Ferdinand II the Catholic, King of Aragon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon

Fernando II de Aragón, el Católico (Sos del Rey Católico, 10 de mayo de 1452—Madrigalejo, 23 de enero de 1516), rey de Aragón y de Castilla (como Fernando V).

ID: I15846

Name: Ferdinand Aragon

Prefix: King

Suffix: II

Title: II

Sex: M

Birth: 10 MAR 1452

Death: 23 JUN 1516 in Madrigalejo,Extremadura,Spain

Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Ferdinand II the Catholic (Spanish: Fernando de Aragón "el Católico", Catalan: Ferran d'Aragó "el Catòlic", Aragonese: Ferrando II d'Aragón "lo Catolico") (March 10, 1452 – January 23, 1516) was king of Aragon (1479-1516), Castile, Sicily (1468-1516), Naples (1504-1516), Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona.

Ferdinand was the son of John II of Aragon by his second wife, the Aragonese noblewoman Juana Enriquez. He married Infanta Isabella, the half-sister and heiress of Henry IV of Castile, on October 19, 1469 in Ocaña and became Ferdinand V of Castile when Isabella succeeded her brother as Queen of Castile in 1474. The two young monarchs were initially obliged to fight a civil war against Juana, princess of Castile (also known as Juana la Beltraneja), the purported daughter of Henry IV, but were ultimately successful. When Ferdinand succeeded his father as King of Aragon in 1479, the Crown of Castile and the various territories of the Crown of Aragon were united in a personal union creating for the first time since the 8th century a single political unit which might be called Spain, although the various territories were not properly administered as a single unit until the 18th century. The first decades of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule were taken up with the conquest of the Kingdom of Granada, the last Muslim enclave in the Iberian peninsula, which was completed by 1492. In that same year, the Jews were expelled from both Castile and Aragon, and Christopher Columbus was sent by the couple on his expedition which would ultimately discover the New World. By the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, the extra-European world was split between the crowns of Portugal and Castile by a north-south line through the Atlantic Ocean.

The latter part of Ferdinand's life was largely taken up with disputes over control of Italy with successive Kings of France, the so-called Italian Wars. In 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and expelled Ferdinand's cousin, Alfonso II, from the throne of Naples. Ferdinand allied with various Italian princes and with Emperor Maximilian I, to expel the French by 1496 and install Alfonso's son, Ferdinand, on the Neapolitan throne. In 1501, following the death of Ferdinand II of Naples and his succession by his uncle Frederick, Ferdinand of Aragon signed an agreement with Charles VIII's successor, Louis XII, who had just successfully asserted his claims to the Duchy of Milan, to partition Naples between them, with Campania and the Abruzzi, including Naples itself, going to the French and Ferdinand taking Apulia and Calabria. The agreement soon fell apart, and over the next several years, Ferdinand's great general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba conquered Naples from the French, having succeeded by 1504. Another less famous "conquest" took place in 1503, when Andreas Paleologus, de jure Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, left Ferdinand and Isabella as heirs to the empire, thus Ferdinand became de jure Roman Emperor.

After Isabella's death, her kingdom went to their daughter Joanna. Ferdinand served as the latter's regent during her absence in the Netherlands, ruled by her husband Archduke Philip. Ferdinand attempted to retain the regency permanently, but was rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband, who became Philip I of Castile. After Philip's death in 1506, with Joanna mentally unstable, and her and Philip's son Charles of Ghent was only six years old, Ferdinand resumed the regency, ruling through Francisco Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros, the Chancellor of the Kingdom.

In 1508, war resumed in Italy, this time against Venice, which all the other powers on the peninsula, including Louis XII, Ferdinand, Maximilian, and Pope Julius II joined together against as the League of Cambrai. Although the French were victorious against Venice at the Battle of Agnadello, the League soon fell apart, as both the Pope and Ferdinand became suspicious of French intentions. Instead, the Holy League was formed, in which now all the powers joined together against France.

In November 1511 Ferdinand and his son-in-law Henry VIII of England signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging mutual aid between the two against France. Earlier that year, Ferdinand had conquered the southern half of the Kingdom of Navarre, which was ruled by a French nobleman, and annexed it to Spain. At this point Ferdinand remarried with the much younger Germaine of Foix, a grand-daughter of Queen Leonor of Navarre, to reinforce his claim to the kingdom. The Holy League was generally successful in Italy, as well, driving the French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace treaty in 1513. The French were successful in reconquering Milan two years later, however.

Ferdinand died in 1516 in Madrigalejo, Cáceres, Extremadura. He had made Spain the most powerful country in Europe. The succession of his grandson Charles, who would inherit not only the Spanish lands of his maternal grandparents, but the Habsburg and Burgundian lands of his paternal family, would make his heirs the most powerful rulers on the continent. Charles succeeded him in the Aragonese lands, and was also granted the Castilian crown jointly with his insane mother, bringing about at long last the unification of the Spanish thrones under one head.

Ferdinand was the son of John II of Aragon (whose family was a cadet branch of the House of Trastámara) by his 2nd wife, the Castilian noblewoman Juana Enriquez. He married Infanta Isabella, the half-sister and heiress of Henry IV of Castile, on 19 October 1469 in Valladolid and became jure uxoris King of Castile when Isabella succeeded her brother as Queen of Castile in 1474. Isabel also belonged to the royal House of Trastámara. Married under the joint motto, tanto monta, monta tanto, the two young monarchs were initially obliged to fight a civil war against Joan, princess of Castile (also known as Juana la Beltraneja), the purported daughter of Henry IV, and were swiftly successful. When Ferdinand succeeded his father as King of Aragon in 1479, the Crown of Castile and the various territories of the Crown of Aragon were united in a personal union creating for the first time since the 8th century a single political unit began to be called España (Spain), the root of which is the ancient name Hispania, although the various states were not formerly administered as a single unit until the 18th century, but rather, as separate political units under the same Crown.

The first decades of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule were taken up with the conquest of the Kingdom of Granada, the last Muslim enclave in the Iberian peninsula, which was completed by 1492. In that same year, the Alhambra Decree was issued, expelling the Jews from both Castile and Aragon, and Christopher Columbus was sent by the couple on his infamously accidental expedition to the new world. By the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, the extra-European world was split between the crowns of Portugal and Castile by a north-south line through the Atlantic Ocean.

The latter part of Ferdinand's life was largely taken up with disputes over control of Italy with successive Kings of France, the so-called Italian Wars. In 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and expelled Alfonso II (who was Ferdinand's first cousin once removed and stepson of Ferdinand's sister) from the throne of Naples. Ferdinand allied with various Italian princes and with Emperor Maximilian I, to expel the French by 1496 and install Alfonso's son, Ferdinand, on the Neapolitan throne. In 1501, following the death of Ferdinand II of Naples and his succession by his uncle Frederick, Ferdinand of Aragon signed an agreement with Charles VIII's successor, Louis XII, who had just successfully asserted his claims to the Duchy of Milan, to partition Naples between them, with Campania and the Abruzzi, including Naples itself, going to the French and Ferdinand taking Apulia and Calabria. The agreement soon fell apart, and over the next several years, Ferdinand's great general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba conquered Naples from the French, having succeeded by 1504. Another less famous "conquest" took place in 1503, when Andreas Paleologus, de jure Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, left Ferdinand and Isabella as heirs to the empire, thus Ferdinand became de jure Roman Emperor.

After Isabella's death, her kingdom went to their daughter Joanna. Ferdinand served as the latter's regent during her absence in the Netherlands, ruled by her husband Archduke Philip. Ferdinand attempted to retain the regency permanently, but was rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband, who became Philip I of Castile. After Philip's death in 1506, with Joanna supposedly mentally unstable, and her and Philip's son Charles of Ghent was only six years old, Ferdinand resumed the regency, ruling through Francisco Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros, the Chancellor of the Kingdom.

Ferdinand disagreed with Philip's policies. In 1505, Ferdinand remarried with Germaine of Foix, a granddaughter of his half-sister Queen Leonor of Navarre, in hopes of fathering a new heir and so separating Aragon and Castile (denying Philip the governance of Aragon), and to potentially lay claim to Navarre.

Ferdinand also had children from his mistress, Aldonza Ruiz de Iborre y Alemany of Cervera. He had a son, Alfonso de Aragon (born in 1469), who later became Archbishop of Saragossa, and a daughter Joanna (born in 1471), who married Bernardino de Valsco, the 1st Duke of Frias.

In the 1500s, Alfonso de Aragon, who later became Archbishop of Saragossa found a hidden study under the palace of Ferdinand, containing over 400 documents written by Ferdinand himself. In these documents, Ferdinand explained his general outlook on political power, and his true goals behind all his decisions during life as the King of Spain. Also through these documents, which surprised many people, writings stated that Ferdinand, during times of very complicated decision making, blindfolded himself to concentrate on the true matter of the situation, as to not let various things cloud his judgment.

In 1508, war resumed in Italy, this time against Venice, which all the other powers on the peninsula, including Louis XII, Ferdinand, Maximilian, and Pope Julius II joined together against as the League of Cambrai. Although the French were victorious against Venice at the Battle of Agnadello, the League soon fell apart, as both the Pope and Ferdinand became suspicious of French intentions. Instead, the Holy League was formed, in which now all the powers joined together against France.

In November 1511 Ferdinand and his son-in-law Henry VIII of England signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging mutual aid between the two against France. Earlier that year, Ferdinand had conquered the southern half of the Kingdom of Navarre, which was ruled by a French nobleman, and annexed it to Spain. The Holy League was generally successful in Italy, as well, driving the French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace treaty in 1513. The French were successful in reconquering Milan two years later, however.

Ferdinand died in 1516 in Madrigalejo, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.

Ferdinand and Isabella established a highly effective coregency under equal terms. They utilized a prenuptial agreement to lay down their terms. During their reign they supported each other effectively in accordance to their joint motto of equality: Tanto monta or monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando ("They amount to the same, Isabella and Ferdinand"). Isabella and Ferdinand's achievements were remarkable: Spain was united, the crown power was centralized, the reconquista was successfully concluded, the groundwork for the most dominant military machine of the next century and a half was laid, a legal framework was created, the church reformed. Even without the benefit of the American expansion, Spain would have been a major European power. Columbus' discovery set the country on the course for the first modern world power.

They are, however, also remembered for having created the Spanish Inquisition.

In 1502, the members of the Aragonese Cortes gathered in Saragossa, swore an oath of loyalty to their daughter Joanna as heiress, but the Archbishop of Saragossa stated firmly that this oath was invalid and did not change the law of succession which could only be done by formal legislation by the Cortes with the King. So, when King Ferdinand died on 23 January 1516, his daughter Joanna inherited the Crown of Aragon, and his grandson Charles became Governor General (Regent). Nevertheless, the Flemings wished that Carlos assume the royal title, and this was supported by his paternal grandfather the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and by Pope Leo X. Consequently, after Ferdinand II's funeral on 14 March 1516, Carlos I was proclaimed King of Castile and of Aragon jointly with his mother. Finally, the Castilian Regent, Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros accepted the fait accompli, and the Castilian and Aragonese Cortes paid homage to him as King of Aragon jointly with his mother.

Príncipe de Aragón y rey de Sicilia, Fernando de Aragón nació en Sos del Rey Católico en el año 1452 y falleció a los 64 años en Madrigalejos. Hijo de Juan II de Aragón y futuro esposo de Isabel de Castilla, llegó a ser rey de Aragón, de Sicilia, de Nápoles y de Castilla. Con una presencia galante, de pelo muy negro, destacaba su expresión risueña.

Entre Fernando e Isabel se daban muchas similitudes, el padre y hermanastro de ambos eran rivales y además los dos eran hijos de una segunda esposa de un rey. Desde su niñez aprendió de guerras y política. De hecho, muy pronto llegó a ser un experto en la lucha en batallas y comandando tropas.

El monarca era tacaño en casa y en el gobierno, y respecto a su faceta de jugador, sus contemporáneos opinaban que dedicaba al juego más tiempo del que debía. Pero hay un defecto que parecía más grave que los demás: la lujuria.

Una de sus mayores cualidades era su amor a la familia, y las relaciones con su padre y con las mujeres fueron excelentes. También era un buen político y un negociador nato, además de ser un comunicador muy convincente, inflexible en sus decisiones y cruel si lo consideraba necesario. Fernando se adaptó muy bien a las costumbres de la corte castellana, aunque iba y venía de Aragón para apoyar a Juan II de Aragón en todas sus empresas.

http://www.rtve.es/television/20110922/fernando-aragon-interpretado...

Yn Dey nomine. Amen. Manifiesta cosa sea a los que la presente verán en como en la muy noble villa de Valladolid jueves dies e ocho días del mes de octubre año del nasçimiento de nuestro Salvador Ihesuchristo de mil e quatrocientos e sesenta e nuevos años, e seyendo presentes los muy ilustres e exçellentes señores el muy exçellente e esclaresçido señor el señor don Fernando, rey de Siçilia, príncipe heredero de los reynos de Aragón, e la muy exçellente e esclarecida señora la señora doña Ysabel, fija del muy alto e poderoso señor rrey don Juan de gloriosa memoria, prinçesa heredera d’estos reynos de Castilla e de León... ellos estaban unanimiter conformes de contraher matrimonio en uno, segund que manda la Santa Madre Iglesia”.

Su padre negoció en secreto el matrimonio de Fernando con Isabel, recién proclamada Princesa de Asturias y, por tanto, heredera al trono de Castilla y León. Las conversaciones fueron secretas debido a que Fernando estaba prometido con la hija de don Juan Pacheco, favorito del rey castellano Enrique IV.[cita requerida] Isabel quería este matrimonio, pero había un problema canónico: los contrayentes eran primos (sus abuelos eran hermanos). Necesitaban, por tanto, una bula papal que autorizara los esponsales. El Papa, sin embargo, no llegó a firmar este documento, temeroso de las posibles consecuencias negativas que ese acto podría traerle (al atraerse las antipatías de los reinos de Castilla, Portugal y Francia, interesados todos ellos en desposar a la princesa Isabel con otro pretendiente).

Sin embargo, el Papa era proclive a esta unión conyugal, por los beneficios que le podía traer el estar a bien con la princesa Isabel.[cita requerida] Por ese motivo, ordenó al cardenal Rodrigo de Borja dirigirse a España como legado papal para facilitar este enlace.

Fernando, Isabel y sus consejeros dudaban en contraer matrimonio sin contar con la autorización papal. Finalmente, con la connivencia del cardenal Borja, presentaron una bula falsa, supuestamente emitida en junio de 1464 por el anterior Papa, Pío II, a favor de Fernando, en el que se le permitía contraer matrimonio con cualquier princesa con la que le uniera un lazo de consanguinidad de hasta tercer grado.

Isabel aceptó y se firmaron las capitulaciones matrimoniales de Cervera, el 5 de marzo de 1469. Ante el temor de que Enrique IV abortara estos planes, en el mes de mayo de 1469 y con la excusa de visitar la tumba de su hermano Alfonso, que reposaba en Ávila, Isabel escapó de Ocaña, donde era custodiada estrechamente por don Juan Pacheco. Por su parte, Fernando atravesó Castilla en secreto, disfrazado de mozo de mula de unos comerciantes.

Isabel de Aragón, primogénita de los Reyes Católicos y reina de Portugal. Finalmente el 19 de octubre de 1469, Isabel contrajo matrimonio en el Palacio de los Vivero de Valladolid con Fernando, rey de Sicilia y Príncipe de Gerona. Esto le valió el enfrentamiento con su hermanastro, que llegó a paralizar la bula papal de dispensa por parentesco entre Isabel y Fernando. Finalmente, el 1 de diciembre de 1471, Sixto IV emitió la bula que dispensaba al matrimonio de sus lazos de consanguinidad.

Casado el 19 de octubre de 1469, con Isabel tuvo 5 hijos

• Reference: Ancestry Genealogy - SmartCopy: Aug 22 2017, 18:33:08 UTC

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon

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Alfonso de Aragón y de Estrada (Ciudad Real, 1470 - Veracruz, 1530), noble español.

Hijo natural de Fernando el Católico y doña Luisa de Estrada, hija de don Fernan Duque de Estrada. Este apellido de "Duque de Estrada" es el de una familia de contadores reales asturianos procedentes de Llanes sin tratarse, como creen algunos de ningún Ducado de Estrada.

Sirvió a la corona en Flandes y en Sicilia.

En 1522, mientras estaba en servicio como corregidor de la ciudad de Cáceres, su sobrino Carlos I de España, hijo de la reina Juana I de Castilla, logró persuadirle para que viajara a la Nueva España y ayudara a la organización de trabajos y la estructuración financiera y contable en ella.

Por Decreto Real firmado el 15 de octubre de 1522 fue nombrado Tesorero Real en la Nueva España, para que junto a Gonzalo de Salazar como factor, Rodrigo de Albornoz como contador y Pedro Almíndez Chirino como veedor, ayudaran a Hernán Cortés en su gobierno.

Viajó hacia Nueva España sin su esposa e hijos arribando a Veracruz. El salario que le asignaron fue de 510.000 maravedíes por año, siendo este superior a los 310.000 que le habían asignado a Hernán Cortes, lo que muestra el trato preferencial que se le daba, aun después de haber fallecido su padre en 1516.

Las personas que le habían asignado a Hernán, le dieron muchos problemas. Esto fue aprovechado por Alfonso, que tras entrar en la política e intrigas de la Nueva España, consiguió en 1526 suplantar a Hernán como gobernador, manteniéndose en el cargo hasta 1528.

El Conquistador Gonzalo de Ocampo escribió de Gonzalo de Salazar lo siguiente:

¡Oh, fray Gordo de Salazar
factor de las diferencias!.

Con tus falsas reverencias

engañastes al provincial.

Un hombre de santa vida

me dijo que me guardase

de hombre que así hablase

retórica tan polida.
Los periodos de dominio de Estrada en ausencia de Hernán Cortés, que reprimía rebeliones hispanas con asistencia de indios, fueron los siguientes:

12 Octubre 1524 hasta 29 Diciembre 1524 Alonso de Estrada con Rodrigo de Albornoz y Alonso de Zuazo.
Del 29 Diciembre 1524 a 17 Febrero 1525 controlan Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino y Alonso de Zuazo.
Del 17 de Febrero 1525 al 20 de Abril 1525 controlan Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino, Alonso de Estrada, Rodrigo de Albornoz y Alonso de Zuazo.
Del 20 de Abril 1525 hasta 23 Mayo 1525 controlan Gonzalo de Salazar, Pedro Almíndez Chirino y Alonso de Zuazo.
Del 24 Mayo 125 a 28d e Enero 1526 controlan Gonzalo de Salazar y Pedro Almíndez Chirino.
De 29 Enero 1526 a 24 Junio 1526 controlan Alonso de Estrada y Rodrigo de Albornoz.
De 26 Junio 1526 a 3 de Julio 1526 controla Hernán Cortés.
De 4 de Julio de 1426 a 16 de Julio 1426 controla Luis Ponce de León.
De 16 de Julio de 1526 a 1 de Marzo de 1527 controla Marcos de Aguilar
De 2 de Marzo de 1527 al 22 de Agosto de 1527 controlan Alonso de Estrada, Gonzalo de Sandoval y Luis de la Torre
De 22 Agosto 1527 al 8 de Diciembre de 1528 controlan Alonso de Estrada y Luis de la Torre.
A principios de 1528, su esposa Marina Gutiérrez Flores de la Cavallería, de importante familia aragonesa de conversos del judaísmo Contadores Reales en Aragón, y cinco hijas, arribaron a la Nueva España tras seis años sin verse, completaban una travesía de tres meses desde España, siendo acompañadas en esta travesía por el fraile Julián Garcés, primer obispo de Tlaxcala.

Este apellido de la anterior familia Ahbenleví fue utilizado desde 1267, (siglo XIII), para subrayar su pertenencia como vasallos de la rama aragonesa de la Orden Militar de San Juan de Jerusalén. El Maestre del Capítulo del Reino Aragonés estaba conexionado con el título de "Castellán de Amposta" casi siempre en manos de los "Fernández de Híjar", una rama bastarda del rey del siglo XIII Jaime I de Aragón y de Montpellier.

Junto con los poderosos judíos aragoneses, con muchos menos conversos que los "Cavallería", los "Alazar" eran "judíos francos" de La Corona con numerosos privilegios fiscales y sociales.

Creemos que puede resultar muy fácil cambiar del poderoso jefe de familia Salomón Alazar a Salazar, apellido navarro bastante distinguido y también muy frecuente hoy incluso entre miembros de las etnias gitanas actuales peninsulares.

Pagaron por ejemplo 500,000 sueldos jaqueses a Fernando II de Aragón para Dineros de contribuciones especiales para la Conquista del Reino de Granada en 1487.

Descendencia
Los hijos de Alfonso y Marina Gutiérrez Flores de la Cavallería fueron:

Fray Juan de Estrada, de la Orden de Santo Domingo. Consultor del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición.
Luis Alfonso de Estrada – Señor de la Villa de Picón en España, Regidor perpetuo y Fiel ejecutor de Ciudad Real, Contino (cargo en las finanzas reales) de la Casa de Felipe II de España, tres veces alcalde de la Santa Hermandad por el Estado noble.
Doña Luisa de Estrada – Mujer del Capitán Jorge de Alvarado, conquistador de la Nueva España, hermano de Pedro de Alvarado, protegidos ambos del Secretario de Finanzas de Carlos I de España, recomendado especialmente a su hijo el Rey Felipe II por el propio Emperador, el ubetense Francisco de los Cobos.
Doña Marina de Estrada – Mujer de don Luis de Guzmán y Saavedra, Señor de Filantongo, hijo de los Condes de Castellar, Juan Arias de Saavedra y Maria de Guzman. Un Cano de Saavedra fue el quinto esposo de la Princesa Isabel Moctezuma Tecuichpo Ixcaxochitzin, princesa que no quiso reconocer a una hija habida con Hernán Cortés y referida, esta Isabel, como hija de Moctezuma II de México y se re-establecieron en Cáceres en el siglo XVI con algunos descendientes actualmente en Caceres y en Granada y con notables inversiones financieras en Extremadura a su regreso, que están siendo evaluadas ahora.
Doña Ana de Estrada – Mujer de Juan Alfonso de Sousa, Tesorero de la Nueva España.
Doña Francisca de Estrada (nacida Ciudad Real, España, circa 1514) – Mujer de Alonso Dávalos Saavedra. Señor de la provincia mejicana de Dávalos.
Doña Beatriz de Estrada, nacida en Ciudad Real, España, circa 1516) – Mujer del Conquistador Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, (Salamanca, circa 1510 - 1554), primer Gobernador y Capitán General del Reino de la Nueva Galicia y de las Provincias de Guadalajara y Compostela en la Nueva España.
En 1544, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, casado con estas descendientes de "Contadores Reales" conversos del judaísmo, el actual "Padre de Costa Rica", sería depuesto como gobernador de Nueva Galicia por el I Virrey de México (desde 1535 hasta quizá 1548), el granadino Antonio de Mendoza y de Pacheco, (Alcalá la Real, Jaén 1490 - Lima, Perú 1552), esposo, curiosamente, de otra descendiente de poderosos "Contadores Reales", Catalina de Vargas y Carvajal, usuaria como hembra del apellido materno Carvajal y luego del Vargas paterno, hija de Francisco de Vargas, Contador Mayor de los Reyes Católicos y del Rey Carlos I de España, de sus Consejos de Hacienda y Estado, alcaide de Trujillo y de Marbella, Tesorero general y Chanciller Mayor de Castilla, el del dicho «Averigüelo Vargas» porque de todo sabía y entendía del idioma castellano, (muerto en Marbella en 1524) de la que tuvo tres hijos:

Don Íñigo de Mendoza y Vargas "El Indio" o "El Largo", el primogénito,(Socuéllamos (Ciudad Real) 1523 - defensor del Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, enclave todavía rodeado de mar y tierra marroquí - Málaga, Julio 1563), Señor por compra de Estremera y Valdeacerete (Madrid).
Doña Francisca de Mendoza y Vargas, esposa de Alonso Fernández de Córdoba, corregidor de Toledo y su tierra, alcaide, gobernador y capitán general de las plazas de Orán y Mazarquivir y del Reino de Tremecén, en África, Virrey, lugarteniente y capitán general del Reino de Navarra (1564-1565), *(Tafalla 27.8.1512, + Estella 17.2.1565), 2º Conde de Alcaudete, ciudad de la provincia de Jaén.
Esta Mendoza y Vargas, probablemente nacida en Trujillo, provincia de Cáceres fue Dama de Compañía en Granada, antes de 1535, de la malograda Emperatriz y Reina Consorte portuguesa madre del Rey Felipe II de España.

y don Francisco de Mendoza y Vargas "El Indio", Obispo de Jaén entre 1538 y 1545, (muerto 1563).

פרדיננד השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה

לידה 9 ביולי 1578 האימפריה הרומית הקדושה גראץ, דוכסות שטיריה (אנ') פטירה 15 בפברואר 1637 (בגיל 58) האימפריה הרומית הקדושה וינה, ארכידוכסות אוסטריה מדינה האימפריה הרומית הקדושה מקום קבורה אוסטריה גראץ, אוסטריה השכלה אוניברסיטת אינגולשטאט עיסוק אריסטוקרט אלאונורה גונזאגה שושלת בית הבסבורג תואר קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה אב קרל השני, ארכידוכס אוסטריה אם מריה אנה מבוואריה צאצאים ראו בהמשך

קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה 28 באוגוסט 1619 – 15 בפברואר 1637 (17 שנים) → מתיאס, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושהפרדיננד השלישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה ← מלך הונגריה 1 ביולי 1618 – 15 בפברואר 1637 (18 שנים) → מתיאס, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושהפרדיננד השלישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה ← מלך בוהמיה 5 ביוני 1617 – 15 בפברואר 1637 (19 שנים) → מתיאס, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושהפרדיננד השלישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה ← פרסים והוקרה אביר במסדר גיזת הזהב לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית OOjs UI icon info big.svg פרדיננד השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה (9 ביולי 1578 - 15 בפברואר 1637) לבית הבסבורג, שלט בין השנים 1620–1637.

תוכן עניינים 1 ביוגרפיה 2 משפחתו 3 אילן יוחסין 4 קישורים חיצוניים

ביוגרפיה פרדיננד נולד ב-9 ביולי 1578 לקרל השני, ארכידוכס אוסטריה ומריה אנה מבוואריה, בתם של אלברכט החמישי, דוכס בוואריה ואנה, ארכידוכסית אוסטריה. פרדיננד התחנך על ידי הישועים, ולאחר מכן למד באוניברסיטת אינגולשטדט. בשנת 1595 קיבל פרדיננד את השליטה בנחלותיו, שבהן פעל בן דודו מקסימיליאן השלישי, ארכידוכס אוסטריה כעוצר, ומיד פתח בדיכוי הפרוטסטנטים בנחלותיו.

מכיוון שלבן דודו מתיאס, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה לא היו ילדים, הוכתר פרדיננד בשנת 1617 למלך בוהמיה. הכתרתו של פרדיננד, שבמקור היה הארכידוכס של שטיריה (Styria) כמלך בוהמיה, נמנתה עם הגורמים לפרוץ מלחמת שלושים השנה. במהלך רוב המלחמה כיהן גם כשליט האימפריה הרומית הקדושה. פרדיננד היה קתולי אדוק ולחם למען השבת מעמד הבכורה של הקתוליות ברחבי אירופה. הוא היה מאבירי הקונטרה-רפורמציה הקתולית במהלך מלחמת שלושים השנה והיה חסיד השלטון האבסולוטי.

בשנת 1630 הצטרף גוסטב השני אדולף, מלך שוודיה לאויביו, ובשנת 1632 ספג צבאו של פרדיננד תבוסה מידי השוודים בקרב ליצן. בשנת 1635 חתם פרדיננד על שלום פראג, אולם המלחמה לא הסתיימה בכך.

ב-15 בפברואר 1637 מת פרדיננד בווינה, ובנו פרדיננד השלישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה עלה לשלטון במקומו.

משפחתו ב-23 באפריל 1600 התחתן פרדיננד עם מריה אנה מבוואריה, בתו של וילהלם החמישי, דוכס בוואריה, ממנה נולדו לו 7 ילדים:

כריסטינה, ארכידוכסית אוסטריה (1601). קרל, ארכידוכס אוסטריה (1603). יוהאן קרל, ארכידוכס אוסטריה (1605–1619). פרדיננד השלישי, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה (1608–1657). מריה אנה, ארכידוכסית אוסטריה (1610–1665), התחתנה עם מקסימיליאן הראשון, הנסיך הבוחר מבוואריה. ססיליה רנאטה, ארכידוכסית אוסטריה (1611–1644), התחתנה עם ולדיסלאב הרביעי, מלך פולין. לאופולד וילהלם, ארכידוכס אוסטריה (1614–1662). בשנת 1622 נישא לאשתו השנייה, אלאונורה גונזאגה (1598-1665) בעיר אינסברוק. קישורים חיצוניים ויקישיתוף מדיה וקבצים בנושא פרדיננד השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה בוויקישיתוף פרדיננד השני, קיסר האימפריה הרומית הקדושה

באתר Find a Grave (באנגלית) https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A0%...

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon

Fernando II de Aragón, el Católico (Sos del Rey Católico, 10 de mayo de 1452—Madrigalejo, 23 de enero de 1516), rey de Aragón y de Castilla (como Fernando V).

ID: I15846

Name: Ferdinand Aragon

Prefix: King

Suffix: II

Title: II

Sex: M

Birth: 10 MAR 1452

Death: 23 JUN 1516 in Madrigalejo,Extremadura,Spain

Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Ferdinand II the Catholic (Spanish: Fernando de Aragón "el Católico", Catalan: Ferran d'Aragó "el Catòlic", Aragonese: Ferrando II d'Aragón "lo Catolico") (March 10, 1452 – January 23, 1516) was king of Aragon (1479-1516), Castile, Sicily (1468-1516), Naples (1504-1516), Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona.

Ferdinand was the son of John II of Aragon by his second wife, the Aragonese noblewoman Juana Enriquez. He married Infanta Isabella, the half-sister and heiress of Henry IV of Castile, on October 19, 1469 in Ocaña and became Ferdinand V of Castile when Isabella succeeded her brother as Queen of Castile in 1474. The two young monarchs were initially obliged to fight a civil war against Juana, princess of Castile (also known as Juana la Beltraneja), the purported daughter of Henry IV, but were ultimately successful. When Ferdinand succeeded his father as King of Aragon in 1479, the Crown of Castile and the various territories of the Crown of Aragon were united in a personal union creating for the first time since the 8th century a single political unit which might be called Spain, although the various territories were not properly administered as a single unit until the 18th century. The first decades of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule were taken up with the conquest of the Kingdom of Granada, the last Muslim enclave in the Iberian peninsula, which was completed by 1492. In that same year, the Jews were expelled from both Castile and Aragon, and Christopher Columbus was sent by the couple on his expedition which would ultimately discover the New World. By the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, the extra-European world was split between the crowns of Portugal and Castile by a north-south line through the Atlantic Ocean.

The latter part of Ferdinand's life was largely taken up with disputes over control of Italy with successive Kings of France, the so-called Italian Wars. In 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and expelled Ferdinand's cousin, Alfonso II, from the throne of Naples. Ferdinand allied with various Italian princes and with Emperor Maximilian I, to expel the French by 1496 and install Alfonso's son, Ferdinand, on the Neapolitan throne. In 1501, following the death of Ferdinand II of Naples and his succession by his uncle Frederick, Ferdinand of Aragon signed an agreement with Charles VIII's successor, Louis XII, who had just successfully asserted his claims to the Duchy of Milan, to partition Naples between them, with Campania and the Abruzzi, including Naples itself, going to the French and Ferdinand taking Apulia and Calabria. The agreement soon fell apart, and over the next several years, Ferdinand's great general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba conquered Naples from the French, having succeeded by 1504. Another less famous "conquest" took place in 1503, when Andreas Paleologus, de jure Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, left Ferdinand and Isabella as heirs to the empire, thus Ferdinand became de jure Roman Emperor.

After Isabella's death, her kingdom went to their daughter Joanna. Ferdinand served as the latter's regent during her absence in the Netherlands, ruled by her husband Archduke Philip. Ferdinand attempted to retain the regency permanently, but was rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband, who became Philip I of Castile. After Philip's death in 1506, with Joanna mentally unstable, and her and Philip's son Charles of Ghent was only six years old, Ferdinand resumed the regency, ruling through Francisco Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros, the Chancellor of the Kingdom.

In 1508, war resumed in Italy, this time against Venice, which all the other powers on the peninsula, including Louis XII, Ferdinand, Maximilian, and Pope Julius II joined together against as the League of Cambrai. Although the French were victorious against Venice at the Battle of Agnadello, the League soon fell apart, as both the Pope and Ferdinand became suspicious of French intentions. Instead, the Holy League was formed, in which now all the powers joined together against France.

In November 1511 Ferdinand and his son-in-law Henry VIII of England signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging mutual aid between the two against France. Earlier that year, Ferdinand had conquered the southern half of the Kingdom of Navarre, which was ruled by a French nobleman, and annexed it to Spain. At this point Ferdinand remarried with the much younger Germaine of Foix, a grand-daughter of Queen Leonor of Navarre, to reinforce his claim to the kingdom. The Holy League was generally successful in Italy, as well, driving the French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace treaty in 1513. The French were successful in reconquering Milan two years later, however.

Ferdinand died in 1516 in Madrigalejo, Cáceres, Extremadura. He had made Spain the most powerful country in Europe. The succession of his grandson Charles, who would inherit not only the Spanish lands of his maternal grandparents, but the Habsburg and Burgundian lands of his paternal family, would make his heirs the most powerful rulers on the continent. Charles succeeded him in the Aragonese lands, and was also granted the Castilian crown jointly with his insane mother, bringing about at long last the unification of the Spanish thrones under one head.

Ferdinand was the son of John II of Aragon (whose family was a cadet branch of the House of Trastámara) by his 2nd wife, the Castilian noblewoman Juana Enriquez. He married Infanta Isabella, the half-sister and heiress of Henry IV of Castile, on 19 October 1469 in Valladolid and became jure uxoris King of Castile when Isabella succeeded her brother as Queen of Castile in 1474. Isabel also belonged to the royal House of Trastámara. Married under the joint motto, tanto monta, monta tanto, the two young monarchs were initially obliged to fight a civil war against Joan, princess of Castile (also known as Juana la Beltraneja), the purported daughter of Henry IV, and were swiftly successful. When Ferdinand succeeded his father as King of Aragon in 1479, the Crown of Castile and the various territories of the Crown of Aragon were united in a personal union creating for the first time since the 8th century a single political unit began to be called España (Spain), the root of which is the ancient name Hispania, although the various states were not formerly administered as a single unit until the 18th century, but rather, as separate political units under the same Crown.

The first decades of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule were taken up with the conquest of the Kingdom of Granada, the last Muslim enclave in the Iberian peninsula, which was completed by 1492. In that same year, the Alhambra Decree was issued, expelling the Jews from both Castile and Aragon, and Christopher Columbus was sent by the couple on his infamously accidental expedition to the new world. By the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, the extra-European world was split between the crowns of Portugal and Castile by a north-south line through the Atlantic Ocean.

The latter part of Ferdinand's life was largely taken up with disputes over control of Italy with successive Kings of France, the so-called Italian Wars. In 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and expelled Alfonso II (who was Ferdinand's first cousin once removed and stepson of Ferdinand's sister) from the throne of Naples. Ferdinand allied with various Italian princes and with Emperor Maximilian I, to expel the French by 1496 and install Alfonso's son, Ferdinand, on the Neapolitan throne. In 1501, following the death of Ferdinand II of Naples and his succession by his uncle Frederick, Ferdinand of Aragon signed an agreement with Charles VIII's successor, Louis XII, who had just successfully asserted his claims to the Duchy of Milan, to partition Naples between them, with Campania and the Abruzzi, including Naples itself, going to the French and Ferdinand taking Apulia and Calabria. The agreement soon fell apart, and over the next several years, Ferdinand's great general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba conquered Naples from the French, having succeeded by 1504. Another less famous "conquest" took place in 1503, when Andreas Paleologus, de jure Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, left Ferdinand and Isabella as heirs to the empire, thus Ferdinand became de jure Roman Emperor.

After Isabella's death, her kingdom went to their daughter Joanna. Ferdinand served as the latter's regent during her absence in the Netherlands, ruled by her husband Archduke Philip. Ferdinand attempted to retain the regency permanently, but was rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband, who became Philip I of Castile. After Philip's death in 1506, with Joanna supposedly mentally unstable, and her and Philip's son Charles of Ghent was only six years old, Ferdinand resumed the regency, ruling through Francisco Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros, the Chancellor of the Kingdom.

Ferdinand disagreed with Philip's policies. In 1505, Ferdinand remarried with Germaine of Foix, a granddaughter of his half-sister Queen Leonor of Navarre, in hopes of fathering a new heir and so separating Aragon and Castile (denying Philip the governance of Aragon), and to potentially lay claim to Navarre.

Ferdinand also had children from his mistress, Aldonza Ruiz de Iborre y Alemany of Cervera. He had a son, Alfonso de Aragon (born in 1469), who later became Archbishop of Saragossa, and a daughter Joanna (born in 1471), who married Bernardino de Valsco, the 1st Duke of Frias.

In the 1500s, Alfonso de Aragon, who later became Archbishop of Saragossa found a hidden study under the palace of Ferdinand, containing over 400 documents written by Ferdinand himself. In these documents, Ferdinand explained his general outlook on political power, and his true goals behind all his decisions during life as the King of Spain. Also through these documents, which surprised many people, writings stated that Ferdinand, during times of very complicated decision making, blindfolded himself to concentrate on the true matter of the situation, as to not let various things cloud his judgment.

In 1508, war resumed in Italy, this time against Venice, which all the other powers on the peninsula, including Louis XII, Ferdinand, Maximilian, and Pope Julius II joined together against as the League of Cambrai. Although the French were victorious against Venice at the Battle of Agnadello, the League soon fell apart, as both the Pope and Ferdinand became suspicious of French intentions. Instead, the Holy League was formed, in which now all the powers joined together against France.

In November 1511 Ferdinand and his son-in-law Henry VIII of England signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging mutual aid between the two against France. Earlier that year, Ferdinand had conquered the southern half of the Kingdom of Navarre, which was ruled by a French nobleman, and annexed it to Spain. The Holy League was generally successful in Italy, as well, driving the French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace treaty in 1513. The French were successful in reconquering Milan two years later, however.

Ferdinand died in 1516 in Madrigalejo, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.

Ferdinand and Isabella established a highly effective coregency under equal terms. They utilized a prenuptial agreement to lay down their terms. During their reign they supported each other effectively in accordance to their joint motto of equality: Tanto monta or monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando ("They amount to the same, Isabella and Ferdinand"). Isabella and Ferdinand's achievements were remarkable: Spain was united, the crown power was centralized, the reconquista was successfully concluded, the groundwork for the most dominant military machine of the next century and a half was laid, a legal framework was created, the church reformed. Even without the benefit of the American expansion, Spain would have been a major European power. Columbus' discovery set the country on the course for the first modern world power.

They are, however, also remembered for having created the Spanish Inquisition.

In 1502, the members of the Aragonese Cortes gathered in Saragossa, swore an oath of loyalty to their daughter Joanna as heiress, but the Archbishop of Saragossa stated firmly that this oath was invalid and did not change the law of succession which could only be done by formal legislation by the Cortes with the King. So, when King Ferdinand died on 23 January 1516, his daughter Joanna inherited the Crown of Aragon, and his grandson Charles became Governor General (Regent). Nevertheless, the Flemings wished that Carlos assume the royal title, and this was supported by his paternal grandfather the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and by Pope Leo X. Consequently, after Ferdinand II's funeral on 14 March 1516, Carlos I was proclaimed King of Castile and of Aragon jointly with his mother. Finally, the Castilian Regent, Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros accepted the fait accompli, and the Castilian and Aragonese Cortes paid homage to him as King of Aragon jointly with his mother.

Príncipe de Aragón y rey de Sicilia, Fernando de Aragón nació en Sos del Rey Católico en el año 1452 y falleció a los 64 años en Madrigalejos. Hijo de Juan II de Aragón y futuro esposo de Isabel de Castilla, llegó a ser rey de Aragón, de Sicilia, de Nápoles y de Castilla. Con una presencia galante, de pelo muy negro, destacaba su expresión risueña.

Entre Fernando e Isabel se daban muchas similitudes, el padre y hermanastro de ambos eran rivales y además los dos eran hijos de una segunda esposa de un rey. Desde su niñez aprendió de guerras y política. De hecho, muy pronto llegó a ser un experto en la lucha en batallas y comandando tropas.

El monarca era tacaño en casa y en el gobierno, y respecto a su faceta de jugador, sus contemporáneos opinaban que dedicaba al juego más tiempo del que debía. Pero hay un defecto que parecía más grave que los demás: la lujuria.

Una de sus mayores cualidades era su amor a la familia, y las relaciones con su padre y con las mujeres fueron excelentes. También era un buen político y un negociador nato, además de ser un comunicador muy convincente, inflexible en sus decisiones y cruel si lo consideraba necesario. Fernando se adaptó muy bien a las costumbres de la corte castellana, aunque iba y venía de Aragón para apoyar a Juan II de Aragón en todas sus empresas.

http://www.rtve.es/television/20110922/fernando-aragon-interpretado...

Yn Dey nomine. Amen. Manifiesta cosa sea a los que la presente verán en como en la muy noble villa de Valladolid jueves dies e ocho días del mes de octubre año del nasçimiento de nuestro Salvador Ihesuchristo de mil e quatrocientos e sesenta e nuevos años, e seyendo presentes los muy ilustres e exçellentes señores el muy exçellente e esclaresçido señor el señor don Fernando, rey de Siçilia, príncipe heredero de los reynos de Aragón, e la muy exçellente e esclarecida señora la señora doña Ysabel, fija del muy alto e poderoso señor rrey don Juan de gloriosa memoria, prinçesa heredera d’estos reynos de Castilla e de León... ellos estaban unanimiter conformes de contraher matrimonio en uno, segund que manda la Santa Madre Iglesia”.

Su padre negoció en secreto el matrimonio de Fernando con Isabel, recién proclamada Princesa de Asturias y, por tanto, heredera al trono de Castilla y León. Las conversaciones fueron secretas debido a que Fernando estaba prometido con la hija de don Juan Pacheco, favorito del rey castellano Enrique IV.[cita requerida] Isabel quería este matrimonio, pero había un problema canónico: los contrayentes eran primos (sus abuelos eran hermanos). Necesitaban, por tanto, una bula papal que autorizara los esponsales. El Papa, sin embargo, no llegó a firmar este documento, temeroso de las posibles consecuencias negativas que ese acto podría traerle (al atraerse las antipatías de los reinos de Castilla, Portugal y Francia, interesados todos ellos en desposar a la princesa Isabel con otro pretendiente).

Sin embargo, el Papa era proclive a esta unión conyugal, por los beneficios que le podía traer el estar a bien con la princesa Isabel.[cita requerida] Por ese motivo, ordenó al cardenal Rodrigo de Borja dirigirse a España como legado papal para facilitar este enlace.

Fernando, Isabel y sus consejeros dudaban en contraer matrimonio sin contar con la autorización papal. Finalmente, con la connivencia del cardenal Borja, presentaron una bula falsa, supuestamente emitida en junio de 1464 por el anterior Papa, Pío II, a favor de Fernando, en el que se le permitía contraer matrimonio con cualquier princesa con la que le uniera un lazo de consanguinidad de hasta tercer grado.

Isabel aceptó y se firmaron las capitulaciones matrimoniales de Cervera, el 5 de marzo de 1469. Ante el temor de que Enrique IV abortara estos planes, en el mes de mayo de 1469 y con la excusa de visitar la tumba de su hermano Alfonso, que reposaba en Ávila, Isabel escapó de Ocaña, donde era custodiada estrechamente por don Juan Pacheco. Por su parte, Fernando atravesó Castilla en secreto, disfrazado de mozo de mula de unos comerciantes.

Isabel de Aragón, primogénita de los Reyes Católicos y reina de Portugal. Finalmente el 19 de octubre de 1469, Isabel contrajo matrimonio en el Palacio de los Vivero de Valladolid con Fernando, rey de Sicilia y Príncipe de Gerona. Esto le valió el enfrentamiento con su hermanastro, que llegó a paralizar la bula papal de dispensa por parentesco entre Isabel y Fernando. Finalmente, el 1 de diciembre de 1471, Sixto IV emitió la bula que dispensaba al matrimonio de sus lazos de consanguinidad.

Casado el 19 de octubre de 1469, con Isabel tuvo 5 hijos

• Reference: Ancestry Genealogy - SmartCopy: Aug 22 2017, 18:33:08 UTC

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon