII." Príncipe de Viana. 94–95 (1964).

Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194. London: Longmans, 1970.

[edit] Notes

1.^ Lourie, 642–643.

2.^ Ibid, 647.

3.^ Ibid, 649 n49.

4.^ Ibid, 650.

5.^ Grassotti, 60.

6.^ Lourie, 650.

7.^ Ibid, 651.

8.^ Norwich, 258.

Preceded by

Alfonso King of Navarre

1134 – 1150 Succeeded by

Sancho VI

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre"

Categories: 1150 deaths | House of Jiménez | Navarrese monarchs

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García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

Contents [hide]

1 Early years

2 Rise to power

3 García's heirs

4 Sources

5 Notes

[edit] Early years

García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

[edit] Rise to power

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

[edit] García's heirs

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

[edit] Sources

Lourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct., 1975), pp 635–651.

Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII." Príncipe de Viana. 94–95 (1964).

Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194. London: Longmans, 1970.

[edit] Notes

^ Lourie, 642–643.

^ Ibid, 647.

^ Ibid, 649 n49.

^ Ibid, 650.

^ Grassotti, 60.

^ Lourie, 650.

^ Ibid, 651.

^ Norwich, 258.

Preceded by

Alfonso King of Navarre

1134 – 1150 Succeeded by

Sancho VI

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_of_Navarre"

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REYES DE NAVARRA Y ARAGÓN

1) Significado: Procede del nombre vasco Nafarroa.

2) Casa solar: Reino de Navarra, España.

3) Armas: Las Armas primitivas (siglo XI) fueron: En campo de oro, un águila de sable. En epoca de Sancho VII de Navarra (siglo XIIII) fueron las que aparecen más abajo (De gueules, aux rais d'escarboucle d'or). El tercer escudo de esta página, corresponde a las Armas de la Baja Navarra (Bearn francés) (De gueules, aux rais d'escarboucle, réunies en orle d'or et allumées en coeur de sinople). Otra variante, más abajo: De gueules, aux chaînes d'or, en croix, en sautoir et en orle, allumées en coeur de sinople.

4) Antepasados:

—Dinastía Íñiga: entronca con la Dinastía Jimena.

I. Jimeno de Pamplona, a través de los Reyes de Castilla) nació hacia el año de 745. Murió hacia 805. Tuvo por hijo a

II. Íñigo Jiménez de Pamplona nació hacia el año de 765. Casó con Faquilene y tuvo por hijo a

III. Íñigo Íñiguez Arista de Pamplona nació en los condados pirenaicos hacia el año de 790. Fue el primer régulo de Navarra. Gobernar de 842 a 851. Murió el 8-VII-857. Casó con Onneca, y tuvieron por hijos a Ausona de Pamplona (c.805, casada con Muza Ibn Muza, hijo de Muza Ibn Fortún, y nieto de Ibn Quasi Fortunius, linaje descendiente, al parecer, de Mahoma "el Profeta": ver Omeyas) y García Íñiguez de Pamplona (c.810, que sigue).

IV. García Íñiguez de Pamplona nació antes del año de 810. García Íñiguez gobernó desde el 851 al 882. Según la tradicion murio en la batalla de Aibar en 882. De Urraca Fernández, su mujer, tuvo por hijos a Fortún Garcés (830, que sigue), Sancho (c.840, que tuvo por hijo a Aznar Sánchez, que casó con su prima hermana Onneca de Pamplona: ver más abajo) y Onneca (c.850, que casó con Aznar Galindo II de Aragón: ver Condes de Aragón). Ver nota 1.

V. Fortún Garcés "el Monje" de Pamplona nació en el año de 830. Gobernó de 882 a 905. Casó con su sobrina segunda Auria ben Muza (hija de su primo hermano Lupo ben Muza y de Ayab Al Bulatya). Tuvo por hijos a Onneca Fortúnez de Pamplona (c.855, que sigue), Belasco e Íñigo Fortúnez (c.860, que casó con Sancha Garcés, hija de García Jiménez de Pamplona: ver dinastía Jimena). Lope García de Salazar afirma en sus Bienandanzas e Fortunas que un descendiente de Íñigo Fortúnez fue Ordoño, conde de Gaviria, que nació hacia el año de 1120, y del cual procede el linaje vizcaino de Zamudio: ver Zamudio.

VI. Onneca Fortúnez de Pamplona nació hacia el año de 855. Casó en primeras nupcias con su tío, Aznar Sánchez de Pamplona (hijo de Sancho Garcés de Pamplona), y tuvieron por hija a Toda Aznárez de Pamplona (c.880, que casó con Sancho Garcés I de Navarra: ver abajo, dinastía Jimena). En segundas nupcias casó con Abd Allah I de Córdoba, nacido el 7-III-1843/44, hijo de Mohammed de Córdoba y nieto de Abd Al Rhaman II de Córdoba (ver Dinastía Omeya de Córdoba). De este segundo matrimonio tuvo por hijo a Zahabon Ibn Zayd de Córdoba, que fue cuarto abuelo de Ermesenda González de Amaya, mujer de Nuño González de Lara, y padres de Jimena Núñez de Lara, en la cual, según una de las hipótesis descutidas, Alfonso VI de Castilla tuvo por hijas a Teresa Alfonso (casada con Enrique de Borgoña: ver Casa de Borgoña) y Elvira Núñez (casada con Raimundo IV de Saint Gilles, conde de Toulouse: ver Condes de Toulouse). De todos estos personajes desciende don Juan Manuel de Castilla y, por tanto, nuestra familia (ver Reyes de Castilla).

—Dinastía Jimena : entronca con tres ramas de antepasados de nuestra familia.

I. Jimeno de Pamplona, a través de los Reyes de Castilla nació hacia el año de 815, en los condados pirenaicos. Murió hacia el 850. Tuvo por hijos a García Jiménez de Navarra (c.835, que sigue) y Jimena Garcés (c.842, que casó con Alfonso III "el Magno" de Asturias y tuvieron por hijo a Ordoño II, rey de León: ver Reyes de Asturias y León).

II. García Jiménez de Pamplona nació en el Pirineo Navarro hacia el año de 835. De Onneca Rebelle de Sangüesa, su primera mujer, tuvo por hija a Sancha Garcés de Pamplona (c.880, que en segundas nupcias casó con Galindo Aznar II de Aragón: ver Condes de Aragón) y, de Dadildis de Pallars (hija de Lupo de Bigorra y una hija de Raimundo I de Rouergue, conde de Toulouse, que estaba casado con Berta de Reims, una biznieta de Carlomagno: ver Condes de Toulouse y Carolingios) tuvo por hijo a Sancho Garcés I de Navarra (c.880, que sigue).

III. Sancho Garcés I, rey de Navarra nació hacia el año de 880. Fue el cuarto rey de Navarra (los tres primeros fueron de la dinastía Íñiga), y gobernó de 905 a 925. Murió el 6-III-925/26. Caso, hacia el año 900, con Toda Aznárez de Pamplona (hija de Aznar Sánchez de Pamplona y de Onneca Fortúnez de Pamplona: ver Condes de Aragón). Tuvieron por hijos a Lupa de Navarra (c.900, casada con un tío abuelo suyo, llamado Dat Donato II de Bigorra, hermano de su abuela Dadildis), Sancha Sánchez de Pamplona (c.903, que casó sucesivamente con Ordoño II de León, Álvaro Herrameliz de Álava y Fernán González de Castilla: ver Reyes de Castilla), Urraca Sánchez de Pamplona (c.905, que casó con Ramiro II de León: ver Reyes de León) y García Sánchez I de Navarra (c.919, que sigue).

IV. García Sánchez I, rey de Navarra nació el año de 919. Murió en 970. Fue el quinto rey de Navarra. Gobernó de 925 a 970. Contrajo matrimonio con Andregoto Galíndez de Aragón (c.910, hija de Galindo Aznar II de Aragón y Sancha Garcés de Pamplona: ver Condes de Aragón), con quien procreo a Sancho Garc´s II "Abarca" (940, que sigue). En segundas nupcias casó con Teresa de León (hija de Ramiro II de León y Adosinda Gutiérrez), y tuvieron por hija a Urraca Garcés de Navarra (c.960, que casó con Ramiro III de León, y tuvieron por hija a Velasquita de León: ver Reyes de León).

V. Sancho Garcés II "Abarca", rey de Navarra nació el año 940. Murió en 994. Fue el sexto rey de Navarra. Gobernó de 970 a 994. Casó en 962 con Urraca Fernandez (hija de Fernán González, Conde de Castilla, y Sancha Sánchez de Pamplona: ver Reyes de Castilla), y fueron padres de

VI. García Sánchez II "el Trémulo", rey de Navarra nació hacia el año de 964. Murió el 3-III-1000. Fue el septimo rey de Navarra, de 994 a 1000. Caso con Jimena Fernández (hija de Fernando Bermúdez de León, y tataranieta de Ordoño I de Asturias: ver Reyes de Asturias). Fueron padres de Sancho III de Navarra (992, que sigue) y Urraca Garcés (c.995, que casó con Alfonso V de León, y tuvieron por hija a Jimena, que fue la abuela materna de Jimena Díaz, la esposa del Cid: ver ascendencia y descendencia del Cid).

VII. Sancho Garcés III "el Mayor", rey de Navarra, a través de los Reyes de Castilla nació el año de 992. Murió el 28-I-1035/36. Fue el octavo rey de Navarra, de 1000 a 1035. Caso en 1010 con Elvira (o Munia) de Castilla, de quien por hijos: Fernando I (primer rey de Castilla: ver Reyes de Castilla), Garcia III (noveno Rey de Navarra: que sigue en las ramas 2 y 3) y Gonzalo, conde de Sobrarbe y de Ribagorza. Fuera de matrimonio tuvo por hijo, en Sancha de Aibar a Ramiro I (primer rey de Aragón, que sigue en la Rama 1).

—Rama 1: Primeros Reyes de Aragón. Entronca con la Casa de Ayala y a través de ella con las Casas de Gamboa, Marroquín, Murga, Ugarte y Zamudio.

VIII. Ramiro I, a través de los linajes de Murga y Ayala nació hacia el año de 1010. Fue el primer rey de Aragon, de 1035 a 1063. Entro en batalla contra sus hermanos, mas le fue adversa la fortuna. Tuvo mejor suerte en sus luchas contra los moros. Casó con Ermesinda de Conserans (hija del conde Bernard I Roger de Foix y Garsinda de Bigorra), de quien tuvo por hijo a Sancho Ramírez. Además, según cuenta la leyenda, tuvo por hijo, fuera del matrimonio, al conde don Vela (c.1030), fundador de la Casa de Ayala.

—Rama 2: entronca con los Reyes de Castilla.

VIII. García Sánchez III "el de Nájera", rey de Navarra nació después del año 1020 y murió el 12-XII-1054, en la batalla de Atapuerca. Casó con Estefanía de Foix (hija de Bernard I Roger de Foix y Garsinda de Bigorra), con la que tuvo por hijo a Sancho García de Navarra (c.1039, ver rama 3) y con otra mujer tuvo por hijo a Sancho Garcés de Navarra (c.1045, que sigue).

IX. Sancho Garcés de Navarra nació hacia 1045. Tuvo por hijo a

X. Ramiro Sánchez de Navarra, señor de Monzón nació hacia 1075. Casó con Cristina Rodríguez de Vivar (hija del Cid Campeador y doña Jimena: ver ascendencia y descendencia del Cid) y tuvieron por hijo a

XI. GARCÍA RAMÍREZ VI "EL RESTAURADOR", REY DE NAVARRA nació entre 1110 y 1115, Murió el 20-III-1150/51 en Lorca, España. Casó con MARGARITA DE L'AIGLE ROTROU (hija de Gilberto de L'Aigle, originario de L'Aigle, y de Juliana de Mortagne, originaria de Normandía: ver Dinastía normanda de Le Coz). Margarita murió el 21-IX-1141. Tuvieron por hija a Blanca de Navarra.

XII. Blanca de Navarra, a través de los Reyes de Castilla nació después de 1133. Murió el 9-XII-1156. Casó el 30-I-1150/51 con Sancho III "el Deseado", rey de Castilla, y tuvieron por hijo a Alfonso VIII de Castilla.

—Rama 3: entronca con la Casa de Haro.

VIII. García Sánchez III "el de Nájera", rey de Navarra nació después del año 1020 y murió el 12-XII-1054, en la batalla de Atapuerca. Casó con Estefanía de Foix (hija de Bernard I Roger de Foix y Garsinda de Bigorra), con la que tuvo por hijo a Sancho García de Navarra (c.1039, que sigue) y con otra mujer tuvo por hijo a Sancho Garcés de Navarra (c.1045, ver rama 2).

IX. Sancho García de Navarra nació hacia 1039. Murió el 18-IV-1083. Casó con Constanza de Marañón y tuvieron por hijo a

X. Sancho Sánchez de Navarra nació hacia el año de 1065. Murió hacia 1120. Casó con Urraca Ordoñez de León (hija de Orodoño Ordóñez de León, nieta de Ordoño Ramírez de León y bizieta de Ramiro III de León: ver Reyes de León). Tuvieron por hija a

XI. Munia Sánchez de Navarra, a través de los linajes de Murga, Salazar, Butrón y Haro nació hacia 1095. Casó con Diego López "el Blanco" de Haro, señor de Bizkaia. Tuvieron por hijos a Lope, Sancho, Fortún y Gil Díaz. De Sancho Díaz, señor de Tovia, procede el linaje de Butrón.

NOTAS:

• Primeros príncipes pamploneses: ver cuadro genealógico en Historia Universal, EUNSA, tomo IV, p. 245. Desde Íñigo Arista (m. 851) hasta Sancho Garcés I (905-925).
• Reyes de Pamplona: ver cuadro genealógico en Historia Universal, EUNSA, tomo IV, p. 359. Desde García Jiménez (c.870) hasta García Sánchez III (1035-1054).
• Ver cuadro genealógico de los descendientes de Sacho el Mayor, rey de Navarra de 1004 a 1035, en Historia Universal, EUNSA, tomo V, p. 375. Se pueden ver los enlaces matrimoniales de los reyes de Portugal, León, Castilla, Navara. Aragón y Cataluña, desde el siglo X hasta el siglo XIV.

[1] Los textos navarros del llamado "Códice de Roda", que parece que fue escrito en los últimos años del siglo X, dicen lo siguiente sobre García Iñiguez, hijo de Iñigo Arista: "Garcea Enneconis accepit uxor domna (espacio en blanco) filia de (espacio en blanco) et genuit Fortunio Garceanis et Sancio Garceanis et domna Onneca qui fuit uxor de Asnari Galindones de Aragone". Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada en su obra "De rebus hispaniae" dice que García Iñiguez casó con Urraca, de sangre real, y otros dicen que con Urraca y después con Leodigundia de León. Cerrando el Codice de Roda está el texto del epitalamio de la reina Leodigunda, hija de un rey Ordoño de León posiblemente Ordoño I: "pulcra Ordonii filia" que casó con un rey de Pamplona (puede que con García Iñiguez, pero no es seguro). Otros le atribuyen otros maridos Solo es seguro que casó con un rey de Pamplona y fue reina (aporte de María Emma Escobar Uribe).

• Resumen de algunas de las ideas —dice María Emma Escobar Uribe— y se copio literalmente unas frases de Claudio Sánchez Albornoz en "Origenes del reino de Pamplona y su vinculación con el valle del Ebro" sobre los Jimenos: "Constituye la historia de esta familia uno de los problemas todavía sin resolver del pasado del reino de Pamplona. Y temo que mientras nuevos documentos no vengan en nuestra ayuda, el problema seguirá constituyendo un enigma histórico absolutamente indescifrable". El resumen, más o menos es el siguiete: Claro que hay muchas teorías sobre el tema, y alguna puede que sea correcta. Pérez de Urbel pensaba que los Jimenos eran parientes del duque de Gascuña, destituído en 816, que habían venido a España, cerca de sus parientes, los Arista, y en una vicisitud en que estos (los Arista) no habían podido estar cerca del trono, se habían quedado con ese trono. Hay otros datos que sugieren otra interpretación: los Anales Laurissensses y los Anales Reales Carolingios dicen: "destruída Pamplona, subyugados los vascones españoles y también los navarros..." ¿se podría entender este texto como una referencia a dos grupos regionaels diferentes con diferentes caudillos?. Otro códice: el Fragmentum codici Fontenellensis dice: "En el mes de Junio del año 850 tuvo Carlos una reunión en su palacio de Verberia. Allí se presentaron los enviados de Iñigo y Jimeno, duques de los navarros ofreciéndole dones...." Frente a estos textos, los citados Anales hablan otras veces de pamploneses y navarros como el mismo pueablo con el mismo jefe, así que es difícil sacar conclusiones claras, ni negar ninguna de las dos opciones. Para algunos historiadores, Iñigos y Jimenos descendían de un tronco común. ¿Podría ser ese tronco el "Jimeno el Fuerte" con el que se cruzó Abd al Rahman en 781 cuando fue a tierras cispirenaicas? ¿Por eso dice el Códice de Roda : "Garcia Scemenonis et Eneco Scemenonis fratres fuerunt". De momento y según Sánchez Albornoz, no hay bases para sostener fundamentadamente ninguna de estas teorías. Este agregado es mío: Ahora, puestos a hacer hipótesis, que cada uno haga la que quiera, porque será difícil que aparezcan más papeles, aunque nunca se debe perder la esperanza! (Aporte de María Emma Escobar Uribe, 1-I-2005, en Red Iris).

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BIOGRAPHY: d. Nov. 21, 1150, Lorca, Navarre [Spain]

byname GARCÍA THE RESTORER, Spanish GARCÍA EL RESTAURADOR, king of Pamplona (Navarre) from 1134 to 1150, grandson of Sancho IV and son of El Cid's daughter Cristina and Ramiro Sánchez, lord of Monzón.

When Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre died in 1134 and the Aragonese proclaimed the succession for his brother Ramiro II, the Navarrese rebelled and restored their own ancient line in the person of García Ramirez. García IV broke the union of Aragon and Navarre by declaring himself a vassal of Alfonso VII of Castile, "emperor" of Spain, but a year later he broke with Castile and allied himself with the Portuguese against Castile and Aragon. After Ramiro's abdication (1137), there ensued a period of warfare and intrigue among the kingdoms of Spain, ending in 1149. In spite of these wars García IV collaborated with Alfonso VII against the Muslim Almohads and took part in the conquest of Almeria (1147). On his death, he was succeeded by his son Sancho VI.

Copyright © 1994-2001 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

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García Ramírez de Pamplona

García Ramírez llamado «el Restaurador» (fallecido en Lorca (Navarra), 21 de noviembre de 1150), fue rey de Pamplona de 1134 a 1150.

Elegido por los magnates y obispos navarros como rey al no acatar las disposiciones testamentarias de Alfonso I el Batallador.

Hijo del infante Ramiro Sánchez, señor de Monzón y de Logroño; y de Cristina Rodríguez Díaz, hija del Cid Campeador.

Parece que buscando una solución a la separación de los reinos de Aragón y Pamplona, que habían sido gobernados conjuntamente desde la muerte de Sancho el de Peñalén hasta la muerte del Batallador, propusieron que Ramiro II de Aragón fuese el "padre" y García Ramírez el "hijo". Los dos conservarían su respectivo reino, sin embargo, la primacía sobre el pueblo sería de Ramiro II el Monje.

Al entrar en Zaragoza Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y rendirle vasallaje los zaragozanos, se acentúa la separación entre los dos reinos, que en su día fueron feudo de Sancho el Mayor.

Aliado con Alfonso I de Portugal, en 1137 se enfrentó a Alfonso VII de Castilla, a quien había prestado vasallaje. Firmaron la paz entre 1139 y 1140.

Los navarros ocuparon Tauste en el 1146, pero Alfonso VII actuó como árbitro entre los dos reinos.

En 1144, después de enviudar, se casó con una hija de Alfonso, Urraca, siendo a partir de esa fecha parientes del emperador leonés-castellano los reyes de Navarra y Aragón; Ramón Berenguer era cuñado y García Ramírez yerno. Ambos se reconocieron vasallos del emperador Alfonso VII.[cita requerida]

A partir de esa fecha vemos a García Ramírez auxiliando a Alfonso VII en sus campañas de reconquista, concretamente en la campaña de Almería, que fue conquistada por las tropas cristianas en 1147.

En 1149 firmó un tratado de paz con Ramón Berenguer, por el cual el catalán se casaría con su hija Blanca, a pesar de estar prometido con Petronila de Aragón, pero al morir García Ramírez no se llevó a cabo el compromiso.

Murió el 21 de noviembre de 1150 en Lorca, cerca de Estella.

Casado después de 1130 con Margarita de L'Aigle, tuvieron como descendencia a:

Sancho VI, "El Sabio", rey de Navarra, casado con Sancha de Castilla.

Blanca de Navarra, n. después de 1133, que se casó con Sancho III de Castilla "El Deseado".

Margarita de Navarra, casada con Guillermo I, Rey de Sicilia.

Casado en segundas nupcias el 24 de junio de 1144, en León, con Urraca, hija bastarda del rey Alfonso VII de León y Castilla y de Guntroda, teniendo como descendencia a:

Sancha de Navarra, casada con Gastón V, Vizconde de Béarn, fallecido en 1170. Casada en segundas nupcias con el conde Pedro Manrique de Lara, II Señor de Molina y Mesa, XIII Vizconde de Narbona

Rodrigo Garcés, Conde de Montescaglioso.

Casado en terceras nupcias con Ganfreda López.

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García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (in Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions. Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro. Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession. García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question. On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief. Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own. On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_VI_of_Navarre for more information.

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García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.

Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

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García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon.

Early yearsGarcía was born in the early twelfth century. His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. His mother Cristina was a daughter of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid.

[edit] Rise to powerWhen Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession.[1]

Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions.[2] Among García's other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro.[3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.

In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession.[4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question.[5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son.[6]

Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief.[7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.

[edit] García's heirsSometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings. The elder, Blanche, born after 1133, was to marry Raymond Berengar IV, as confirmed by a peace treaty in 1149, in spite of the count's existing betrothal to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out. Instead she married Sancho III of Castile. The younger, Margaret, married William I of Sicily. García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own.[8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord.

In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms.

García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María la Real in Pamplona. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.

García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Santa María de la Oliva in Carcastillo. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture.

[edit] SourcesLourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct., 1975), pp 635–651. Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII." Príncipe de Viana. 94–95 (1964). Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130–1194. London: Longmans, 1970.

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My new book, LA SORPRENDENTE GENEALOGÍA DE MIS TATARABUELOS is now available at: amazon.com barnesandnoble.com palibrio.com. You will find there many of your ancestors and a biography summary of each of them. We have several branches in common. Check it up, it’s worth it. Ramón Rionda