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Axel Oxenstierna var Sveriges ledande statsman (politiker) under kung Gustav II Adolf och drottning Kristina. Under hans ledning gjordes den svenska statsförvaltningen om helt och hållet, och mycket består än i dag.

Axel tillhörde ättens Södermöre-gren och var bror till Gabriel Oxenstierna. Från 1609 tillhörde han riksrådet; vid Karl IX:s död 1611 framstod han som rådsaristokratins ledare och hävdade med kraft dess intressen under Gustav Adolfs omyndighet. I landets svåra läge inledde han och kungen sitt fruktbara samarbete. Förvaltningen omorganiserades, och rikets alla resurser mobiliserades för den aktiva utrikespolitik som kulminerade i Sveriges ingripande i trettioåriga kriget. Han bistod kungen effektivt inom administration och utrikespolitik, vid fredsförhandlingarna i Knäred 1613, i giftermålsförhandlingar och han ledde de för Sverige lyckosamma svensk-polska stilleståndsförhandlingarna i Altmark 1629.

Åren 1626-1631 styrde Oxenstierna det ockuperade Ostpreussen, där han genom hamntullarna skaffade medel till det fortsatta kriget i Tyskland. Intressena i öster såg han som i vissa avseenden viktigare än inblandningen i trettioåriga kriget. Det var emellertid denna expansionspolitik som förenade högadeln och kungamakten: man hoppades att adelns politiska och ekonomiska ambitioner skulle kunna tillfredsställas genom landförvärv och nya inkomstkällor både för den och för staten, för att inte tala om ren plundring. Inför dessa utsikter (som hindrade att adel och kungamakt åter hamnade på kollisionskurs, som på Karl IX:s tid) fick de långsiktiga strategiska behoven vika. Denna politiska dubbelhet - oförmågan att prioritera antingen "östpolitiken" eller "sydpolitiken" - bestod under hela stormaktstiden och blev ödesdiger under Karl XII.

Vid Gustav Adolfs död 1632 befann sig Oxenstierna i Frankfurt am Main som chef för den svenska förvaltningen i sydvästra Tyskland. Efter kungens död vid slaget vid Lützen övertog Oxenstierna ledningen, och tack vare hans diplomatiska skicklighet, som bl a säkrade stödet från Frankrike, och Johan Banérs och Lennart Torstenssons militära förmåga kunde kriget segerrikt fullföljas.

Fastän han var ledare för Kristinas förmyndarregering stannade han i Tyskland till 1646; han blev den erkänt främste bland Kristinas förmyndare. Hans politik gick ut på att skaffa Sverige "satisfaktion", dvs. utdelning på sin krigsinsats i trettioåriga kriget. Truppernas framfart i Tyskland gjorde Oxenstierna till en skräckfigur där. In i vår tid sjöng mödrar för sina barn: Bet, Kindlein, bet! Morgen kommt der Schwed'. Morgen kommt der Ochsenstern . . . (Bed, lilla barn, bed! I morgon kommer svensken. I morgon kommer Oxenstierna . . .). Freden i Brömsebro 1645 och westfaliska freden 1648 var framgångar för Oxenstierna, även om de adliga ambitionerna inte helt tillfredsställdes. Genom westfaliska freden 1648 säkrades Sveriges stormaktsställning.

Arbetet på att bygga ut förvaltningen fullföljdes i anslutning till 1634 års regeringsform och efter de riktlinjer som dragits upp under Gustav II Adolfs tid. 1634 års regeringsform, som var höjdpunkten i rådets och högadelns maktsträvanden, var författad av Oxenstierna, som alltså anslog tonen i Kristinas adelsvänliga styre. Ändå kom han alltmer på kant med drottningen, som såg sin egen makt kringskuren av honom och hans ståndsbröder, och hans inflytande minskade från 1646. Kristinas tronavsägelse sökte han förgäves hindra. Efter hennes tronavsägelse fick han under Karl X Gustav åter visst inflytande men avled kort därefter.

Axel Oxenstierna har kallats "Sveriges främste statsman nedanför tronen". Sin största betydelse för eftervärlden har likväl Oxenstierna som den svenska statsförvaltningens verklige grundare. Sveriges byråkratiska tradition går obruten tillbaka till honom, och hans förvaltningssystem med dess kollegier bestod i stort sett oförändrat ända in på 1800-talet.

Han lät uppföra Tidö slott och är begravd i sockenkyrkan i Jäder, som ligger närmast Fiholm. Han tilldelades av drottning Kristina, efter att fredsförhandlingarna i Brömsebro slutförts, grevskapet Södermöre (Södra Möre), gränshäradet i Småland som sträcker sig fram till Brömsebro. Grevskapet omfattade 11 socknar med totalt 610 hemman, som beräknades ge en årlig inkomst på 15000 daler silvermynt.

Om ätten Oxenstierna:

Oxenstierna är en adlig ätt med en oxpanna (tyska Ochsenstirn) i vapnet, känd sedan 1292 och friherrlig sedan 1561, introducerad på Riddarhuset 1625 under namnet Oxenstierna af Eka och Lindö.

Till denna ätt hörde även Axel Oxenstierna, som blev stamfar för den sedan 1645 grevliga och 1706 utdöda gren som på Riddarhuset kallats Oxenstierna af Södermöre. Den i Sverige fortlevande grenen är ätten Oxenstierna af Korsholm och Wasa, grevlig 1651. Fideikommiss: Värnberg i Uppland.

(Källa: Gunnar Wetterberg - Kanslern Axel Oxenstierna)

"Jag är med arbete födder, haver med arbete levat och måste med arbete dö".

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Oxenstierna

Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna af Södermöre (Swedish: [%CB%88%CA%8Aks%C9%9Bn%CB%8C%C9%A7%C3%A6%CB%90rna] ( listen); 1583 – 1654), Count of Södermöre, was a Swedish statesman. He became a member of the Swedish Privy Council in 1609 and served as Lord High Chancellor of Sweden from 1612 until his death. He was a confidant of first Gustavus Adolphus and then Queen Christina.

Oxenstierna is widely considered one of the most influential people in Swedish history. He played an important role during the Thirty Years' War and was appointed Governor-General of occupied Prussia; he also laid the foundations of Swedish central government administration.

Early life and education

Oxenstierna was born on June 16, 1583, at Fånö in Uppland, the son of Gustaf Gabrielsson Oxenstierna (1551–1597) and Barbro Axelsdotter Bielke (1556–1624). He was the oldest of nine siblings. After the death of her husband Gustaf, Axel's mother Barbro decided to let Axel and his brothers Christer and Gustaf finish their studies abroad. Thus, the brothers received their education at the universities of Rostock, Wittenberg and Jena. On returning home in 1603 he took up an appointment as kammarjunkare to King Charles IX of Sweden.

One of Oxenstierna's more unusual intellectual qualifications was his knowledge of the Scots language, reflecting the importance of the Scottish expatriate community in Sweden at that time. As Chancellor, he would regularly receive correspondence in Scots from his agent Sir James Spens, and he ventured into the language himself for an official letter to his Scottish counterpart, the Earl of Loudoun.

Career

1606–1611: Becoming diplomat and Privy Councillor

In 1606 he undertook his first diplomatic mission, to Mecklenburg and other German royal courts. While on diplomatic duty abroad, Oxenstierna gained appointment to the Privy Council (Riksrådet). Henceforth, Oxenstierna became one of the king's most trusted servants. In 1609 he travelled to Reval (present day Tallinn, on King Charles's behalf, to receive tributes from the city of Reval and the Estonian knighthood. Together with other councillors, Oxenstierna tried to warn the king of Denmark and the intentions of Danish King Christian IV. In 1610, Oxenstierna travelled to Copenhagen with the aim of preventing war with the neighbours, but unsuccessfully. The following year, Danish forces crossed the border, initiating the Kalmar War. In the fall of 1611, King Charles died. Around New Year 1611–12, the parliament had to deal with the situation. According to the rules, the 17-year-old Gustavus Adolphus had not reached the proper age to be considered adult enough to rule as king. However, the estates agreed to disregard those rules. In return, the young king agreed to ensure the nobles further privileges and appoint Axel Oxenstierna Lord High Chancellor.

1612–1629: Becoming Lord High Chancellor and Governor-General

On 6 January 1612 Oxenstierna became Lord High Chancellor (Rikskansler) of the Privy Council. His controlling, organizing hand soon became apparent in every branch of the administration.[6] Sweden was at the time troubled by three wars against Denmark (Kalmar War), Poland-Lithuania (Polish-Swedish War) and Russia (Ingrian War). Oxenstierna's first big task as Chancellor was to achieve peace in some of the wars. The war against Denmark was considered the most dangerous of the three as the enemy controlled parts of Sweden itself. Negotiations began in Knäred and Oxenstierna was first Swedish plenipotentiary. The negotiations led to the Treaty of Knäred in 1613. For his efforts regarding these negotiations, Oxenstierna received the title of district judge in the hundred of Snävringe and, eventually, the barony of Kimito.

During the frequent absences of Gustavus in Livonia and in Finland (1614–1616) Oxenstierna acted as his viceroy. One assignment Oxenstierna received while the king was in Livonia, was the task to finalize the negotiations regarding the marriage of John Casimir and the king's sister, Princess Catharina. At the coronation of Gustavus Adolphus, in October 1617, Oxenstierna was knighted. In 1620 he headed the embassy dispatched to Berlin to arrange the nuptial contract between Gustavus and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg. During the king's Russian and Polish wars he had the principal duty of supplying the armies and the fleets with everything necessary, including men and money. Oxenstierna's ways of carrying out his assignments apparently gained King Gustavus's appreciation, since the king, in 1622, asked Oxenstierna to accompany him to Livonia and appointed him Governor-General and commandant of Riga, a strategically important town during the on-going war against Poland. His services in Livonia gained him the reward of four castles (among others Burtnieki and Valmiera) and the whole bishopric of Wenden. Entrusted with the peace negotiations which led to the truce with Poland in 1623, he succeeded in averting a threatened rupture with Denmark in 1624. The Polish-Swedish War was reinitiated in 1626, and on 7 October that year, Oxenstierna became Governor-General in the newly-acquired Swedish possession of Prussia. In 1629 he concluded the advantageous Truce of Altmark with Poland-Lithuania. Prior to this, in September 1628, he arranged a joint occupation of Stralsund with Denmark in order to prevent that important fortress from falling into the hands of the Imperialists.

Oxenstierna was not only highly successful within the diplomacy. During these years, he was entrusted with various important assignments in which he succeeded, such as gathering money and troops for the attack in Prussia in 1626. He played the leading organizational and administrational role in Prussia, as he had done earlier in Livonia. He was in charge of, for example, tolls, fortifications and the entire state grain trade. During the latter part of the 1620s, Elbląg (German: Elbing), where Oxenstierna resided and from where he governed the Swedish parts of Prussia, became a major Swedish centre of power, second only to Stockholm.

1630–1636: Oxenstierna in the Thirty Years' War

When Sweden entered the Thirty Years' War in the summer of 1630, tolls from Oxenstierna-controlled Prussia, as well as food supplies acquired by Oxenstierna, were pivotal assets. He had also obtained credits from foreign businessmen, ensuring large sums of money making it possible to buy mercenary soldiers to the army used in Germany.

After the Battle of Breitenfeld on 7 September 1631, Oxenstierna received a summons to assist the king with his counsels and co-operation in Germany. During the king's absence in Franconia and Bavaria in 1632 he held the appointment of legatus in the Rhineland, with plenipotentiary authority over all the German generals and princes in the Swedish service. Although he never fought a battle, he frustrated all the efforts of the Spanish troops by using strategically successful regulations. He managed to conduct large reinforcements to King Gustavus through the heart of Germany in the summer of 1632.

In the Battle of Lützen (1632), on 6 November 1632, Gustavus Adolphus died. This meant that Oxenstierna became supreme commander of the Swedish troops in Germany, although he let his subordinate generals be responsible for the military operations on a lower level. He moved his headquarters to Mainz, which in practice became the new Swedish capital. Oxenstierna was now absolute ruler of the significant area that the Swedish army had conquered in Germany. He was offered the position as prince-elector of Mainz, but, after serious considerations, the offer was turned down.

When King Gustavus died in November 1632, his only legitimate and surviving child, Christina, was almost six years old. Until her declaration of majority at 18, a regency council ruled Sweden. This council was headed by Lord High Chancellor Oxenstierna. During the years after the king's death, it became apparent that differences of opinion existed within the council. Some of Oxenstierna's colleagues recommended that Sweden should seek peace and withdraw from the war in Germany, not least after the defeat at Nördlingen in 1634. However, Oxenstierna's opinion, that Sweden should remain in the war to ensure compensation for the sacrifices made, prevailed. The, for the Swedish side, disastrous outcome at Nördlingen brought him, for an instant, to the verge of ruin and compelled him for the first time so far to depart from his policy of independence as to solicit direct assistance from France. But, well aware that Richelieu needed the Swedish armies as much as he himself needed money, he refused at the Conference of Compiègne in 1635 to bind his hands in the future for the sake of some slight present relief. In 1636, nevertheless, he concluded a fresh subsidy-treaty with France at Wismar. Swedish troops remained in Germany all the way until 1648 and the Thirty Years' War's end. Oxenstierna, however, left Germany and returned to Stockholm in 1636, after ten years duty as premier Swedish representative in Prussia and Germany.

1636–1654: Back in Sweden

Oxenstierna more directly claimed his place within the regency of Queen Christina and became the young queen's teacher in statesmanship. His presence at home dominated all opposition, and such was the general confidence for Oxentierna, that for the next nine years his voice, especially as regarded foreign affairs, remained omnipotent in the Privy Council.

The Torstenson War

In May 1643, the Swedish Privy Council decided to attack Denmark. The Torstenson War was at large parts the work of Oxenstierna. The purpose was to gain territories from Denmark and be released from the Danish Sound Dues. Other factors might have been a will to revenge the tough peace treaty of Knäred in 1613. Whatever the reason, Oxenstierna regarded the time was right to finally settle the score with Denmark. Swedish troops led by Field Marshal Lennart Torstensson attacked Danish Jutland from Germany, while Field Marshal Gustav Horn was in charge of the troops that attacked Scania. The outcome of the war was decided in the naval battle of Fehmarn Belt in 1644 where the Royal Swedish Navy decisively defeated the Danish Navy. The defeat of the Danish Navy left the Danish isles open to a Swedish invasion, and Denmark sued for peace. Oxenstierna was personally involved in the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Brömsebro, with which Sweden gained Gotland, Saaremaa (Ösel), Jämtland, Härjedalen and for thirty years Halland. Shortly after the peace treaty, Oxenstierna was created Count of Södermöre.

Queen Christina and her abdication

When Christina came of age, she tried to push Oxenstierna, her old mentor, aside. The relations between the two were not good and Oxenstierna always attributed the exiguousness of Sweden's gains by the Peace of Westphalia following the conference in Osnabrück to Christina's undue interference, which merely gave Sweden Pomerania, Usedom, Wollin, Wismar and Bremen-Verden. When the queen a few years later wanted to abdicate, Oxenstierna at first opposed this because he feared mischief to Sweden from the unruly and adventurous disposition of her appointed successor, Charles X Gustav. The chancellor changed his mind about Charles Gustav, and decided to give Christina the help she needed to go through with her abdication. A couple of months after the ascent of the new king, Oxenstierna died.

Death

Oxenstierna died in Stockholm on August 28, 1654. He was interred in Storkyrkan, Stockholm on March 18, 1655. His body was then moved to Jäders kyrka in Eskilstuna Municipality, where a vault had been built in accordance with his wishes. In the vault, Oxenstiernska gravvalvet, several members of the Oxenstierna family have been buried, including Axel and his spouse Anna.

Personal life

Family

On June 5, 1608, Axel Oxenstierna married Anna Åkesdotter Bååt, the daughter of nobleman Åke Johansson Bååt and Christina Trolle. The wedding took place at Fiholm Castle, owned by the Oxenstierna family. Axel and Anna had 13 children, of which five survived their childhoods. Gustaf (1609–1629), the oldest child, became a chamberlain. Johan (1611–1657), the second son to receive that name (the first died as an infant) became a privy councillor. Twin sisters Catharina (1612–1661) and Christina (1612–1631), married noblemen; Catharina was the spouse of Johan Jespersson Cruus and Christina married Field Marshal and Lord High Constable Gustav Horn. The youngest child, Erik (1624–1656), served as a Lord High Chancellor after the death of his father Axel in 1654. Axel Oxenstierna's wife Anna died in 1649.

Properties

Oxenstierna was in possession of large estates and many mansions. During his life he owned palaces in, among others, Estonian Otepää, in Livonian Burtnieki, Ropaži and Valmiera, in Finnish Nousiainen (Nousis) and in Stockholm (Oxenstiernska Palace). The foremost of the mansions was Tidö Palace in Västmanland.

Impact and legacy

The modernization of Sweden

Axel Oxenstierna is perhaps most remembered for the establishment of a uniform administrative system. He was ever-present during the vast reforms of the 1610s and 1620s, when the Swedish government was hugely modernized and made more effective. This was necessary for the war policies that would build the Swedish Empire. Among the areas reformed were army and navy organization and recruiting, trade and industrial policies, regional and local administration, the system of higher education, and the judicial system.

Relationship with King Gustavus Adolphus

Oxenstierna would not have had such an impact unless he had won the king's trust. From 1612, when Oxenstierna was appointed Lord High Chancellor, until 1632, when King Gustavus Adolphus died, the two men struck a long and successful partnership. They seem to have complemented each other. With Oxenstierna's own words, his "cool" balanced the king's "heat". More than once, the chancellor had to realize plans of the king, plans that sometimes were highly spontaneous and far from ready to be implemented in reality. When it came to entering the Thirty Year's War, Oxenstierna was not as enthusiastic as the king, but since the king's will was decisive, Oxenstierna accommodated himself to Gustavus's wish. At times, Oxenstierna stepped in to ease tense relations that the harsh behaviour of the king had caused. He regularly received the highest praise for his work from the king and there was almost no area in which King Gustavus did not consult his Lord High Chancellor Oxenstierna.

The mind behind the Instrument of Government of 1634

The Chancellor made large contributions to the Standing orders of the House of Knights (riddarhusordning) of 1626. After the death of Gustavus Adolphus, Oxenstierna was the mind behind the Instrument of Government of 1634, in which, for example, the organization of the five Great Officers of the Realm was clarified. Five governmental branches, of which the Great Officers became heads, were established. Oxenstierna pushed through the Instrument of Government, but not without opposition. He claimed that the new form of government reflected the will of the late King Gustavus, making himself the interpreter of the king's thoughts and wishes, and leaving the opposition no possibility to control the truth in this.

Opinions

Oxenstierna is regarded as a brilliant pragmatist, willing to reconsider his positions. There are examples of discussions within the Privy Council when Oxenstierna rejected laws he himself had earlier introduced, admitting that he knew better now. His way of examining, reconsidering, testing, and sometimes rejecting his earlier opinions constitutes his legacy more than his ideas on particular points of policy.

When he discovered that there were too few young noblemen to staff governmental positions, he worked to make it easier for boys outside the noble families to gain higher education, and gave them the possibility, eventually, to be raised to the nobility themselves. He could therefore be considered the father of Swedish meritocracy.

Oxenstierna was also a supporter of mercantilism and a believer in immigration and free enterprise.

Opinions about Oxenstierna

Dutch jurist and philosopher Hugo Grotius considered Oxenstierna "the greatest man of the century". French Cardinal Richelieu called him "an inexhaustible source of fine advice", while Richelieu's successor, Cardinal Mazarin, said that if all ministers of Europe were on the same ship, the helm would be handed to Oxenstierna. Pope Urban VIII claimed that Oxenstierna was one of the most excellent men the world had seen.

Quotation

"Do you not know, my son, with how little wisdom the world is governed?" (in a letter to his son Johan written in 1648, in the original Latin An nescis, mi fili, quantilla prudentia mundus regatur?). Although attributed to Cardinal Richelieu as well, this is probably the most famous Swedish quotation in the English-speaking world. The words were intended to encourage his son, a delegate to the negotiations that would lead to the Peace of Westphalia, who worried about his ability to hold his own amidst experienced and eminent statesmen and diplomats.

Axel Oxenstierna

Axel Oxenstierna oli valtakunnankansleri Kustaa II Aadolfin aikana ja Ruotsin historian merkittävimpiä valtiomiehiä.

Axel Oxenstierna kuului merkittävään ja vanhaan ylhäisaatelissukuun. Hän oli 28-vuotias valtaneuvos, kun Kustaa II Aadolf nousi 17-vuotiaana valtaistuimelle. Kustaa II Aadolf nimitti Oxenstiernan valtakunnankansleriksi. He olivat läheisiä ystäviä ja yhteistyökumppaneita ja tekivät yhdessä useita tärkeitä uudistuksia, jotka nostivat Ruotsin suurvallaksi. Oxenstierna oli luonteeltaan kuningasta tasapainottava, harkitseva ja jarruttava, kun kuningas itse oli kiihkeä. Niinpä Oxenstierna oli haluton hyökkäyssotiin, joita kuningas usein suunnitteli. Oxenstierna korosti valtiopäivien merkitystä kuninkaanvallan rinnalla. Siitä huolimatta hän oli monarkisti, joka kannatti vahvaa kuningasvaltaa.

Kustaa II Aadolfin kuoltua taistelussa vuonna 1632 otti Oxenstierna kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan johdon itselleen. Muutenkin Oxenstierna oli kuningatar Kristiinan kauden alkupuolella käytännössä Ruotsin hallitsija. Vuonna 1634 Oxenstierna ajoi läpi hallitusmuotouudistuksen, joka määritteli käytännössä hänet itsensä holhoojahallitsijaksi Kristiinan alaikäisyyden ajalle ja jonka vaikutus oli hallintoa modernisoiva.

Kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan aikana Oxenstierna kykeni selvittämään vaikeat ongelmat, joita olivat Ruotsin heikko taloudellinen tilanne, lisääntyneet vaikeudet säilyttää liittolaisuus saksalaisten protestanttien kanssa, Ranskan sekaantuminen sotaan ja ristiriidat oman sodanjohdon kanssa. Vuonna 1648 solmittu Westfalenin rauha sinetöi Ruotsin suurvalta-aseman.

Kuningatar Kristiinan ja Oxenstiernan välit olivat alkaneet heiketä kuningattaren epäiltyä Oxenstiernan käyttävän hyväkseen hänen ikäänsä ja sukupuoltaan. Tultuaan täysi-ikäiseksi 1644 Kristiina aloitti Oxenstiernaa vastaan suunnatut operaatiot. Oxenstierna ei monarkistina voinut asettua Kristiinaa vastaan, eikä hänen valtansa enää noussut aiempiin mittoihin, vaikka avoin konflikti kuningattaren kanssa saatiinkin soviteltua.

Lentäväksi lauseeksi ovat muodostuneet Oxenstiernan sanat: “Poikani, kunpa tietäisit, miten vähällä järjellä tätä maailmaa hallitaan.” Alun perin lainaus kuuluu latinaksi: “An nescis, mi fili, quantilla prudentia mundus regatur.” Tällä hän halusi rohkaista poikaansa, joka edusti Ruotsia kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan päättäneissä rauhanneuvotteluissa ja epäili omia kykyjään kokeneiden valtiomiesten ja diplomaattien seurassa. Jälkipolvi kuitenkin on kuullut lausahduksessa vanhan valtioviisaan pettyneen huokauksen.

Oxenstierna sai 1621 Kustaa II Adolfilta kruununläänityksenä suomesta Kemiön. Samalla kuningas myönsi oikeuden perustaa alueelle Kemiön vapaaherrakunnan kaupungin. Kaupunkia ei kuitenkaan koskaan perustettu. Siihen liitettiin vuonna 1619 Nousiaisten Nyynäisten vapaaherrakunta ja vuonna 1627 vielä 11 kemiöläistä tilaa. Se oli siinä vaiheessa 300 manttaalin suuruinen. Se peruutettiin 1680. Laajimmillaan sen suurus oli 348 manttaalia.

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Axel Gustafsson Oxenstierna, greve Oxenstierna af Södermöre, till Södermöre, Kalmar län, friherre till Kimito samt Nynäs i Nousis herre till Fiholm i Jäders socken, Södermanlands län samt Tidö i Ryttems socken, Västmanlands län.

Född 1583-06-16 Fånö. Student i Rostock 1599, i Wittenberg 1600 och i Jena 1601-1603.

Kammarjunkare hos konung Carl IX 1605. Legat till hertigarna av Mecklenburg s. å. Riksråd 1609. Legat till Danmark 1610. Lagman i hela Norrland 1611. De k. barnens förmyndare samt huvudman för regeringen efter Carl IX:s död s. å. Rikskansler 1612. Lagman jämväl över Jämtland s. å. Legat till fredstraktaten i Knäröd 1613. Häradshövding i Snävringe härad i Västmanland s. å.

Åter legat till Danmark 1614. Riddare 1617 konung Gustaf II Adolfs kröning. Såsom rikskansler den första president i kanslikollegium 1626. Generalguvernör, hövidsman för krigsfolket samt fullmyndig legat i Preussen och alla där erövrade länder s. å.

Legat och överdirektör över svenska armén vid Rhen samt där förefallande civilsaker 1631. Fick 1632 efter konungens död vård om svenska angelägenheterna i Tyskland. Evangeliska förbundets i Tyskland direktor 1633. En av drottning Christinas förmyndare. Legat till fredsunderhandlingarna i Brömsebro 1645. Lagman jämväl i Härjedalen s. å.

Greve 1645-11-19 med Södra Möre härad i Småland till grevskap s. å. (introd. 1647 under n:o 4).

Död 1654-08-28 i Stockholm samt jordfäst 1655-03-18 med stor ståt och i konung Carl X Gustafs närvaro i Storkyrkan, varifrån hans lik sedermera fördes till det av honom byggda gravkor vid Jäders kyrka, varest hans sondotters son, greve Axel Gabr. Oxenstierna af Croneborg lät över honom uppsätta ett präktigt marmorepitafium med latinsk inskrift:

"Han är den store statsmannen Axel Oxenstierna, den store konungen Gustaf II Adolfs vän och rådgivare samt den förnämste styresmannen av Sveriges angelägenheter, synnerligast i Tyskland, efter konungens död och till drottning Christinas äntrade till regeringen. Vann under sin studietid i Tyskland fullkomlig färdighet uti att tala och skriva latin och tyska samt studerade med förkärlek teologi, för vilken vetenskap han sedermera hela sin levnad bibehöll ett särdeles tycke. Hemkom 1603 till Sverige på konung Carl IX:s allmänna kallelse för utrikes vistande svenska adelsmän. Blev det nionde riksrådet i rätt nedstigande linje av sin ätt. Var 1611 den 30 okt. tillstädes i Nyköping vid nämnda konungs dödsbädd. Avrådde vid sin utnämning 1612 till rikskansler konung Gustaf II Adolf från hårdhet emot adeln. Fick 1614 vid riksdagen i Örebro av bemälde konung såsom manslän sju bol i Kimito socken till friherrskap, vartill 1619 lades Nynäs gård till en förbättring samt 1627 ytterligare elva bol i Kimito socken till friherrskap för hans äldste son, vid vars död följande år även denna del av socknen tillföll faderns friherreskap. Avslöt 1614 heijraths-(giftermåls-) kontraktet mellan prinsessan Catharina och pfalzgreve Johan Casimir samt likaledes 1620 i Berlin giftermålskontraktet mellan konung Gustaf II Adolf och prinsessan Maria Eleonora, vilken han sjöledes hemförde till Sverige. Bar vid nämnda konungs kröning riksäpplet och kreerade vid samma tillfälle fyra teologie doktorer. Hemskickades 1626 från Preussen att besörja om änkedrottning Christinas begravning. Erbjöds 1627 av konungen furstlig värdighet, men vägrade att mottaga densamma. Blev 1634 av en del av tyska riksständerna utsedd till kurfurste av Mainz, vilket han dock s. å. vedersakade, likasom han sedermera undanbad sig den av drottning Christina erbjudna hertigtiteln. Kom 1646 efter 10 års frånvaro och sedan han ställt sakerna i Tyskland på en förmånlig fot, åter till riket samt emottogs av ständerna med mycken vördnadsbetygelse. Bar ävenledes vid drottning Christinas kröning år 1650 riksäpplet. Förekom genom sina föreställningar hos drottningen verkställigheten av de tre ofrälse ståndens påstående om reduktion av kronogodsen, varigenom han kom i prästeståndets ogunst. Avstyrkte högligen drottningens föresats att till sin efterträdare utnämna hertig Carl Gustaf, vilken det oaktat, då han blev konung, yttrade mycket förtroende emot honom, kallande honom sin fader, sin bästa vän och sin förnämsta rådgivare. Förebar opasslighet och var ej tillstädes vid drottning Christinas avsägelse. Har givit ett i Mainz taget bibliotek till Västerås gymnasium. Hans arbeten uppräknas i von Stiernmans Biblioth. Sviogoth., tom. 2, pag. 39." 

Gift 1608-06-05 på Fiholm med Anna Åkesdotter (Bååt), född 1579-12-00. Uppvaktade först i hertig Carls första gemåls hov, sedan i drottning Catharina Stenbocks. Död 1649-06-23 i Stockholm och begraven s. å. 21/10 i mannens uppbyggda grav i Jäders kyrka, dotter av Åke Johansson Bååt och Christina Trolle.

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