Felipe I el Hermoso, Rey de Castilla

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile

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-http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUSTRIA.htm#Philippdied1506

PHILIPP Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor MAXIMILIAN I Archduke of Austria & his first wife Marie Dss de Bourgogne (Bruges 22 Jul 1478-Burgos 25 Sep 1506). Duc de Brabant 1484. He succeeded in 1504 as FELIPE I King of Castile. Regent of Spain (1506).

m (Lille 20 Oct 1496) Infanta doña JUANA de Castilla y Aragón, daughter of FERNANDO V King of Aragon & his first wife Isabel I Queen of Castile (Toledo 6 Nov 1479-Tordesillas 11 Apr 1555). ... ...

Philipp & his wife had children:

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-http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00001567&tree=LEO

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Philip I,King of Castile and Léon, Count of Artois and Flanders, Count Palatine of Burgundy.

Reign 1503 - 1506

Consort Joanna of Castile

Father Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor Mother Mary the Rich

Born 22 July 1478 Bruges, Flanders

Died September 25, 1506 (aged 28) Burgos, Castile

Philip I, also known as Philip the Handsome (July 22, 1478 – September 25, 1506; was the son of the Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Through his mother Mary of Burgundy he inherited the greater part of the Burgundian state the Burgundian Netherlands and through his wife Joanna the Mad he briefly succeeded to the kingdom of Castile. He was the first Habsburg ruler in Spain and his successors recognized him as Philip I of Castile. He never inherited his father's territories, or became Holy Roman Emperor, because he predeceased his father.

Having, as a young Prince, met Philip the Handsome at the court of Henry VII, the future King Henry VIII of England regarded the Duke as providing a model of leadership towards which he aspired.

Philip was born in Bruges, in the County of Flanders (today in Belgium) and was named after his great-grandfather, Philip the Good. In 1482, upon the death of his mother Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold, he succeeded to her Burgundian possessions under the guardianship of his father. A period of turmoil ensued which witnessed sporadic hostilities between, principally, the large towns of Flanders (especially Ghent and Bruges) and the supporters of Maximilian.

During this interregnum, the young Philip became caught up in events and was even briefly sequestered in Bruges as part of the larger Flemish campaign to support their claims of greater autonomy, which they had wrested from Mary of Burgundy in an agreement known as the Blijde Inkomst or Joyous Entry of 1477. By the early 1490s, the turmoil of the interregnum gave way to an uneasy stand-off, with neither French support for the cities of the Franc (Flanders), nor Imperial support from Maximilian's father Frederick III proving decisive. Both sides came to terms in the Peace of Senlis in 1493, which smoothed over the internal power struggle by agreeing to make the 15-year old Philip prince in the following year.

Philip by the Master of the Magdalen LegendIn 1494 Maximilian relinquished his regency under the terms of the Treaty of Senlis and Philip, at the age of 16, took over the rule of the Burgundian lands himself, although in practice authority was derived from a council of Burgundian notables. On October 20, 1496, he married the Infanta Juana, daughter of King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile, in Lier, Belgium.

The marriage was one of a set of family alliances between the Habsburgs and the Trastámara, designed to strengthen both against growing French power, which had increased significantly thanks to the policies of Louis XI and the successful assertion of regal power after war with the League of the Public Weal. The matter became more urgent after Charles VIII's invasion of Italy (known as the First Peninsular War).

Philip's sister Margaret married Don Juan, the only son of Ferdinand and Isabella and successor to the unified crowns of Castile and Aragon. [1] The double alliance was never intended to let the Spanish kingdoms fall under Habsburg control. At the time of her marriage to Philip, Juana was third in line to the throne, with both Juan and his elder sister Isabella married and hopeful of progeny.

Juana of CastileIn 1500, shortly after the birth in Flanders of Juana and Philip's second child (the future Charles V), the succession to the Castilian and Aragonese crowns was thrown into turmoil. The heir apparent, Don Juan, had died in 1497 very shortly after his marriage to Margaret of Austria. The succession thereby passed to Queen Isabella, who had married King Manuel I of Portugal. She died in 1498, while giving birth to a son, the Infante Miguel, to whom succession to the united crowns of Castile, Aragon and Portugal now fell; however, the infant was sickly, and he died during the summer of 1500. The succession to the Castilian and Aragonese crowns now fell to Juana. Because Ferdinand could conceivably produce another heir, the Cortes of Aragon refused to recognise Juana and Philip as the heirs presumptive to the Kingdom of Aragon. In Castile, however, the succession was clear. Moreover, there was no salic tradition which the Castilian Cortes could use to thwart the succession passing to Juana. At this point, the issue of Juana's mental incompetence moved from courtly annoyance to the centre of the political stage, since it was clear that Philip and his Burgundian entourage would be the real power-holders in Castile.

In 1502, Philip, Juana and a large part of the Burgundian court travelled to Spain to receive fealty from the Cortes of Castile as king, a journey chronicled in intense detail by Antoon van Lalaing (French: Antoine de Lalaing), the future Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland. Philip and the majority of the court returned to the Low Countries in the following year, leaving a pregnant Juana behind in Madrid, where she gave birth to Ferdinand, later Holy Roman Emperor. Philip's life with Juana was rendered extremely unhappy by his infidelity and by her jealousy, which, working on a neurotic temperament, furthered her insanity. The princess gave way to paroxysms of rage, in which she was guilty of acts of atrocious violence. Before her mother's death, in 1504, she was unquestionably quite insane, and husband and wife lived apart.

When Queen Isabella died, King Ferdinand endeavoured to lay hands on the regency of Castile, but the nobles, who disliked and feared him, forced him to withdraw. Philip was summoned to Spain, where he was recognized as king. He landed, with his wife, at La Coruña on April 28, 1506, accompanied by a body of German mercenaries. Father and son-in-law mediated under Cardinal Cisneros at Remesal, near Puebla de Sanabria, and at Renedo, the only result of which was an indecent family quarrel, in which Ferdinand professed to defend the interests of his daughter, who he said was imprisoned by her husband.

A civil war would probably have broken out between them; but Philip, who had only been in Spain long enough to prove his incapacity, died suddenly at Burgos, apparently of typhoid fever, on September 25, 1506. His wife refused for long to allow his body to be buried or to part from it.

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Philip I (22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506; Spanish: Felipe el Hermoso; German: Philipp der Schöne; French: Philippe le Beau; Dutch: Filips de Schone), known as the Handsome or the Fair, was the son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. He inherited the greater part of the Duchy of Burgundy and the Burgundian Netherlands (as Philip IV of Burgundy) from his mother, Mary of Burgundy and briefly succeeded to the Crown of Castile because he was married to Queen Joanna of Castile. He was the first Habsburg monarch in Spain. He never inherited his father's territories, nor became Holy Roman Emperor, because he predeceased his father.

Having, as a young Prince, met Philip the Handsome at the court of Henry VII, the future King Henry VIII of England regarded him as providing a model of leadership towards which he aspired.

Contents [hide] 1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 The Burgundian inheritance and the Spanish alliance 1.3 The Castilian inheritance 1.4 Struggle for power in Spain 2 Family 3 Titles 4 Notes 5 Sources 6 External links

[edit] Biography [edit] Early life

Philip by the Master of the Magdalen LegendPhilip was born in Bruges, in the County of Flanders (today in Belgium) and was named after his great-grandfather, Philip the Good. In 1482, upon the death of his mother Mary of Burgundy, he succeeded to her Burgundian possessions under the guardianship of his father. A period of turmoil ensued which witnessed sporadic hostilities between, principally, the large towns of Flanders (especially Ghent and Bruges) and the supporters of Maximilian.

During this interregnum, Philip became caught up in events and was even briefly sequestered in Bruges as part of the larger Flemish campaign to support their claims of greater autonomy, which they had wrested from Mary of Burgundy in an agreement known as the Blijde Inkomst or Joyous Entry of 1477. By the early 1490s, the turmoil of the interregnum gave way to an uneasy stand-off, with neither French support for the cities of the Franc (Flanders), nor Imperial support from Maximilian's father Frederick III proving decisive. Both sides came to terms in the Peace of Senlis in 1493, which smoothed over the internal power struggle by agreeing to make the 15-year old Philip prince in the following year.

[edit] The Burgundian inheritance and the Spanish alliance In 1494, Maximilian relinquished his regency under the terms of the Treaty of Senlis and Philip, aged 16, took over the rule of the Burgundian lands himself, although in practice authority was derived from a council of Burgundian notables. On 20 October 1496, he married Infanta Joanna, daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, in Lier, Belgium.

The marriage was one of a set of family alliances between the Habsburgs and the Trastámara, designed to strengthen against growing French power, which had increased significantly thanks to the policies of Louis XI and the successful assertion of regal power after war with the League of the Public Weal. The matter became more urgent after Charles VIII's invasion of Italy (known as the First Peninsular War).

Philip's sister Margaret married John, Prince of Asturias, only son of Ferdinand and Isabella and successor to the unified crowns of Castile and Aragon. [1] The double alliance was never intended to let the Spanish kingdoms fall under Habsburg control. At the time of her marriage to Philip, Joanna was third in line to the throne, with John and his sister Isabella married and hopeful of progeny.

[edit] The Castilian inheritance File:Don Felipe y Doña Joanna.jpg Philip and his wife with their Spanish subjects Joanna of CastileIn 1500, shortly after the birth in Flanders of Joanna and Philip's second child (the future Charles V), the succession to the Castilian and Aragonese crowns was thrown into turmoil. The heir apparent, John, had died in 1497 very shortly after his marriage to Margaret of Austria. The succession thereby passed to Queen Isabella, who had married King Manuel I of Portugal. She died in 1498, while giving birth to a son, the Infante Miguel, to whom succession to the united crowns of Castile, Aragon and Portugal now fell; however, the infant was sickly, and he died during the summer of 1500. The succession to the Castilian and Aragonese crowns now fell to Joanna. Because Ferdinand could conceivably produce another heir, the Cortes of Aragon refused to recognise Joanna and Philip as the heirs presumptive to the Kingdom of Aragon. In Castile, however, the succession was clear. Moreover, there was no Salic tradition which the Castilian Cortes could use to thwart the succession passing to Joanna. At this point, the issue of Joanna's mental incompetence moved from courtly annoyance to the centre of the political stage, since it was clear that Philip and his Burgundian entourage would be the real power-holders in Castile.

In 1502, Philip, Joanna and a large part of the Burgundian court travelled to Spain to receive fealty from the Cortes of Castile as king, a journey chronicled in intense detail by Antoon I van Lalaing (French: Antoine de Lalaing), the future Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland. Philip and the majority of the court returned to the Low Countries in the following year, leaving a pregnant Joanna behind in Madrid, where she gave birth to Ferdinand, later Holy Roman Emperor. Philip's life with Joanna was rendered extremely unhappy by his infidelity and political insecurity, during which he consistently attempted to usurp her legal birthrights of power. This led in great part to the rumors of her insanity due to reports of depressive or neurotic acts committed while she was being imprisoned or coerced by her husband; most historians now agree she was merely clinically depressed or schizophrenic at the time, not insane as commonly believed. Before her mother's death, in 1504, husband and wife were already living apart.

[edit] Struggle for power in Spain When Queen Isabella died, King Ferdinand endeavoured to lay hands on the regency of Castile, but the nobles, who disliked and feared him, forced him to withdraw. Philip was summoned to Spain, where he was recognized as king. He landed, with his wife, at La Coruña on 28 April 1506, accompanied by a body of German mercenaries. Father and son-in-law mediated under Cardinal Cisneros at Remesal, near Puebla de Sanabria, and at Renedo, the only result of which was an indecent family quarrel, in which Ferdinand professed to defend the interests of his daughter, who he said was imprisoned by her husband.

A civil war would probably have broken out between them; but Philip, who had only been in Spain long enough to prove his incapacity, died suddenly at Burgos, apparently of typhoid fever, on 25 September 1506. His wife long refused to allow his body to be buried or to part from it.

[edit] Family Philip and Joanna of Castile had six children:

Eleanor (1498–1558), Queen consort first to Manuel I of Portugal and secondly to Francis I of France. Charles (1500–1558), King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor. Isabella (1501–1526), Queen consort of Christian II of Denmark. Ferdinand I (1503–1564), King of Bohemia and Hungary, Holy Roman Emperor. Mary (1505–1558), Queen consort of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia. Catherine (1507–1578), Queen consort of John III of Portugal.

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Philip I of Castile From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Philip I, also known as Philip the Handsome (July 22, 1478 – September 25, 1506; Spanish: Felipe el Hermoso; German: Philipp der Schöne; French: Philippe le Beau; Dutch: Filips de Schone) was the son of the Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Through his mother Mary of Burgundy he inherited the greater part of the Burgundian state the Burgundian Netherlands and through his wife Joanna the Mad he briefly succeeded to the kingdom of Castile. He was the first Habsburg ruler in Spain and his successors recognized him as Philip I of Castile. He never inherited his father's territories, or became Holy Roman Emperor, because he predeceased his father.

History

[edit]Early life Philip was born in Bruges, in the County of Flanders (today in Belgium) and was named after his great-grandfather, Philip the Good. In 1482, upon the death of his mother Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the Bold, he succeeded to her Burgundian possessions under the guardianship of his father. A period of turmoil ensued which witnessed sporadic hostilities between, principally, the large towns of Flanders (especially Ghent and Bruges) and the supporters of Maximilian. During this interregnum, the young Philip became caught up in events and was even briefly sequestered in Bruges as part of the larger Flemish campaign to support their claims of greater autonomy, which they had wrested from Mary of Burgundy in an agreement known as the Blijde Inkomst or Joyous Entry of 1477. By the early 1490s, the turmoil of the interregnum gave way to an uneasy stand-off, with neither French support for the cities of the Franc (Flanders), nor Imperial support from Maximilian's father Frederick III proving decisive. Both sides came to terms in the Peace of Senlis in 1493, which smoothed over the internal power struggle by agreeing to make the 15-year old Philip prince in the following year.

The Burgundian inheritance and the Spanish alliance

In 1494 Maximilian relinquished his regency under the terms of the Treaty of Senlis and Philip, at the age of 16, took over the rule of the Burgundian lands himself, although in practice authority was derived from a council of Burgundian notables. On October 20, 1496, he married the Infanta Juana, daughter of King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile, in Lier, Belgium. The marriage was one of a set of family alliances between the Habsburgs and the Trastámara, designed to strengthen both against growing French power, which had increased significantly thanks to the policies of Louis XI and the successful assertion of regal power after war with the League of the Public Weal. The matter became more urgent after Charles VIII's invasion of Italy (known as the First Peninsular War). Philip's sister Margaret married Don Juan, the only son of Ferdinand and Isabella and successor to the unified crowns of Castile and Aragon. [1] The double alliance was never intended to let the Spanish kingdoms fall under Habsburg control. At the time of her marriage to Philip, Juana was third in line to the throne, with both Juan and his elder sister Isabella married and hopeful of progeny.

The Castilian inheritance

In 1500, shortly after the birth in Flanders of Juana and Philip's second child (the future Charles V), the succession to the Castilian and Aragonese crowns was thrown into turmoil. The heir apparent, Don Juan, had died in 1497 very shortly after his marriage to Margaret of Austria. The succession thereby passed to Queen Isabella, who had married King Manuel I of Portugal. She died in 1498, while giving birth to a son, the Infante Miguel, to whom succession to the united crowns of Castile, Aragon and Portugal now fell; however, the infant was sickly, and he died during the summer of 1500. The succession to the Castilian and Aragonese crowns now fell to Juana. Because Ferdinand could conceivably produce another heir, the Cortes of Aragon refused to recognise Juana and Philip as the heirs presumptive to the Kingdom of Aragon. In Castile, however, the succession was clear. Moreover, there was no salic tradition which the Castilian Cortes could use to thwart the succession passing to Juana. At this point, the issue of Juana's mental incompetence moved from courtly annoyance to the centre of the political stage, since it was clear that Philip and his Burgundian entourage would be the real power-holders in Castile. In 1502, Philip, Juana and a large part of the Burgundian court travelled to Spain to receive fealty from the Cortes of Castile as king, a journey chronicled in intense detail by Antoon van Lalaing (French: Antoine de Lalaing), the future Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland. Philip and the majority of the court returned to the Low Countries in the following year, leaving a pregnant Juana behind in Madrid, where she gave birth to Ferdinand, later Holy Roman Emperor. Philip's life with Juana was rendered extremely unhappy by his infidelity and by her jealousy, which, working on a neurotic temperament, furthered her insanity. The princess gave way to paroxysms of rage, in which she was guilty of acts of atrocious violence. Before her mother's death, in 1504, she was unquestionably quite insane, and husband and wife lived apart. [edit]Struggle for power in Spain When Queen Isabella died, King Ferdinand endeavoured to lay hands on the regency of Castile, but the nobles, who disliked and feared him, forced him to withdraw. Philip was summoned to Spain, where he was recognized as king. He landed, with his wife, at La Coruña on April 28, 1506, accompanied by a body of German mercenaries. Father and son-in-law mediated under Cardinal Cisneros at Remesal, near Puebla de Sanabria, and at Renedo, the only result of which was an indecent family quarrel, in which Ferdinand professed to defend the interests of his daughter, who he said was imprisoned by her husband. A civil war would probably have broken out between them; but Philip, who had only been in Spain long enough to prove his incapacity, died suddenly at Burgos, apparently of typhoid fever, on September 25, 1506. His wife refused for long to allow his body to be buried or to part from it. [edit]Family

Philip and Juanna of Castile had six children: Eleanor (1498–1558), Queen consort first to Manuel I of Portugal and secondly to Francis I of France. Charles (1500–1558), King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor. Isabella (1501–1525), Queen consort of Christian II of Denmark. Ferdinand I (1503–1564), King of Bohemia and Hungary, Holy Roman Emperor. Mary (1505–1558), Queen consort of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia. Catherine (1507–1578), Queen consort of John III of Portugal.

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http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_I._%28Kastilien%29 Philipp I. (Kastilien) aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche Philipp I. genannt der Schöne

Philipp I. von Habsburg, genannt der Schöne, spanisch: Felipe I de Austria el Hermoso (* 22. Juli 1478 in Brügge; † 25. September 1506 in Burgos), Herzog von Burgund. Er war der erste Habsburger, der in Spanien König wurde und über Kastilien, León und Granada herrschte. Inhaltsverzeichnis [Anzeigen]

   * 1 Leben

   * 2 Ausblick

   * 3 Nachkommen

   * 4 Vorfahren

   * 5 Literatur

   * 6 Weblinks

   * 7 Einzelnachweise

Leben [Bearbeiten] Erzherzog Philipp mit seinen Eltern und den Söhnen Karl und Ferdinand

Philipp war der älteste und einzige überlebende Sohn aus der Ehe des späteren Königs und Kaisers Maximilian I. mit Maria von Burgund, der Erbin des Länderkomplexes des Hauses Burgund. Als Philipp drei Jahre alt war, starb seine Mutter am 27. März 1482 an den Folgen eines Reitunfalls. Zuvor hatte sie Philipp und seine Schwester Margarete testamentarisch als Erben eingesetzt und bis zur Volljährigkeit der beiden Kinder Maximilian zu deren Vormund bestimmt.[1]

Während Margarete im Folgejahr aufgrund des Friedens von Arras als künftige französische Königin vorgesehen war und zur Erziehung nach Frankreich gebracht wurde, blieb Philipp in den Burgundischen Niederlanden. Bereits im September 1494 wurde er im Alter von 16 Jahren vorzeitig für großjährig erklärt und aus der Vormundschaft Maximilians I. entlassen.[2] Am 20. Oktober 1496 wurde Philipp offiziell in Lier mit der Infantin Johanna vermählt, ein halbes Jahr vor der Heirat seiner Schwester Margarete mit dem spanischen Thronfolger Johann (Juan), Sohn der Isabella von Kastilien und des Ferdinand von Aragón.[3] Diese Doppelhochzeit war - anders als die burgundische Heirat Maximilians - nicht von vornherein der Thronfolge wegen geschlossen worden. Die Politik der Habsburger war vielmehr darauf gerichtet, die Beziehungen zu Spanien durch die Ehe zu festigen und somit den Erzrivalen Frankreich weiter zu isolieren. Durch den plötzlichen Tod des Infanten Johann im Jahre 1497 stellte sich jedoch die Frage der Nachfolge in der kastilischen Königswürde.

Der Erbfall trat am 26. November 1504 mit dem Tod Isabellas ein. Isabella hatte die Krone gleichermaßen ihrer Tochter Johanna, Philipps Ehefrau, und ihrem Ehemann Ferdinand von Aragón vermacht. Zusammen mit Johanna wurde Philipp König von Kastilien, León und Granada. Schon in einer Urkunde vom 18. Januar 1505 aus Brüssel bezeichnete sich Philipp als „Philippe par la grace de Dieu roy de Castille, de Leon, de Grenade, archiduc d’Autriche etc.“ (Philipp, durch Gottes Gnade König von Kastilien, Leon und Granada, Erzherzog zu Österreich, etc.).[4] Zwischen Ferdinand und Philipp brach jetzt eine offene Feindschaft aus. Philipp konnte sich aber durchsetzen, da die Granden Kastiliens ihn als König favorisierten. Die Lage war aber durchaus offen, zumal auch Ferdinand erneut heiratete und damit gerechnet werden musste, dass aus dieser Ehe möglicherweise ein Erbe hervorgehen könnte, was jedoch im weiteren Verlauf der Ereignisse nicht geschah.

Philipp starb plötzlich nach einer kurzen Fieberinfektion am 25. September 1506 in der Casa del Cordón in Burgos. Seine sterblichen Überreste liegen neben seiner Gemahlin und deren Eltern in der Krypta der Capilla Real in Granada. Johanna überlebte Philipp um 48 Jahre und heiratete nie wieder. Ausblick [Bearbeiten]

Philipp hinterließ sechs minderjährige Kinder, darunter zwei Söhne, Karl und Ferdinand. Während Ferdinand bei seinem Großvater Ferdinand von Aragón in Spanien aufwuchs, wurde Karl von Philipps zweimal verwitweter Schwester Margarete in den burgundischen Niederlanden erzogen. Nach dem Tod Ferdinands II. von Aragon im Jahre 1516 wurde Karl zusammen mit seiner Mutter Johanna spanischer König und 1519 zum römisch-deutschen König gewählt. Bei seiner Krönung im Oktober 1520 nahm er den Titel „erwählter“ Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches an. Erst mit den Rücktritten Karls als Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches und als König von Spanien teilte sich das Haus Habsburg in zwei Teile: Karls Sohn Philipp wurde zum Begründer der spanischen Linie und Karls Bruder Ferdinand zum Stammvater der österreichischen Habsburger. Nachkommen [Bearbeiten] Herzogswappen nach der Heirat Königswappen

Aus der Ehe Philipps „des Schönen“ (1478-1506) mit Johanna von Kastilien „der Wahnsinnigen“ (1479–1555) entstammen sechs Kinder.

   * Eleonore von Kastilien (1498–1558), durch Heirat Königin von Portugal und Königin von Frankreich

        1. ∞ 1519 Manuel I. (1469 –1521) König von Portugal

        2. ∞ 1530 Franz I. (1494–1547) König von Frankreich

   * Karl V. (1500–1558) Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, König von Spanien ∞ Isabella von Portugal (1503–1539)

   * Isabella von Österreich (1501–1526) ∞ 1515 Christian II. (1481–1559) König von Dänemark

   * Ferdinand I. (1503–1564) Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, König von Böhmen und Ungarn ∞ 1521 Anna von Böhmen und Ungarn (1503–1547)

   * Maria von Kastilien (1505–1558), ∞ 1515 Ludwig II. (1506–1526) König von Böhmen und Ungarn

   * Katharina von Kastilien (1507–1578) ∞ 1525 Johann III. (1502–1557) König von Portugal

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

* Thea Leitner: Habsburgs Goldene Bräute, Originalausgabe Wien 2000, Taschenbuchausgabe Piper München 2005, Kapitel 2, S. 95–162.

   * Hermann Wiesflecker: Maximilian I. Verlag für Geschichte und Politik, Wien / München 1991; ISBN 3-7028-0308-4, sowie ISBN 3-486-55875-7.

   * Wilhelm Maurenbrecher: Philipp der Schöne. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 25. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, S. 754–757.

Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

   *

     Commons Commons: Philipp I. (Kastilien) – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

   * Literatur über Philipp I. (Kastilien) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (Datensatz zu Philipp I. (Kastilien) • PICA-Datensatz • Apper-Personensuche)

   * genealogie-mittelalter.de

Einzelnachweise [Bearbeiten]

  1. ↑ Wiesflecker, a. a. O., S. 51.

  2. ↑ Wiesflecker, a. a. O., S. 392.

  3. ↑ Datum lt. Wiesflecker, a. a. O., S. 393.

  4. ↑ Abdruck bei Joseph Rübsam, Johann Baptista von Taxis, Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1889, S. 188ff.

Vorgänger Amt Nachfolger Isabella I. und Ferdinand V. König von Kastilien und León (mit seiner Gemahlin Johanna) 1504–1506 Johanna Maximilian I. Großmeister des Ordens vom Goldenen Vlies 1482–1506 Karl V. Einklappen Statthalter von Gelderland

Wilhelm I. von Egmond | Philipp von Croÿ | Wilhelm II. von Egmond | Adolf III. von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein | Johann V. von Nassau-Dietz | Philipp der Schöne | Florens von Egmond | Renatus von Oranien-Nassau | Philipp von Lalaing | Philipp II. von Montmorency | Karl von Brimeu | Ägidius von Berlaymont | Johann VI. von Nassau-Dietz | Wilhelm IV. zum Bergh | Adolf von Neuenahr | Moritz von Oranien-Nassau | Friedrich Heinrich von Oranien-Nassau | Wilhelm II. von Oranien-Nassau | Wilhelm III. von Oranien-Nassau | Wilhelm IV. von Oranien-Nassau | Wilhelm V. von Oranien-Nassau

Normdaten: PND: 11864162X – weitere Informationen | LCCN: n96018646 | VIAF: 89752946 Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 29. Mai 2010 um 09:46 Uhr geänder

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile

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Philip I[1] (22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506), known as Philip the Handsome or the Fair, was the first Habsburg King of Castile. The son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Philip inherited the greater part of the Duchy of Burgundy and the Burgundian Netherlands (as Philip IV) from his mother, Mary of Burgundy, and briefly succeeded to the Crown of Castile as the husband of Queen Joanna of Castile. He was the first Habsburg monarch in Spain. He never inherited his father's territories, nor became Holy Roman Emperor, because he predeceased his father.

Having, as a young prince, met Philip the Handsome at the court of Henry VII, the future King Henry VIII of England regarded him as providing a model of leadership towards which he aspired.

Philip was born in Bruges, in the County of Flanders (today in Belgium) and was named after his great-grandfather, Philip the Good. In 1482, upon the death of his mother Mary of Burgundy, he succeeded to her Burgundian possessions under the guardianship of his father. A period of turmoil ensued which witnessed sporadic hostilities between, principally, the large towns of Flanders (especially Ghent and Bruges) and the supporters of Maximilian.

During this interregnum, Philip became caught up in events and was even briefly sequestered in Bruges as part of the larger Flemish campaign to support their claims of greater autonomy, which they had wrested from Mary of Burgundy in an agreement known as the Blijde Inkomst or Joyous Entry of 1477. By the early 1490s, the turmoil of the interregnum gave way to an uneasy stand-off, with neither French support for the cities of the Franc (Flanders), nor Imperial support from Maximilian's father Frederick III proving decisive. Both sides came to terms in the Peace of Senlis in 1493, which smoothed over the internal power struggle by agreeing to make the 15-year old Philip prince in the following year.

[edit] The Burgundian inheritance and the Spanish alliance

In 1494, Maximilian relinquished his regency under the terms of the Treaty of Senlis and Philip, aged 16, took over the rule of the Burgundian lands himself, although in practice authority was derived from a council of Burgundian notables. On 20 October 1496, he married Infanta Joanna, daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, in Lier, Belgium.

The marriage was one of a set of family alliances between the Habsburgs and the Trastámara, designed to strengthen against growing French power, which had increased significantly thanks to the policies of Louis XI and the successful assertion of regal power after war with the League of the Public Weal. The matter became more urgent after Charles VIII's invasion of Italy (known as the First Peninsular War).

Philip's sister Margaret married John, Prince of Asturias, only son of Ferdinand and Isabella and successor to the unified crowns of Castile and Aragon. [2] The double alliance was never intended to let the Spanish kingdoms fall under Habsburg control. At the time of her marriage to Philip, Joanna was third in line to the throne, with John and his sister Isabella married and hopeful of progeny.

[edit] The Castilian inheritance

In 1500, shortly after the birth in Flanders of Joanna and Philip's second child (the future Emperor Charles V), the succession to the Castilian and Aragonese crowns was thrown into turmoil. The heir apparent, John, had died in 1497 very shortly after his marriage to Margaret of Austria. The succession thereby passed to Queen Isabella and King Manuel I of Portugal. She died in 1498, while giving birth to a son, the Infante Miguel, to whom succession to the united crowns of Castile, Aragon and Portugal now fell; however, the infant was sickly and died during the summer of 1500. The succession to the Castilian and Aragonese crowns now fell to Joanna and Philip. Because Ferdinand could produce another heir, the Cortes of Aragon refused to recognise Joanna and Philip as the heirs presumptive to the Kingdom of Aragon. In the Kingdom of Castile, however, the succession was clear. Moreover, there was no Salic tradition which the Castilian Cortes could use to thwart the succession passing to Joanna. At this point, the issue of Joanna's mental incompetence moved from courtly annoyance to the centre of the political stage, since it was clear that Philip and his Burgundian entourage would be the real power-holders in Castile.

In 1502, Philip, Joanna and a large part of the Burgundian court travelled to Spain to receive fealty from the Cortes of Castile as king, a journey chronicled in intense detail by Antoon I van Lalaing (French: Antoine de Lalaing), the future Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland. Philip and the majority of the court returned to the Low Countries in the following year, leaving a pregnant Joanna behind in Madrid, where she gave birth to Ferdinand, later Holy Roman Emperor. Philip's life with Joanna was rendered extremely unhappy by his infidelity and political insecurity, during which he consistently attempted to usurp her legal birthrights of power. This led in great part to the rumors of her insanity due to reports of depressive or neurotic acts committed while she was being imprisoned or coerced by her husband; most historians now agree she was merely clinically depressed or schizophrenic at the time, not insane as commonly believed. Before her mother's death, in 1504, husband and wife were already living apart.

[edit] Struggle for power in Spain

In 1504, Philip's mother-in-law died, leaving the Crown of Castile to Joanna and Philip I. Isabella I's widower and former co-monarch, King Ferdinand V, endeavoured to lay hands on the regency of Castile, but the nobles, who disliked and feared him, forced him to withdraw. Philip was summoned to Spain, where he was recognized as king. He landed, with his wife, at La Coruña on 28 April 1506, accompanied by a body of German mercenaries. Father and son-in-law mediated under Cardinal Cisneros at Remesal, near Puebla de Sanabria, and at Renedo, the only result of which was an indecent family quarrel, in which Ferdinand professed to defend the interests of his daughter, who he said was imprisoned by her husband.

A civil war would probably have broken out between them; but Philip, who had only been in Spain long enough to prove his incapacity, died suddenly at Burgos, apparently of typhoid fever, on 25 September 1506. His wife supposedly refused to allow his body to be buried or to part from it for awhile. Philip I is entombed at the Royal Chapel of Granada (Capilla Real de Granada), alongside his wife, and her parents Isabella I and Ferdinand II.

[edit] Family

Philip and Joanna of Castile had six children:

   * Eleanor (1498–1558), Queen consort first to Manuel I of Portugal and secondly to Francis I of France.

* Charles (1500–1558), King of Spain, Holy Roman Emperor.
* Isabella (1501–1526), Queen consort of Christian II of Denmark.
* Ferdinand I (1503–1564), King of Bohemia and Hungary, Holy Roman Emperor.
* Mary (1505–1558), Queen consort of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia.
* Catherine (1507–1578), Queen consort of John III of Portugal.
*The divine genetics of aristocracy – family tree shows how the Spanish Hapsburg dynasty interbred to extinction

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I. Fülöp (Brugge, 1478. július 22. – Burgos, 1506. szeptember 25.) Uralkodói mellékneve: Szép Fülöp. Spanyolul Felipe I el Hermoso, németül Philipp I. der Schöne, flamandul Filips de Schone, franciául Philippe Ier dit le Beau, katalánul: Felip el Bell. Kasztília és León királya a felesége, II. Johanna királynő jogán. Ausztriai főherceg a születése jogán, IV. Fülöp néven Burgundia hercege,[2] Brabant, Limburg, Luxemburg és Alsó-Lotaringia hercege, Flandria, Hollandia, Zeeland, Artois, Hennegau (Hainaut) és Burgundia (Franche-Comté) grófja anyja, Burgundi Mária örököseként. Édesapja I. Miksa német-római császár. A Habsburg-ház tagja.