Duarte I o Eloquente, rei de Portugal

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_Portugal (English)

Eduardo I de Avis o Duarte I de Avis (Viseu, 31 de octubre de 1391 - Tomar, 13 de septiembre de 1438) fue el undécimo monarca portugués, segundo de la Dinastía de Avis. Hijo del rey Juan I el de Buena Memoria y de Felipa de Lancaster (hija de Juan de Gante, duque de Lancaster, hijo a su vez de Eduardo III de Inglaterra), heredó el trono en el año 1433.

Como príncipe, Eduardo siguió a su padre en los asuntos del reino. Fue nombrado caballero en 1415 tras la captura portuguesa de la ciudad de Ceuta. Se convirtió en rey en 1433 y pronto mostró interés por conseguir un consenso interno. Durante su corto reinado, Eduardo llamó a las Cortes no menos de cinco veces para discutir los asuntos internos y los temas políticos. También siguió con la política de su padre sobre las exploración marítimas a África. Animó y financió asu hermano, Enrique el Navegante que fundó una escuela de navegación marítima en Sagres y que fue el iniciador de numerosas expediciones; entre ellas la de Gil Eanes que en 1434 rodeó por primera vez el cabo Bojador.

La colonia de Ceuta se convirtió rápidamente en un problema para el tesoro portugués y se consideró que sin el control de Tánger la posesión de Ceuta no tenía ningún sentido. Poco después de que los portugueses tomaran posesión de Ceuta, las caravanas de camellos empezaron a utilizar la ciudad de Tánger como punto de destino. Esto hizo que Ceuta se quedara sin los bienes y materiales que la convertían en un mercado atrativo y convirtió la ciudad en una comunidad aislada.

En 1437, los hermanos del rey, Enrique y Fernando, persuadieron a Eduardo para que lanzara un ataque en Marruecos para conseguir una base mejor con vistas a las futuras expediciones africanas. La expedición no contó con un apoyo unánime ya que algunos nobles se mostraron en contra. El ataque a Tánger fue un éxito pero costó un gran número de bajas entre los soldados portugueses. El hermano menor de Eduardo, Fernando, fue hecho prisionero y murió poco después en la prisión de Fez. Eduardo murió poco después, víctima de la peste negra que ya había matado a su padre y a su madre.

Otro aspecto menos político de la personalidad de Eduardo fue su pasión por la cultura. Escribió un tratado conocido como O Leal Conselheiro (El consejero leal) así como otros libro sobre caza y diversos poemas. En el momento de su muerte estaba revisando la legislación portuguesa.

Descendencia  

Con Juana Manuel de Villena:

Juan Manuel (1416 - 1476), Obispo de Guarda.

Con Leonor de Aragón (hija de Fernando I de Antequera):

Juan (1429 - 1433), heredero;

Felipa (1430 - 1439);

Alfonso el Africano (1432 - 1481), sucesor de su padre con el nombre de Alfonso V;

María (1432), que murió un día después de nacer;

Fernando (1433 - 1470), 2º Duque de Viseu y padre de Manuel I el Afortunado;

Leonor (1434 - 1467), esposa del emperador germánico Federico III de Habsburgo;

Eduardo (1435), muerto al nacer;

Catalina (1436 - 1463), religiosa;

Juana (1439 - 1475), segunda esposa de Enrique IV de Castilla.

Predecesor:

Juan I Rey de Portugal

1433-1438 Sucesor:

Alfonso V

Obtenido de "http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_I_de_Portugal"

Duarte I, King of Portugal KG (Viseu, October 31 1391 - Tomar, September 13 1438) (pron. IPA [du'a?t(?)]; the Philosopher or the Eloquent, the 11th king of Portugal and the Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta. He was the son of King João I of Portugal (John I of Portugal) and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt.

As an infante, Duarte always followed his father, King João I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese capture of the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Duarte called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Henry the Navigator who founded a "school" of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the northwestern coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.

The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their new destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.

In 1437, his brothers, Henry (Henrique) and Fernando, persuaded Duarte to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and Infante João were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother, Fernando, the Saint Prince was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Duarte died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.

Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly infante, he wrote the treatises O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) and Livro Da Ensinanca De Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela (The Art of Riding on Every Saddle) as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

Edward, King of Portugal and the Algarve;

Father John I

Mother Philippa of Lancaster

Born October 31, 1391

Viseu, Kingdom of Portugal

Died September 13, 1438 (aged 46)

Tomar, Kingdom of Portugal

Burial Imperfect Chapels, Monastery of Batalha, Batalha, District of Leiria, Portugal

Edward of Portugal; 31 October 1391 – Tomar, 13 September 1438, called the Philosopher or the Eloquent, was the eleventh King of Portugal and the Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death. He was the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt. His was named in honor of his great-grandfather, King Edward III of England.

As an infante, Duarte always followed his father, King João I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese capture of the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Duarte called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Henry the Navigator who founded a "school" of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the northwestern coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.

The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their new destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.

In 1437, his brothers, Henry (Henrique) and Fernando, persuaded Duarte to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and Infante João were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother, Fernando, the Saint Prince was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Duarte died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.

Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly infante, he wrote the treatises O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) and Livro Da Ensinanca De Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela (The Art of Riding on Every Saddle) as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

Edward of Portugal

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Edward (Portuguese: Duarte, pronounced [du%CB%88a%C9%BEt(%C9%A8)]; Viseu, 31 October 1391 – Tomar, 13 September 1438), called the Philosopher or the Eloquent, was the eleventh King of Portugal and the Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death. He was the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt. His was named in honor of his great-grandfather, King Edward III of England.

As an infante, Duarte always followed his father, King João I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese capture of the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Duarte called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Henry the Navigator who founded a "school" of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the northwestern coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.

The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their new destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.

In 1437, his brothers, Henry (Henrique) and Fernando, persuaded Duarte to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and Infante João were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother, Fernando, the Saint Prince was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Duarte died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.

Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly infante, he wrote the treatises O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) and Livro Da Ensinanca De Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela (The Art of Riding on Every Saddle) as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

[edit]

Edward, Portuguese: Duarte, pronounced [du%CB%88a%C9%BEt(%C9%A8)]; Viseu, (31 October 1391 – 13 September 1438 in Tomar), called the Philosopher or the Eloquent, was the eleventh King of Portugal and the Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death. He was the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt. His was named in honor of his great-grandfather, King Edward III of England.

As an infante, Duarte always followed his father, King João I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese capture of the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Duarte called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Henry the Navigator who founded a "school" of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the northwestern coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.

The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their new destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.

In 1437, his brothers, Henry (Henrique) and Fernando, persuaded Duarte to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra and Infante João were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Duarte's youngest brother, Fernando, the Saint Prince was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Duarte died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.

Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly infante, he wrote the treatises O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) and Livro Da Ensinanca De Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela (The Art of Riding on Every Saddle) as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

http://genealogy.euweb.cz/capet/capet53.html#LDu

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_of_Portugal

Edward, Portuguese: Duarte (Portuguese pronunciation: [du%CB%88a%C9%BEt(%C9%A8)]; 31 October 1391 in Viseu – 9 September 1438 in Tomar), called the Philosopher or the Eloquent, was the eleventh King of Portugal and the Algarve and second Lord of Ceuta from 1433 until his death. He was the son of John I of Portugal and his wife, Philippa of Lancaster, a daughter of John of Gaunt. His was named in honor of his great-grandfather, King Edward III of England.

As an infante, Edward always followed his father, King John I, in the affairs of the kingdom. He was knighted in 1415, after the Portuguese capture of the city of Ceuta in North Africa, across from Gibraltar. He became king in 1433 when his father died of the plague and he soon showed interest in internal consensus. During his short reign of five years, Edward called the Cortes (the national assembly) no less than five times to discuss internal affairs and politics. He also followed the politics of his father concerning the maritime exploration of Africa. He encouraged and financed his famous brother, Henry the Navigator who founded a "school" of maritime navigation at Sagres and who initiated many expeditions. Among these, that of Gil Eanes in 1434 first rounded Cape Bojador on the northwestern coast of Africa, leading the way for further exploration southward along the African coast.

The colony at Ceuta rapidly became a drain on the Portuguese treasury and it was realised that without the city of Tangier, possession of Ceuta was worthless. When Ceuta was lost to the Portuguese, the camel caravans that were part of the overland trade routes began to use Tangier as their new destination. This deprived Ceuta of the materials and goods that made it an attractive market and a vibrant trading locale, and it became an isolated community.

In 1437, his brothers, Henry and Ferdinand, persuaded him to launch an attack on Morocco in order to get a better African base for future Atlantic exploration. The expedition was not unanimously supported: Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra and Infante John were both against the initiative; they preferred to avoid conflict with the king of Morocco. They proved to be right. The resulting attack on Tangier was successful, but at a great cost of men. Edward's youngest brother, Ferdinand the Saint Prince, was captured, kept as a hostage, and he died later in captivity in Fez. Edward died soon after the Tangier attack of the plague, like his father and mother (and her mother) before him.

Another less political side of Duarte's personality is related to culture. A reflective and scholarly infante, he wrote the treatises O Leal Conselheiro (The Loyal Counsellor) and Livro Da Ensinanca De Bem Cavalgar Toda Sela (The Art of Riding on Every Saddle) as well as several poems. He was in the process of revising the Portuguese law code when he died.

Marriages and descendants

Edward married Eleanor of Aragon, a daughter of Ferdinand I of Aragon and Eeanor of Castile, in 1428.

1. By Eleanor of Aragon (Queen of Portugal) (c. 1402-19 February 1445); married on 22 September 1428)

Infante John October 1429 b. 14 August 1433 Crown Prince of Portugal (1429-1433).

Infanta Philippa 27 November 1430 24 March 1439

Prince Afonso 15 January 1432 28 August 1481 Who succeeded him as Afonso V, King of Portugal.

Infanta Maria 7 December 1432 8 December 1432

Prince Ferdinand 17 November 1433 18 September 1470 Duke of Viseu. He was declared heir to his brother Afonso V for two brief periods, and therefore used the style of Prince instead of Infante. He was the father of future king Manuel I.

Infanta Eleanor 18 September 1434 3 September 1467 Holy Roman Empress by marriage to Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.

Infante Edward 12 July 1435 12 July 1435

Infanta Catherine 26 November 1436 17 June 1463

Infanta Joan 20 March 1439 13 June 1475 Queen of Castile by marriage to King Henry IV of Castile.

2. By Joana Manuel de Vilhena (c. 1395-?)

João Manuel c. 1416 1476 Natural son. Bishop of Guarda. Ancestor of the Marquis of Tancos/Counts of Atalaia.

Eduardas I Avisas (1391 m. spalio 31 d. Vizėjuje – 1438 m. rugsėjo 13 d. Tomare) – Portugalijos karalius (nuo 1433 m.).

Biografija

Jono I sūnus.

Valdymas

1434 m. paskelbė karaliaus žemes nedalomas ir neparduodamas (įstatymas palengvino karaliaus dovanotų žemių susigrąžinimą, jis galiojo iki 1832 m.). Dvaro istoriku paskyrė F. Lopesą, kurio kronikos yra vienas svarbiausių vid. amžių Portugalijos ist. šaltinių. Rėmė savo brolį Henriką Jūrininką, kuris suplanavo užjūrio užkariavimus ir padėjo pagrindus Portugalijos imperijai. 1437 m. surengė nesėkmingą karo žygį prieš maurus į Maroką. Mirė nuo maro.[1] Šeima ir vaikai

Nuo 1428 metais vedė Eleonorą Aragonietę (apie 1402—1445), Aragono karaliaus Ferdinando I dukterį. Vaikai:

   Žoao (1429—1433);

   Filipa (1430—1439);

   Afonsu V (1432—1481), Portugalijos karalius;

   Marija (1432);

   Fernandu (1433—1470), Vizeu hercogas;

   Eleonora (1434—1467), Šventosios Romos imperijos imperatoriaus Frydricho III žmona;

   Duartė (1435);

   Katerina (1436—1463);

   Žuana (1439—1475), Kastilijos karaliaus Henriko IV žmona.