Francis Daniel Pastorius

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Francis Daniel Pastorius (September 26, 1651 – c. January 1, 1720) was the founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania, now part of Philadelphia, the first permanent German settlement and the gateway for subsequent emigrants from Germany. He was "the first poet of consequence in Pennsylvania . . . [and] one of the most important poets of early America" (Meserole, p. 294). His extensive commonplace compilations provide insight into early Enlightenment culture in colonial Pennsylvania.

Pastorius sailed from Deal on the 10th of June, 1683, and arrived in Philadelphia August 20th, 1683, six weeks earlier than the main body of the first German colonists, the Crefelders and others, who arrived on the 6th of October, 1683. He had with him nine persons: four males, two maids, two children and a lad. They were Jacob Schumacher, Georg Wertmiiller, Isaac Dilbeck Isaac Dilbeck... with his wife (Marieke) and two boys (Abraham and Jacob), Thomas Gasper, Conrad Backer (nlia^ Rutter) and Frances Simson, an English maid. (Cf. Beehive, p. 223, and this work, p. m.
One of the maids was a Hollander whom he had employed in Deal after his arrival from London.

Born in Sommerhausen, Franconia, to a prosperous Lutheran family, he was trained as a lawyer in some of the best German universities of his day, including the University of Altdorf, the University of Strasbourg and the University of Jena. He started his practice in Windsheim and Frankfurt-am-Main. He was a close friend of the German Pietist leader Philipp Jakob Spener during the early development of Spener's movement in Frankfurt. From 1680 to 1682, he worked as a tutor accompanying a young nobleman during his Wanderjahr through Germany, England, France, Switzerland and Holland.

In 1683, a group of Mennonites, Pietists, and Quakers – like Abraham Isacks op den Graeff – in Frankfurt approached Pastorius about acting as their agent to purchase land in Pennsylvania for a settlement. Pastorius took passage to Philadelphia.

In Philadelphia, he negotiated the purchase of 15,000 acres (61 km²) from William Penn, the proprietor of the colony, and laid out the settlement of Germantown, where he himself would live until his death.

As one of Germantown's leading citizens, Pastorius served in many public offices and wrote extensively on topics ranging from beekeeping to religion. He was also a skilled poet whose work appears in the New Oxford Book of Seventeenth-Century Verse (ISBN 0-19-214164-3). Pastorius' most important book was his manuscript “Bee Hive,” which is now in the University of Pennsylvania's rare book room. It is his commonplace book, which contains poetry, his thoughts on religion and politics, and lists of books he consulted along with excerpts from those books. Also of interest is his Geographical Description of Pennsylvania, first published under the title, Umständige geographische Beschreibung der allerletzt erfundenen Provintz Pennsylvania (1700).[1] He also left a published book of letters home to Germany and treatises on horticulture, law, and medicine.

Though raised as a Pietist Lutheran, he grew close to Quakerism. In 1688, he and three Germantown Quakers joined in signing the The 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery, the first petition against slavery made in the English colonies.

Also in 1688, Pastorius married Ennecke Klostermanns. They had two sons. Pastorius died sometime between December 26, 1719, and January 13, 1720.

Before the American Civil War, when abolition of slavery was gaining strength, Pastorius was ripe for celebration. The Quaker poet John Greenleaf Whittier celebrated Pastorius' life – and particularly his anti-slavery advocacy – in Wikisource-logo.svg The Pennsylvania Pilgrim. Whittier also translated the Latin ode to posterity which Pastorius prefixed to his Germantown book of records.[1]

Despite the Quaker sympathies of Pastorius, his name was appropriated in 1942 by the Abwehr of Nazi Germany for "Operation Pastorius," a failed sabotage attack on the United States in World War II that included a target in Philadelphia.

For generations Pastorius has won the affections of historians. In the early twentieth century, German-American scholars embraced him and the University of Pennsylvania professor Marion Dexter Learned wrote a lengthy biography; Learned had access to papers that have subsequently been lost. Most recently Princeton University professor Anthony Grafton has written about Pastorius as a representative of European intellectual culture.[2] Grafton's presidential address to the American Historical Association in 2012 was on Pastorius.[3]

References:

• [1] a b Wikisource-logo.svg "Pastorius, Francis Daniel". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
• [2] Anthony Grafton, Jumping Through the Computer Screen, New York Review of Books.
• [3] Anthony Grafton The Republic of Letters in the American Colonies: Francis Daniel Pastorius Makes a Notebook, American Historical Review, February 2012.
• Henry Warner Bowden. Dictionary of American Religious Biography. Westport, CT:Greenwood Press, 1977. ISBN 0-8371-8906-3.
• Gerhard Dünnhaupt, "F. D. Pastorius" (Biography and Bibliography), in: Personalbibliographien zu den Drucken des Barock", vol. 4, Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1991, pp. 3075-3079. ISBN 3-7772-9122-6
• George Harvey Genzmer, "Pastorius, Francis Daniel," in Dumas Malone (ed.), Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. 7, Part 2, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934 (1962 reprint), pp. 290–291.
• Harrison T. Meserole, ed., "Seventeenth-Century American Poetry," Anchor Seventeenth-Century Series. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1968, pp. 293–304.
• John Weaver, "Franz Daniel Pastorius (1651-c. 1720): Early Life in Germany with Glimpses of his Removal to Pennsylvania," 1985 Ph.D. diss., University of California, Davis (UMI); 498 pp.
• https://www.ushistory.org/germantown/people/pastorius.htm

Writings by Pastorius:

• Deliciæ Hortenses, or Garden-Recreations, and Voluptates Apianæ, ed. Christoph E. Schweitzer (Columbia, South Carolina: Camden House, 1982).
• Concise Dictionary of National Biography, Part 1, London: Oxford University Press, 1965 reprint, p. 1010.

Source:== Wikipedia

On this page you can find also some external links.

Deutsch:

Franz Daniel Pastorius

Franz Daniel Pastorius (* 26. September 1651 in Sommerhausen; † 27. September 1719 in Germantown) war ein deutscher Jurist und Begründer der ersten deutschen Ansiedlung in Nordamerika. Er war der einzige deutsche Schriftsteller des Barock in Amerika.

Franz Daniel Pastorius wurde als Sohn des Melchior Adam Pastorius (1624–1702), Jurist sowie Bürgermeister von Windsheim, und dessen Gattin Magdalena (1607–1657) geboren. Der Vater konvertierte 1649 vom Luthertum zur katholischen Kirche. Franz Daniel Pastorius studierte zwischen 1668 und 1676 Rechtswissenschaften an den Universitäten in Altdorf bei Nürnberg, Straßburg und Jena, um anschließend zu promovieren. Die juristische Alltagsarbeit in Windsheim behagte ihm von Anfang an nicht, und auf eine Empfehlung des Superintendenten Johann Heinrich Horb wechselte er 1679 nach Frankfurt am Main. Dort fand er Zugang zu dem radikal-pietistischen Zirkel um Johann Jakob Schütz. Durch die Vermittlung von Philipp Jacob Spener trat er eine Stelle als Hofmeister bei einem jungen Adligen an, mit dem er von 1680 bis 1682 durch Frankreich, England, die Niederlande und die Schweiz reiste.

1682 gründete der Kreis um Schütz die Frankfurter-Land-Kompagnie, in deren Auftrag Pastorius als erster deutscher Einwanderer im August 1683 mit dem Schiff America nach Philadelphia reiste, um in Pennsylvania für die Gesellschaft Land anzukaufen. Als am 6. Oktober 1683 statt der erhofften Freunde aus Frankfurt 13 Familien aus Krefeld auf der Galeone Concord, der „deutschen Mayflower“, im Hafen von Philadelphia eintrafen, die sich aus Reformierten, Quäkern und Mennoniten zusammensetzten, organisierte Pastorius für diese Gruppe dennoch den Landerwerb (61 km²). Noch im Jahr der Ankunft 1683 wurde die Siedlung Germantown gegründet, die erste deutsche Ansiedlung in Nordamerika. Pastorius wirkte dort als Gemeindeoberhaupt, entwarf das offizielle Wappen, vermittelte Kenntnisse über den Wein- und Gartenbau und unterrichtete als Lehrer. Im Auftrag deutscher Siedler schrieb er zudem Briefe in deren Heimat.

Am 18. Februar 1688 initiierten Abraham Isacks op den Graeff, Herman Isacks op den Graeff, Gerrit Henderich und Pastorius den ersten Protest gegen die Sklaverei in Amerika. Pastorius verfügte über gute Kontakte zu William Penn, dem Gouverneur von Pennsylvania. 1687 wurde er in die Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly gewählt, der er bis 1691 angehörte. Penn trug ihm ferner die Leitung der höheren Quäkerschule zu Philadelphia (1698–1700) an.

Von seinen Neigungen her war Pastorius kein Politiker, sondern mehr barocker Privatgelehrter und Poet. So war er Verfasser mehrerer Publikationen in deutscher und englischer Sprache, u. a. einer vielbeachteten Beschreibung von Pennsylvania aus dem Jahr 1700 und eines Elementarbuchs für das Englische, welches das erste Schulbuch in Pennsylvania wurde.

Franz Daniel Pastorius heiratete am 6. November 1688 Änneke Klostermann (* um 1663 in Mülheim an der Ruhr). Ihre Kinder waren:

Johann Samuel (* 30. Januar 1690 in Germantown; † 1722)
Heinrich (* 1. Februar 1692 in Germantown)

• Ein Gemälde im Kapitol in Washington, D.C. zeigt Franz Daniel Pastorius kniend vor Indianern.
• John Greenleaf Whittier, ein US-amerikanischer Quäkerdichter, verewigte Pastorius in seinem Gedicht „The Pennsylvania Pilgrim“ (1872)
• "Operation Pastorius" war der Deckname einer Organisation, die 1942 deutsche Saboteure in die USA einschleuste.
• Michael Klemm verfasste das Theaterstück „America“, ein Stück über Franz Daniel Pastorius, den ersten deutschen Aussiedler nach Amerika und Gründer der Stadt German Town in Pennsylvania (Sommerhausen 2002)

Werke:

• Umständige geographische Beschreibung der zu allerletzt erfundenen Provintz Pensylvaniae, in denen End-gräntzen Americae in der West-Welt gelegen[1], Nürnberg 1700
• A New Primmer or Methodical Directions to attain the True Spelling, Reading and Writing of English, New York 1698
• Four Boasting Disputers of this World Briefly Rebuked, New York 1698
• Eigentliche Beschreibung der an der Spitz der Ost-See neuerbaueten russischen Residentz-Stadt Sankt Petersburg. Frankfurt/M. u. Leipzig, 1718
• Seventeenth Century American Poetry, hrsg. v. H.T. Meserole, New York 1968
• Deliciae Hortenses (Gedichte), hrsg. v. Christoph Schweitzer, Columbia SC 1982

Literatur:

• Gerhard Dünnhaupt: Franz Daniel Pastorius (1651–1719). In: Personalbibliographien zu den Drucken des Barock. Bd. 4, Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991. S. 3075–3079 ISBN 3-7772-9122-6
• Franz Brümmer: Pastorius, Franz Daniel. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, S. 219.
• Peter Nitschke: PASTORIUS, Franz Daniel. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 6. Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-044-1, Sp. 1594–1597.
• Marion Dexter Learned: The Life of Franz Daniel Pastorius. Philadelphia 1908.
• Martin Lohmann: Die Bedeutung der deutschen Ansiedlungen in Pennsylvanien. Stuttgart 1923.
• Friedrich Nieper: Die erste deutsche Auswanderung nach Pennsylvania im Jahre 1683 und die Gründung von Germantown. Diss. Bonn 1937; Druck u.d.T. Die ersten Auswanderer von Krefeld. Neukirchen 1940.

Referenzen:

[1] Scann der Georg August Universität Göttingen

• Strukturtyp:Sammelwerk
• Titel:Umständige geographische Beschreibung der zu allerletzt erfundenen Provintz Pensylvaniae, in denen End-gräntzen Americae in der West-Welt gelegen ...
• Autor:Francis Daniel Pastorius
• Erscheinungsjahr:1700
• Gescannte Seiten:152
• PURL:http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN327571667
• PPN (digital):PPN327571667
• PPN (original):PPN140927816

Quelle:== Wikipedia

Vita Franz Daniel Pastorius in deutsch

Life of Franz Daniel Pastorius in English
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https://www.thornbury.org/historical-commission

From the Winter 2016 Newsletter:

Home Sweet Cave?

“They were only holes digged in the ground”

Mid to late 1600’s… A passenger boarding a ship in England would have no idea the time length their voyage would be to America. History indicates voyages varied from 47 to 138 days. Eight miles an hour was top speed when there was a promising wind. The Mayflower, moving an average of about five miles an hour, took 66 days to cross. Of primary importance to Pennsylvania’s first settlers was shelter. The most primitive of all shelters, the cave, became home to those who could not find family to stay with while a cabin was being built. The families of Joseph Gilpin and William Brinton, original Settlers of our area, separately took shelter in caves in the sides of hills near Dilworthtown. The location of the Brinton cavestead is said to have been paved over by 202 and is in the area across from the Super Wawa at Dilworthtown.The most common usage of cave dwellings was in Philadelphia, near the Delaware River.

In 1683, Francis Daniel Pastorius, a first Settler of Philadelphia and founder of Germantown, described his early shelter: “The caves were only holes digged (sic) in the ground, covered with earth, a matter of five or six feet deep, 10 or 12 wide and about 20 long; whereof neither the sides nor the floors have been plank’d. Herein we lived more contently than many nowadays in their planted and wainscoted places. I myself purchased one for 5 pounds—in the midst of Front Street at Philadelphia.”