Chief Attakullakulla "Little Carpenter", Cherokee Emissary to England

Attakullakulla (ca. 1708–ca. 1777) or Atagulkalu (Cherokee, Ata-gul' kalu) — known to whites as Little Carpenter — was First Beloved Man of the Cherokee Indians from 1761 to around 1775

Family

• parents: unknown
• Husband of NN Partner (or partners) of Attakullakulla

His children were:

• Chief Tai-Ya-Gansi-Ni "Dragging Canoe", Principal Chief
• “Little Owl”
• “The Badger”
• Sa-li-gu-gi Wo-he-le-nv "Turtle at Home"

Biography

http://www.cherokee.org/About-The-Nation/History/Chiefs/Atakullakulla
Atakullakulla (A-da-gul-ka-lu)

Attakullakulla (ca. 1708–ca. 1777) or Atagulkalu (Cherokee, Ata-gul' kalu) — known to whites as Little Carpenter — was First Beloved Man of the Cherokee Indians from 1761 to around 1775. Dragging Canoe, war leader of the Cherokee during the Chickamauga wars, was his son.

According to James Mooney, Attakullakulla's Cherokee name could be translated "leaning wood", from "ada" meaning "wood", and "gulkalu", a verb that implies something long and unsupported, leaning against some other object. His name "Little Carpenter" derived from the English meaning of his Cherokee name along with a reference to his physical stature.

According to one of his sons, Turtle-at-Home, Attakullakulla was originally a member of a subtribe of the Algonquin Nipissing in the north captured as an infant during a raid and adopted by a minor chief.

He was a member of the Cherokee delegation that traveled to England in 1730. In 1736, he rejected the advances of the French, who sent emissaries to the Overhill Cherokee. Three or four years later, he was captured by the Ottawa, allies of the French, who held him captive in Canada until 1748. Upon his return, he became one of the Cherokees' leading diplomats and an adviser to the Beloved Man of Chota.

In May 1759, following a series of attacks by settlers and Cherokees against each other, Attakullakulla joined a delegation that went to Charleston to try to negotiate with South Carolina authorities. Governor William Henry Lyttleton seized the delegates as hostages until the Cherokees responsible for killing white settlers were surrendered. Having raised an expeditionary force, Lyttleton set out for Fort Prince George with the hostages in tow and arrived with 1700 men on December 9, 1759. Though freed soon after, Attakullakulla returned to Fort Prince George to negotiate for peace, but his efforts were thwarted by the more hawkish Oconostota. The Cherokees gave up two individuals and negotiated the release of a few hostages including Oconostota, who soon after lured Lt. Richard Coytmore out of the fort, waving a bridle over his head, and incited Cherokee warriors hiding in the woods to fire upon and kill Coytmore; white soldiers inside the fort then proceeded to murder all the Cherokees inside, and hostilities continued between the Cherokees and Anglo-Americans.

A copy of the text of a speech he made to William Byrd on July 17, 1761, may be found here: https://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw4.032_0187_0188/?sp=1

His death is believed to have occurred in 1775, after which he was succeeded by Oconostota.

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Notes

known as Ata'-gul-kalu, "Prince of Chota", Tathtowe, Tiftowe, Clogoittah, Chunconnunta, Ukwaneequa, Truconita, Chungonanta, Chugonanta Tommy, Tommy of Tenase, Occounaco, The White Owl, Chukenataa Warrior, Ookanaska, and Little Corn. There may be others.

He was mentor to Tsistuna-gis-ke "Wildrose", who became Nanye-hi the Ghighau.

http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=sandrahun...

According to James Mooney, Attakullakulla's Cherokee name could be translated "leaning wood", from "ada" meaning "wood", and "gulkalu", a verb that implies something long and unsupported, leaning against some other object. His name "Little Carpenter" derived from the English meaning of his Cherokee name along with a reference to his physical stature.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attakullakulla

Unproven family listed below

Father: White Owl Raven - An Algonquin

Mother: Nancy (called Nancy by the British) of the

Marriage 1 Nionne Ollie - of the Paint Clan

Children

  1. Has Children Dutsi Tachee -Paint Clan

2. Has Children Wurtagua - Paint Clan
3. Has Children Olli - 2 - of the Paint Clan
4. Has No Children Occunna Ocuma - The Paint Clan
5. Has No Children Ooskiah Oskuah -Paint Clan
6. Has No Children Ookoonaka Nahoola Ookoovsdi -Paint Clan
7. Has No Children Chief Savanooka Colonah - the Raven of Chota
8. Has Children Tai-ya-gansi-ni (he is) Dragging (the) Canoe b: 1730
9. Has Children Turtle at Home - 1 b: 1754
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=sandrahun...

Supporting data

Little Carpenter, Peace Chief of the Cherokee, 1699-1797

NATIVE NAME: Okoonaka Attakullakulla

ENGLISH NAME: Little Carpenter

ALTERNATE NAMES: Ata'-gul-kalu, Captain Owean Nakan, Leaning Wood, Little Corn Planter, The Civil Chief, The Peace Chief, or White Chief; Chuconnunta, Clogoittah, Prince of Chota; Tathatowe, Tiftowe Truconita, Tommy, Tommy of Tenase; Ukwaneequa and The White Owl. There may be others.

ALTERNATE SPELLINGS: Attakullakulia, Attacullaculla, Attakullaculla, Chugonanta, Chukenata; Occounaco, Ouconaco, Onacona, Ookanaska, Ookeeneka, Oukahakah, Oukounaka

MEANING OF NAMES:

   * Chuconnunta - Warrior

* Okoonaka or Onacona - White Owl
* Little Carpenter - He was called The Little Carpenter by the British, because he was small in stature (just a little over 5 foot tall), but astute in negotiating treaties to benefit his people.
* Leaning Wood - from Atagulkalu. Ata, meaning wood, and galkalu, meaning something or someone leaning.
BIRTHPLACE / DATE: 1699? (could have been as late as 1712), Big Island of the French Broad River, later called Sevier's Island, TN. He first appears in the written records of 1730.

RESIDENCE: According to his son, Turtle At Home, his father was originally a Mishwakihha, one of the divisions of the Nipissing Indians, and had been captured as an infant and adopted by the Cherokees. As a young boy he lived in the Overhill Towns which lay along the banks of the Little Tennessee and Hiwassie rivers. Later, he resided at Tellico, and Chota, E. Indian Nation, TN.

DEATH DATE / LOCATION: 1797, Nacheztown, North Carolina (now part of the state of Tennessee).

BURIAL PLACE:

MOTHER: Nancy MOYTOY, sister of Connecorte, better known as Old Hop or Standing Turkey, who was the nominal leader of the Cherokees during the 1750's. Her father was Chief Amatoya Moytoy of Chota and her mother was Quatsy, of the Wolf Clan of Tellico.

FATHER:White Owl Raven, was an Algonquin chief.

SIBLINGS: Unknown.

1ST WIFE: Nionne Ollie, of the Paint Clan, daughter of Oconostota

CHILDREN WITH WIFE #1:

   * Dragging Canoe (first child)

* Tache - same as Tarchee?
* Dutsi Tarchee (also known as Dutch), born about 1740. Dutch was the father of Major Ridge and Oowatie. Oowatie, born about 1773, married Susanna Reese.
* The Badger
* Little Owl
* Raven
* Turtle At Home
* Alexander Cameron, (an adopted white)
* John Stuart was a soldier at Fort Loudon who was adopted by Attakullakulla and who later became Superintendent of Indian Affairs.
BAND / CLAN AFFILIATIONS: Wolf Clan

SIGNIFICANT POSITIONS: Supreme Chief of the Cherokee 1760-1775

MISCELLANEOUS HISTORY:

In 1730-1735 Attakullakulla went with a small group of other Cherokees to visit London. He was the youngest of the seven who went. At that time he was called Okoonaka, the White Owl, although some English newspapers persisted in calling him Captain Owean Nakan. It is estimated he was in his early twenties when he made this trilp.

The Cherokee Indians delighted the English residents and had their own eyes broadly opened to the attributes and strengths of white civilization. When they returned home, the English traders and officials made the most of this and over the next twenty years carefully cultivated the Cherokees by offering to help whenever the Cherokees needed it.

Attakullakulla was especially responsive and in 1757 he was instrumental in persuading the Governor of South Carolina to construct Fort Loudon to strengthen England's control over the area and to encourage more trade between the Cherokee and the Eastern coastal towns. In addition, Chief Little Carpenter invited several more traders to set up headquarters in Chota and to take Cherokee wives.

White Owl was related to the family from which many Cherokee leaders were drawn and was thus destined for greatness if he showed the mettle to grasp the opportunity which circumstances presented to him. He did, and he became Attakullakulla, whose voice was influential, and often dominated in the councils of the Cherokee Nation for nearly 50 years.

Nancy Ward and Attacullaculla were known as Peace Chiefs. During times of Peace the Chiefs wore white. The war council was composed of additional chiefs that only sat on the council during times of war. During times of war the chiefs wore Red. Thus, the color white symbolized peace and the color red symbolized war.

Attakullakulla was one of the few Cherokee leaders who depended not on words but on actions to secure a following. He commanded respect beacuse of his courage and fighting ability, which he ably demontrated in 1755 by netting five French prisoners in an expedition to the Illinois-Wasbash region, and by leading the unprecedented number of five hundred warriors to a decisive victory at Taliwa over the Creeks, whom they drove out of nothern Georgia.

Most of the modern American History books say Attakullakulla fought with the Americans in the American Revolution. His son, Dragging Canoe fought on the side of the British, with the Chickamagua Cherokees.

http://www.aaanativearts.com/cherokee/little-carpenter.htm

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ATTAKULLAKULLA

ca. 1700-1780

Attakullakulla was a powerful eighteenth-century Overhill Cherokee leader who played a critical and decisive role in shaping diplomatic, trade, and military relationships with the British Colonial governments of South Carolina and Virginia for over fifty years. He effectively led and acted as the primary spokesman for the Overhill Cherokees in the 1750s and 1760s, although apparently he never attained the official title of Uko, or foremost chief, within Cherokee society. He was probably born in the early 1700s, most likely along the French Broad River. In 1730 he was one of seven Cherokees who accompanied Sir Alexander Cumming to England. From about 1743 to 1748 Attakullakulla resided as captive among the Ottawas of eastern Canada, where he was afforded considerable freedom and became well regarded among the French.

He returned to the Overhill country about 1750 and quickly became second in authority to Connecorte, or Old Hop, the Uko at Chota, who was probably his uncle. By this time, whites knew Attakullakulla as Little Carpenter. Popular stories attributed his name to his ability to construct amicable relationships with whites, but it more likely referred to his small stature and to his woodworking skills. James Mooney suggested the derivation of Attakullakulla from the words for "wood" and for "something long leaning against another object."

In the 1750s Attakullakulla negotiated repeatedly with the Virginia and South Carolina Colonies as well as the French and British traders in the Ohio Valley to improve the abundance and availability of trade goods to the Cherokees. He also argued for increased colonial military presence in the Overhill villages, which led to the construction of the Virginia Fort and Fort Loudoun near the Overhill villages in 1756. In 1759 Chief Oconastota and twenty-eight of his followers were taken hostage at Fort Prince George as the result of misunderstandings concerning a joint military action with the British against the French. Although Attakullakulla secured Oconastota's release, some of the hostages were killed; the Cherokees retaliated with the siege of Fort Loudoun. Attakullakulla worked to prevent an escalation of violence. Placing himself at great personal risk, he managed to save John Stuart from massacre along with most of the Fort's garrison. Stuart was subsequently appointed superintendent of Indian affairs south of the Ohio.

Attakullakulla remained an active leader and negotiator for the Cherokees into the 1770s. When American Revolutionary forces under the command of William Christian occupied the Overhill villages in 1776, Attakullakulla arranged for their withdrawal and played a leading role in the 1777 peace negotiated at Long Island on the Holston. His influence diminished as Dragging Canoe, his son, and other young leaders continued Cherokee resistance to the Americans. Sometime between 1780 and 1785 Attakullakulla died.

Gerald F. Schroedl, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Suggested Reading(s): David Cockran, The Cherokee Frontier: Conflict and Survival, 1740-1762 (1962); James C. Kelly, "Notable Persons in Cherokee History: Attakullakulla," Journal of Cherokee Studies 3 (1): 2-34.

http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/imagegallery.php?EntryID=A045

Attacullaculla of Chota-Tenase, Principal Chief of the Cherokee, (ca. 1708–ca. 1777), also known as Little Carpenter, was a leading chief of the Cherokee Indians from 1761 to around 1775. He was known to the British as the "Prince of Chote-Tenase", or Prince of Chota, because his grandfather, Moytoy of Chota, had been the chief of the capital city, Chota-Tanasi. His name is also spelled Attakullakulla. His son was Dragging Canoe.

According to James Mooney, his Cherokee name was "Ata'-gul-kalu", which could be translated "leaning wood", from "ata" meaning "wood", and "gulkalu", a verb that implies something long and unsupported, leaning against some other object. His name "Little Carpenter" came from a maternal ancestor, Thomas Pasmere Carpenter, and Englishman of Norman descent.

Family tradition maintains that he was born on Seivers Island (near Chota) around 1708 to Nancy Moytoy (eldest daughter of Moytoy I b. 1683) and her husband Moytoy IV. Moytoy IV was an Algonquin named White Owl Raven Carpenter (also called Raven of Chota) who had been adopted by Moytoy II (Trader Tom Carpenter). He married Nionne Ollie, who was the daughter of his cousin Oconostota (the marriage was permissible because they were of different clans; he was Wolf Clan and she was Paint Clan). Among their children were Dragging Canoe and Dutsi, through whom Major Ridge and David Watie were grandchildren of Attacullaculla.

He was a member of the Cherokee delegation that traveled to England in 1730. In 1736, he rejected the advances of the French, who sent emissaries to the Overhill Cherokees. Three or four years later, he was captured by the Ottawa, allies of the French, who held him captive in Canada until 1748. Upon his return, he became one of the Cherokees' leading diplomats and an adviser to the Beloved Man of Chota. In May 1759, following a series of attacks by settlers and Cherokees against each other, Attacullaculla joined a delegation that went to Charleston to try to negotiate with South Carolina authorities. Governor William Henry Lyttleton seized the delegates as hostages until the Cherokees responsible for killing white settlers were surrendered. Having raised an expeditionary force, Lyttleton set out for Fort Prince George with the hostages in tow and arrived with 1700 men on December 9, 1759. Though freed soon after, Attacullaculla returned to Fort Prince George to negotiate for peace, but his efforts were thwarted by the more hawkish Oconostota. The Cherokees gave up two individuals and negotiated the release of a few hostages including Oconostota, who soon after lured Lt. Richard Coytmore out of the fort, waving a bridle over his head, and incited Cherokee warriors hiding in the woods to fire upon and kill Coytmore; white soldiers inside the fort then proceeded to murder all the Cherokees inside, and hostilities continued between the Cherokees and Anglo-Americans.

His death is believed to have occurred either in 1775 or 1777, after which he was succeeded by his cousin, Oconostota (who was also his father-in-law). Attacullaculla did not use the European title "Emperor of the Cherokees" that his uncles had.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacullaculla

From James Hicks:

Attakullaculla "Leaning Wood"

Little Carpenter

Oukanaekah "the White Owl"

The Wise Councillor

• ******************************************

from Don Chesnut's web page; www.users.mis.net/~chesnut/pages/cherokee.htm

Ata’-gul kalu’ :

a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British government as the head chief or "emperor" of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered "Leaning wood," from ata’, "Wood" and gul kalu, a verb implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as "A man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior abilities."

More About A-TA-GU-LA-GU-LA:

Attended: 1730, Delegation to King George II

Blood: 1/2 Cherokee, 1/2 Algonquin(?)

Chief: Bet. 1761 - 1775, Principal Chief, CN

Clan: Ani'-Wa'ya = Wolf Clan (Quatsy)

Signer: March 1775, Henderson's Treaty, Sycamore Shoals

from Sharon Reed, http://thejamesscrolls.blogspot.com/2009/04/chief-attakullakulla-li...:

Attacullaculla of Chota-Tenase, Principal Chief of the Cherokee, (ca. 1708–ca. 1777), also known as Little Carpenter, was a leading chief of the Cherokee Indians from 1761 to around 1775. He was known to the British as the "Prince of Chote-Tenase", or Prince of Chota, because his grandfather, Moytoy of Chota, had been the chief of the capital city, Chota-Tanasi. His name is also spelled Attakullakulla. His son was Dragging Canoe.

According to James Mooney, his Cherokee name was "Ata'-gul-kalu", which could be translated "leaning wood", from "ata" meaning "wood", and "gulkalu", a verb that implies something long and unsupported, leaning against some other object. His name "Little Carpenter" came from a maternal ancestor, Thomas Pasmere Carpenter, and Englishman of Norman descent.

Family tradition maintains that he was born on Seivers Island (near Chota) around 1708 to Nancy Moytoy (eldest daughter of Moytoy I b. 1683) and her husband Moytoy IV. Moytoy IV was an Algonquin named White Owl Raven Carpenter (also called Raven of Chota) who had been adopted by Moytoy II (Trader Tom Carpenter). He married Nionne Ollie, who was the daughter of his cousin Oconostota (the marriage was permissible because they were of different clans; he was Wolf Clan and she was Paint Clan). Among their children were Dragging Canoe and Dutsi, through whom Major Ridge and David Watie were grandchildren of Attacullaculla.

He was a member of the Cherokee delegation that traveled to England in 1730. In 1736, he rejected the advances of the French, who sent emissaries to the Overhill Cherokees. Three or four years later, he was captured by the Ottawa, allies of the French, who held him captive in Canada until 1748. Upon his return, he became one of the Cherokees' leading diplomats and an adviser to the Beloved Man of Chota.

In May 1759, following a series of attacks by settlers and Cherokees against each other, Attacullaculla joined a delegation that went to Charleston to try to negotiate with South Carolina authorities. Governor William Henry Lyttleton seized the delegates as hostages until the Cherokees responsible for killing white settlers were surrendered. Having raised an expeditionary force, Lyttleton set out for Fort Prince George with the hostages in tow and arrived with 1700 men on December 9, 1759. Though freed soon after, Attacullaculla returned to Fort Prince George to negotiate for peace, but his efforts were thwarted by the more hawkish Oconostota. The Cherokees gave up two individuals and negotiated the release of a few hostages including Oconostota, who soon after lured Lt. Richard Coytmore out of the fort, waving a bridle over his head, and incited Cherokee warriors hiding in the woods to fire upon and kill Coytmore; white soldiers inside the fort then proceeded to murder all the Cherokees inside, and hostilities continued between the Cherokees and Anglo-Americans.

He was actually a rather small man, not much over 5 feet. Most of the modern American History books contain the name of this man as having fought with the Americans in the American Revolution. His son, Dragging Canoe fought on the side of the British, the Chickamagua Cherokees.

His death is believed to have occurred either in 1775 or 1777, after which he was succeeded by his cousin, Oconostota (who was also his father-in-law). Attacullaculla did not use the European title "Emperor of the Cherokees" that his uncles had.

From Wikipedia:

Attakullakulla (Atagulkalu), known to whites as the Little Carpenter ... was the primary diplomat of the Cherokee in the mid-years of the 18th century and headman of Chota. He travelled to London in 1730, where he and six others signed the Articles of Friendship and Trade with George I of Great Britain. He served as the leading chief of the Cherokee until his death in 1777.

Attakullakulla (ca. 1708–ca. 1777), or Atagulkalu, known as Little Carpenter (Cherokee name Ata-gul' kalu, was First Beloved Man of the Cherokee Indians from 1761 to around 1775. Dragging Canoe, war leader of the Cherokee during the Chickamauga wars, was his son.

According to James Mooney, his Cherokee could be translated "leaning wood", from "ata" meaning "wood", and "gulkalu", a verb that implies something long and unsupported, leaning against some other object. ...

According to one of his sons, Turtle-at-Home, he was originally a member of a subtribe of the Algonquin Nipissing in the north captured as an infant during a raid and adopted by a minor chief. [1] He married Nionne Ollie, who was the daughter of his cousin Oconostota The marriage was permissible because they were of different clans; he was Wolf Clan and she was Paint Clan.

He was a member of the Cherokee delegation that traveled to England in 1730. In 1736, he rejected the advances of the French, who sent emissaries to the Overhill Cherokee. Three or four years later, he was captured by the Ottawa, allies of the French, who held him captive in Canada until 1748. Upon his return, he became one of the Cherokees' leading diplomats and an adviser to the Beloved Man of Chota.

In May 1759, following a series of attacks by settlers and Cherokees against each other, Attakullakulla joined a delegation that went to Charleston to try to negotiate with South Carolina authorities. Governor William Henry Lyttleton seized the delegates as hostages until the Cherokees responsible for killing white settlers were surrendered. Having raised an expeditionary force, Lyttleton set out for Fort Prince George with the hostages in tow and arrived with 1700 men on December 9, 1759. Though freed soon after, Attakullakulla returned to Fort Prince George to negotiate for peace, but his efforts were thwarted by the more hawkish Oconostota. The Cherokees gave up two individuals and negotiated the release of a few hostages including Oconostota, who soon after lured Lt. Richard Coytmore out of the fort, waving a bridle over his head, and incited Cherokee warriors hiding in the woods to fire upon and kill Coytmore; white soldiers inside the fort then proceeded to murder all the Cherokees inside, and hostilities continued between the Cherokees and Anglo-Americans.

His death is believed to have occurred in 1775, after which he was succeeded by his cousin, Oconostota (who was also his father-in-law).

References

  1. ^ Klink and Talman, The journal of Major John Norton, p. 42

Sources

   * Entry from the Tennessee Encyclopedia

* Kelly, James C. "Notable Persons in Cherokee History: Attakullakulla." Journal of Cherokee Studies 3:1 (Winter 1978), 2-34.
* Klink, Karl, and James Talman, ed. The Journal of Major John Norton. (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1970).
* Mooney, James. "Myths of the Cherokee" (1900, reprint 1995).
* Litton, Gaston L. "The Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation", Chronicles of Oklahoma 15:3 (September 1937), 253-270 (retrieved August 18, 2006).
____________________________________________________

Treaty with the Cherokee

Treaty of Sycamore Shoals

a.k.a Henderson’s Purchase

Transylvania Land Company

Mar. 17 1775 | Private Purchase

On 27 August 1774, Richard Henderson, a judge from North Carolina, organized a land speculation company with a number of other prominent North Carolinians. Originally called "Richard Henderson and Company", the name was changed to the "Louisa Company", and then to the "Transylvania Company" on 6 January 1775. The men hoped to purchase Kentucky land from the Cherokees, who still had a claim to the region, and establish a British proprietary colony.

In March 1775, Henderson met with more than 1,200 Cherokees at Sycamore Shoals (present day Elizabethton in northeastern Tennessee), including Cherokee leaders such as Attacullaculla, Oconostota, and Dragging Canoe. In the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals, also known as the Treaty of Watauga, dated March 14, 1775, Henderson purchased all the land lying between the Cumberland River, the Cumberland Mountains, and the Kentucky River, and situated south of the Ohio River. The land thus delineated, 20 million acres (81,000 km²), encompassed an area half the size of present-day Kentucky. Henderson's purchase was in violation of North Carolina and Virginia law, as well as the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited private purchase of American Indian land. Henderson may have believed that a recent British legal opinion (the Camden-Yorke opinion) had made such purchases legal. (wikipedia.com)

Robert Addington (in A History of Scott County, Virginia, 1932) reports that Daniel Boone negotiated the treaty with the Cherokee on Henderson's behalf, and that more than 1200 Indians attended the meeting, and that the Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee, excepting Dragging Canoe, accepted and signed the treaty.

Hawkins County Tennessee Deed Book

[Pages 147-150]

The transcription is made from a typescript copy.

Original transcriber unknown.

http://www.tngenweb.org/cessions/17750317.html

       This is a copy of the original deed recorded in Deed Book 1 Page 147.

There may be typographical errors or misspelled word in this copy.
This indenture made this 17th day of March in the year of our Lord Christ 1775, between Oconistoto, chief warrior and first representative of the Cherokee Nation or tribe of Indians, and Attacuttuillah and Sewanooko, otherwise Coronok, chiefs appointed by the warriors and other head men to convey for the whole nation ---
Beginning the aborigines and sole owners by occupancy from the beginning of time of the lands on the waters of the Ohio River from the mouth of the Tennessee River up the said Ohio to the mouth or emptying of the Great Canaway or New River, and so cross by a southward line to the Virginia line by a direction that shall stretch or hit the Holston River six English miles above or eastward of the Long Islands therein, and other lands and territories thereunto adjoining [Great Grant*], on the one part,

and Richard Henderson, Thomas Hart, Nathaniel Hart, John Williams, John Lutterell, William Johnston, James Hogg, David Hart, and Leonard Hendly Bullock, of the province of North Carolina, of the other part,

witnesseth that the said Oconistoto for himself and the rest of the said nation of Indians, for and in consideration of the sum of ten thousand pounds lawfull money of Great Britton to them in hand paid by the said Richard Henderson, Thomas Hart, Nathaniel Hart, John Williams, John Lutterell, William Johnston, James Hogg, David Hart, and Leonard Hendly Bullock,

the receipt whereof the said Oconistoto and his whole nation do for themselves and the whole tribe of people, have granted, bargained, and sold, aliened, enfeoffed, released, and confirmed, and by presents do grant, bargain, and sell, alien, enfeoff, release, and confirm to the said Richard Henderson, Thomas Hart, Nathaniel Hart, John Williams, John Lutterell, William Johnston, James Hogg, David Hart, and Leonard Hendly Bullock, their heirs and assigns forever,

all the tract, territory, or parcel of land beginning on the Holston River where the courses of Powels Mountain strikes the same, thence up the said river as it meanders to where the Virginia line crosses the same, thence along the line run by Donelson & Co. to a point six English miles eastward of the Long Islands in said Holston River; thence a direct course toward the mouth of the Great Canaway until it reaches the top of Powels Mountain, thence westward along the said ridge to the beginning [Path Deed*], (End of Page 147)

...Under the yearly rent of four pence as to be holden of the chief Lord or Lords of the fee ot the premises by the rents and service thereof due and to right accustomed.

And the said Oconistoto and the said nation for themselves do covenant and grant to and with the said Richard Henderson, Thomas Hart, Nathaniel Hart, John Williams, John Lutterell, William Johnston, James Hogg, David Hart, and Leonard Hendly Bullock, their heirs and assigns that they, the said Oconistoto and the rest of the Nation and people now are lawfully and rightly seized and in their own right of a good, sure, perfect, absolute, and indefeasible estate of inheritance in fee simple of and in all and singular the said Messuage and premise above mentioned and of all and every part and parcel thereof, with the appurtinances without any manner of condition, mortgage, limitation of use or uses, or other matter, course, or thing to alter, change, charge, or determine the same and also the said Oconistoto and the aforesaid nation now have good right, full power, and lawfull authority in their own right to grant, bargain, and sell and convey the Messuage territory and premises above mentioned with appurtinances unto the said Richard Henderson, Thomas Hart, Nathaniel Hart, John Williams, John Lutterell, William Johnston, James Hogg, David Hart, and Leonard Hendly Bullock, their heirs and assigns to the only proper use and behoof of the said Richard Henderson & Co. according to the true intent and meaning of these presents

... In witness whereof the said Oconistoto, Attacullacullah, Sewanooko, otherwise Coronok, the three cheifs appointed by the warriors and other head men to sign for and in behalf of the whole nation hath hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals the day and year above written.

           Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of

William Bailey Smith Oconistoto (His Mark) Seal
George Lumpkins
Thomas Houghton Attacullacullah (His Mark) Seal
Caselton Brooks Sewanooko, otherwise Coronok (His Mark) Seal
John Bacon
Tilman Dixon
Valention Sercey
Thomas Price Joseph Vann Linquister
Kurt Kuhlman, in his 1994 dissertation proposal (http://www.warhorsesim.com/papers/Cherokee.htm), wrote:

Henderson's "purchase" was tainted in several ways. Not only was it illegal under British law (the Proclamation of 1763 prohibited private land deals with the Indians), other tribes had claims on the land in question (it was used as hunting grounds by several tribes, including the Shawnee), and it was even questionable whether the Cherokees actually sold Henderson the land as he claimed. Worse, the cession was denounced during the negotiations by Dragging Canoe, leader of the militant Cherokee faction and the son of Attakullaculla, one of the chiefs who signed the treaty with Henderson.

Henderson's purchase did not immediately lead to war, but it discredited the leaders who had negotiated the treaty (Attakullaculla, Oconostota, and the Raven), thus strengthening the position of the militant Cherokees. As the turmoil of the Revolution reached the frontiers of European settlement, the militants prevailed and the request for war delivered by a delegation of northern Indians in 1776 was accepted. The result was disastrous for the Cherokee. Three separate militia armies invaded the Cherokee lands during 1776, burning towns and crops and leaving devastation in their wake. At the price of additional land cessions, the Cherokees managed to secure peace with the state governments in 1777. Dragging Canoe refused to accept this policy and his militant faction seceded from the Cherokee, moving west and establishing new towns on the Tennessee River. The Chickamauga, as they became known, remained at war with the foreign settlements west of the mountains almost continually for the next 17 years.

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Attakullakulla (ca. 1708–ca. 1777) or Atagulkalu (Cherokee, Ata-gul' kalu) — known to whites as Little Carpenter — was First Beloved Man of the Cherokee Indians from 1761 to around 1775. Dragging Canoe, war leader of the Cherokee during the Chickamauga wars, was his son.

According to James Mooney, Attakullakulla's Cherokee name could be translated "leaning wood", from "ada" meaning "wood", and "gulkalu", a verb that implies something long and unsupported, leaning against some other object. His name "Little Carpenter" derived from the English meaning of his Cherokee name along with a reference to his physical stature.

According to one of his sons, Turtle-at-Home, Attakullakulla was originally a member of a subtribe of the Algonquin Nipissing in the north captured as an infant during a raid and adopted by a minor chief.[1] He married Nionne Ollie, who was the daughter of his cousin Oconostota The marriage was permissible because they were of different clans; he was Wolf Clan and she was Paint Clan.

He was a member of the Cherokee delegation that traveled to England in 1730. In 1736, he rejected the advances of the French, who sent emissaries to the Overhill Cherokee. Three or four years later, he was captured by the Ottawa, allies of the French, who held him captive in Canada until 1748. Upon his return, he became one of the Cherokees' leading diplomats and an adviser to the Beloved Man of Chota.

In May 1759, following a series of attacks by settlers and Cherokees against each other, Attakullakulla joined a delegation that went to Charleston to try to negotiate with South Carolina authorities. Governor William Henry Lyttleton seized the delegates as hostages until the Cherokees responsible for killing white settlers were surrendered. Having raised an expeditionary force, Lyttleton set out for Fort Prince George with the hostages in tow and arrived with 1700 men on December 9, 1759. Though freed soon after, Attakullakulla returned to Fort Prince George to negotiate for peace, but his efforts were thwarted by the more hawkish Oconostota. The Cherokees gave up two individuals and negotiated the release of a few hostages including Oconostota, who soon after lured Lt. Richard Coytmore out of the fort, waving a bridle over his head, and incited Cherokee warriors hiding in the woods to fire upon and kill Coytmore; white soldiers inside the fort then proceeded to murder all the Cherokees inside, and hostilities continued between the Cherokees and Anglo-Americans.

His death is believed to have occurred in 1775, after which he was succeeded by his cousin, Oconostota (who was also his father-in-law).

References1.^ Klink and Talman, The journal of Major John Norton, p. 42
SourcesEntry from the Tennessee Encyclopedia Kelly, James C. "Notable Persons in Cherokee History: Attakullakulla." Journal of Cherokee Studies 3:1 (Winter 1978), 2-34. Klink, Karl, and James Talman, ed. The Journal of Major John Norton. (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1970). Mooney, James. "Myths of the Cherokee" (1900, reprint 1995). Litton, Gaston L. "The Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation", Chronicles of Oklahoma 15:3 (September 1937), 253-270 (retrieved August 18, 2006). Preceded by Standing Turkey First Beloved Man 1761–1775 Succeeded by Oconostota

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According to one of his sons, Turtle-at-Home, Attakullakulla was originally a member of a subtribe of the Algonquin Nipissing in the north captured as an infant during a raid and adopted by a minor chief.[1] He married Nionne Ollie, who was the daughter of his cousin Oconostota The marriage was permissible because they were of different clans; he was Wolf Clan and she was Paint Clan.

He was a member of the Cherokee delegation that traveled to England in 1730. In 1736, he rejected the advances of the French, who sent emissaries to the Overhill Cherokee. Three or four years later, he was captured by the Ottawa, allies of the French, who held him captive in Canada until 1748. Upon his return, he became one of the Cherokees' leading diplomats and an adviser to the Beloved Man of Chota.

In May 1759, following a series of attacks by settlers and Cherokees against each other, Attakullakulla joined a delegation that went to Charleston to try to negotiate with South Carolina authorities. Governor William Henry Lyttleton seized the delegates as hostages until the Cherokees responsible for killing white settlers were surrendered. Having raised an expeditionary force, Lyttleton set out for Fort Prince George with the hostages in tow and arrived with 1700 men on December 9, 1759. Though freed soon after, Attakullakulla returned to Fort Prince George to negotiate for peace, but his efforts were thwarted by the more hawkish Oconostota. The Cherokees gave up two individuals and negotiated the release of a few hostages including Oconostota, who soon after lured Lt. Richard Coytmore out of the fort, waving a bridle over his head, and incited Cherokee warriors hiding in the woods to fire upon and kill Coytmore; white soldiers inside the fort then proceeded to murder all the Cherokees inside, and hostilities continued between the Cherokees and Anglo-Americans.

His death is believed to have occurred in 1775, after which he was succeeded by his cousin, Oconostota (who was also his father-in-law).

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Principal Chief Attacullaculla of Chota-Tenase Atagulkalu Onacona Little Carpenter Moytoy (Cherokee) Click to view Principal Chief Attacullaculla of Chota-Tenase Atagulkalu Onacona Little Carpenter Moytoy (Cherokee) in the family tree View timeline for this person's branch of the family tree

Attacullaculla of Chota-Tenase was born about 1708. Attacullaculla of Chota-Tenase's father was White Owl Raven (also called Raven of Chota) Watts??? Moytoy IV Carpenter (Algonquian) and his mother was Nanyehi (called Nancy by the British) of the Wolf Clan Moytoy. His paternal grandparents were Savannah Tom Moytoy III Carpenter and Nancy??. He had two sisters named Oousta and Tame Doe (�Na-ni� aka �Ghi-Ga-U� aka Nancy Ward�s Mother. He died about 1777. ___________________________

Adopted Attacullaculla Carpenter MyHeritage Family Trees Howard Main in Howard Web Site, managed by Michael Howard (Contact) Birth: 1699 - Cherokee, Alabama, United States Death: 1775 - Natchestown, N C Now, Tennessee, United States Parents: Moytoy Savannah Tom Carpenter, Aniwaya Nancy Tenase Cherokee Siblings: Chippewa Attakullakulla, Chippewa Attakullakulla, Adopted Attakullakulla Chippewa, Attakullakulla Brown, Attakullakulla Brown, Susan Moytoy Priber (born Carpenter), Oconostota Cunne Moytoy, Willenawah Great Eagle Carpenter, Elizabeth Eughiootie Tasel Carpenter, Elizabeth Tassle Carpenter, Elizabeth Tassle Carpenter, Elizabeth Tassel aka Eughiootee, Elizabeth Tassle Carpenter, Elizabeth Tassel aka eughtooiecoody, Eughioote Elizabeth Tassel, Elizabeth Tassel aka Eughiootee, Chota Tenasi adopted Attacullaculla, Little Carpenter White Owl Raven Attakullakulla, Adopted Attakullakulla Chippewa, Attakullakulla Moytoy, Chief Attacullaculla, Corn Old Tassle Carpenter, Willenawah Great Eagle, Killaneca Buck Raven, Tame Doe Ward (born Carpenter), Killanecca The Buck Buck, Tame Doe Ward (born Wolf Clan), Killaqua Carpenter, Elizabeth Betsy White Owl Carpenter, Killaque Raven, Tame Doe, Tame Doe, Betsy Raven, Willanawa, Willanawa, Oosta White Owl Great Eagle Foreman (born Carpenter), Dragging Canoe, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Moytoy, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Moytoy, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Adopted, <Private> Carpenter, <Private> Carpenter

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Attakullakulla (Cherokee, Ata-gul' kalu; often called Little Carpenter by the English) (c. 1708–1778) was an influential Cherokee leader and the tribe's First Beloved Man, serving from 1761 to around 1775. His son was Dragging Canoe, a leader of the Chickamauga Cherokee.

According to the anthropologist James Mooney, Attakullakulla's Cherokee name could be translated "leaning wood", from ada meaning "wood", and gulkalu, a verb that implies something long, leaning against some other object. His name "Little Carpenter" derived from the English meaning of his Cherokee name along with a reference to his physical stature. As naturalist William Bartram described him, he was "a man of remarkable small stature, slender, and delicate frame."[1] "His ears were cut and banded with silver, hanging nearly down to his shoulders." He was mild-mannered, brilliant, and witty.[2]

Attakullakulla is believed to have been born in the territory of the Overhill Cherokee, in what is now East Tennessee, sometime in the early 1700s.[3] His son, Turtle-at-Home, said that he was born to a sub-tribe of the Algonquian-speaking Nipissing to the north near Lake Superior. He was captured as an infant during a raid in which his parents were killed, and brought back to Tennessee to be adopted by a Cherokee family, where he was raised as Cherokee.[4] He married Nionne Ollie, a Natchez captive adopted as the daughter of his cousin, Oconostota. The marriage was permissible because they were of different clans; he was Wolf Clan and she was Paint Clan.[citation needed]

He was a member of the Cherokee delegation that traveled to England in 1730.[5] In 1736, he rejected the advances of the French, who had sent emissaries to the Overhill Cherokee. Three or four years later, he was captured by the Ottawa, allies of the French, who held him captive in Quebec until 1748. Upon his return, he became one of the Cherokees' leading diplomats and an adviser to the Beloved Man of Chota.

Cherokee warrior Main article: Anglo–Cherokee War In the 1750s, Attakullakulla worked to provide a steady supply of trade goods for his people. When the French and Indian War began, Cherokees journeyed to the Pennsylvania frontier to serve in British military campaigns against French and Indian strongholds. Cherokees were murdered on their way home by Virginia frontiersmen. Attakullakulla journeyed to Pennsylvania, to Williamsburg, and then to Charles Town, securing the promise of trade goods as compensation. But this was not enough to satisfy young Cherokee who wished to honor their cultural obligation of "blood revenge" and sought social status. Throughout 1758 and 1759, Cherokee warriors launched retributive raids on the southern colonial frontier. Hoping that matters might be forgiven, Attakullakulla even led a Cherokee war party against French Fort Massiac, and tried to negotiate peace with the British.[6]

These efforts proved unsuccessful. In late 1759, Cherokees went to Charleston to try to negotiate with South Carolina authorities for peace. The colonial governor, William Henry Lyttetton, seized the delegates as hostages until the Cherokee responsible for killing white settlers were surrendered. Having raised an expeditionary force of 1700 men, Lyttleton set out for Fort Prince George, with the hostages in tow, and arrived on December 9, 1759. Attakullakulla was forced to sign a treaty agreeing that the Cherokees would deliver up "murderers" in exchange for nearly two dozen hostages confined at Fort Prince George.[7]

Attakullakulla returned to Fort Prince George in early 1760 to negotiate for the release of the hostages, but to no avail. As peaceful negotiations failed, Oconostota subsequently lured a Lt. Richard Coytmore out of the fort by waving a bridle over his head. He then incited Cherokee warriors hiding in the woods to shoot and kill Coytmore. The garrison in the fort retaliated with the execution of all the remaining Cherokee hostages. Cherokee Indians launched an offensive against settlements on the southern frontier. Many Cherokees blamed Attakullakulla for the death of the hostages. While he worked to try to bring about peace, later in 1760, British and South Carolina troops invaded the Cherokee Lower Towns and Middle Towns. They were forced to retreat and Fort Loudoun fell to the Cherokees. Attakullakulla again attempted to negotiate a peace, but this did not come until after a punitive British and South Carolina military expedition against the Middle and Lower Towns in 1761. Attakullakulla signed peace terms in Charles Town on December 18, 1761, but was robbed and harassed by angry frontiersmen on his journey home. Throughout the 1760s, he would work in vain to stall white settlement, and was a frequent guest in Charles Town and Williamsburg. [8][9]

Family and death During the Revolutionary War, Attakullakulla was one of a party of elder Cherokee leaders who ceded lands to Virginia, contrary to the wishes of younger warriors. Attakullakulla's son, Dragging Canoe, the Chickamauga Cherokee leader during the Cherokee-American wars, split with his father during this time.[10][11]

Attakullakulla is believed to have died in 1777.[12] He was succeeded as First Beloved Man by Oconostota.

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In any genealogy there are many sources that if listed would produce more data than the tree itself and many would likely be left out. I normally do not list sources. There are a few sources though that are so invaluable that they dare no be omitted. For example, all of my information as it applies to the Native Americans in my genealogy are the product of my Son, Jonathan R. Rex. In genealogy sources there is very little to no information about the people who first lived in this land. Finding this data is a challenge worthy of his efforts. I list these names only that they should be remembered and those from whom they descended should be able to know. For you though it might be only the start as there is far more to know and it is after all your heritage. In time without any doubt Jonathan will publish his work in detail and that will be a thing to see. Keep an eye out for him and his writing. You will not be disappointed.

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Little Carpenter

Little Carpenter, Attakullaculla (Ătă’-gûlkălû’, from ătă’ wood,’ gûl’kălû’ a verb implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some other object; hence ‘Leaningwood.’-Mooney).

A noted Cherokee chief, born about 1700, known to the whites as Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The first notice of him is as one of the delegation taken to England by Sir Alexander Cumming in 1730. It is stated that he was made second in authority under Oconostota in 1738. He was present at the conference with Gov. Glenn, of South Carolina, in July, 1753, where he was the chief speaker in behalf of the Indians, but asserted that he had not supreme authority, the consent of Oconostota, the war chief, being necessary for final action.

Through his influence a treaty of peace was arranged with Gov. Glenn in 1755, by which a large cession of territory was made to the King of England; and it was also through his instrumentality that Ft Dobbs was built, in the year following, about 20 miles, west of the present Salisbury, N. C. When Ft Loudon, on Little Tennessee River, Tenn., was captured by the Indians in 1760, and most of the garrison and refugees were massacred, Capt. Stuart, who had escaped the tomahawk, was escorted safely to Virginia by Attakullaculla, who purchased him from his Indian captor, giving to the latter, as ransom, his rifle, clothes, and everything he had with him. It was again through the influence of Attakullaculla that the treaty of Charleston was signed i n 1761, and that Stuart, after peace had been restored, was received by the Cherokee as the British agent for the southern tribes; yet notwithstanding his friendship for Stuart, who remained a steadfast loyalist in the Revolution, and the fact that a large majority of the Cherokee espoused the British cause, Attakullaculla raised a force of 500 native warriors which he offered to the Americans. He is described by William Bartram (Travels, 482, 1792), who visited him in 1776, as “a man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the nation, but he is a man of superior abilities.” Although he had become sedate, dignified, and somewhat taciturn in mature years, Logan (Hist. Upper So. Car., 1, 490, 515, 1859) says that in his younger days he was fond of the bottle and often inebriate. The date of his death has not been recorded, but it was probably about 1780. See Mooney, Myths of the Cherokee, in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 1900.

During the Revolutionary War, Attakullakulla was one of a party of elder Cherokee leaders who ceded lands to Virginia, contrary to the wishes of younger warriors. Attakullakulla's son, Dragging Canoe, the Chickamauga Cherokee leader during the Cherokee-American wars, split with his father during this time.[10][11]

Attakullakulla is believed to have died in 1777.[12] He was succeeded as First Beloved Man by Oconostota.

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Amatoya Moytoy, I, of Tellico Raven 1640–1710 Birth 1640 • Chota. Little Tennessee River,Cherokee Nation Death 1710 • Cherokee, Cheatham, Tennessee Place of Burial: The Great Mound, Nikwasi, Franklin, North Carolina, USA 10th great-grandfather

White Owl Raven 1680–1741 Birth 1680 • Cherokee, Alabama, United States (killed in battle) Death 1741 • Non-Cemetery Burial 9th great-grandfather

Attakullakulla "Little Carpenter" Onacona, Ukwaniequa Moytoy (Uku of Tanasi), Cherokee Moytoy (Uku of Tanasi), Cherokee 1699–1797 Birth 1699 • Seviers Island, Tennessee Death 1797 • Nachestown, North Carolina

8th great-grandfather

Tai Ya Gansi Ni (Tsí-yu-gûnsí-ní) Dragging Dragging Canoe" (Tatsi), Principal Chief 1734–1792 Birth 1734 • Overhill Settlements, Monroe, Tennessee Death 1792 • Running Water, Tennessee 7th great-grandfather

Naky ( Sarah Canoe ) Betesy Tatsi 1751–1850 Birth 1751 • Monroe, Overton County, Tennessee, USA Death 1850 • Grayson County, Virginia, USA 6th great-grandmother

Isham Alexander "Cherokee Chief Sawney" Brown 1767–1837 Birth 1767 • Calhoun, Georgia Death 1837 • Brighton, Missouri 5th great-grandfather

The Name Sawney or Shawnee or Sawnee, Ancester blood line name in honor of Little Carpenter. The French descent Indian Amatoya Moytoy of Chota (pronounced mah-tie) was a Cherokee town chief of the early eighteenth century in the area of present-day Tennessee. He held a prominent position among the Cherokee, and held the hereditary title Ama Matai (From the French matai and Cherokee ama--water), which meant "Water Conjurer."His father was a European, Thomas Pasmere Carpenter, who was descended from the noble Anglo-Norman family of Vicomte Guillaume de Melun le Carpentier. Thus, Moytoy's European lineage can be traced to the Frankish Duke Ansegisel of Metz Meroving, Peppin II, and Charles Martel. This ancestry also makes the Cherokee Moytoys cousins to the Carpenter Earl of Tyrconnell, and thus related to the current British royal family. Twenty year old Thomas Pasmere Carpenter came to Jamestown, Virginia from England in 1627, living in a cave near the Shawnee. Thomas was called "Cornplanter" by the Shawnee, derived from their sign language that matched as near as possible to the work of a carpenter. He married a Shawnee woman named "Pride" and bore a son around 1635 named Trader Carpenter. Amatoya was taught by his father to “witch” for water with a willow stick. He had become so adept at water witching that the Cherokee called him "water conjurer" or Ama Matai (Ama is Cherokee for water). Ama Matai eventually became pronounced as Amatoya. It was later shortened to “Moytoy”, so he is known as Moytoy I. He ruled the town of Chota sometime between the beginning of the eighteenth century and 1730. In 1680, Amatoya married Quatsie of Tellico. Many of their descendants went on to become prominent leaders, founding a family that effectively ruled the Cherokee for a century.

Attacullaculla of Chota-Tenase, Principal Chief of the Cherokee, (ca. 1708–ca. 1777), also known as Little Carpenter, was a leading chief of the Cherokee Indians from 1761 to around 1775. He was known to the British as the "Prince of Chote-Tenase", or Prince of Chota, because his grandfather, Moytoy of Chota, had been the chief of the capital city, Chota-Tanasi. His name is also spelled Attakullakulla. His son was Dragging Canoe.

According to James Mooney, his Cherokee name was "Ata'-gul-kalu", which could be translated "leaning wood", from "ata" meaning "wood", and "gulkalu", a verb that implies something long and unsupported, leaning against some other object. His name "Little Carpenter" came from a maternal ancestor, Thomas Pasmere Carpenter, and Englishman of Norman descent.

Family tradition maintains that he was born on Seivers Island (near Chota) around 1708 to Nancy Moytoy (eldest daughter of Moytoy I b. 1683) and her husband Moytoy IV. Moytoy IV was an Algonquin named White Owl Raven Carpenter (also called Raven of Chota) who had been adopted by Moytoy II (Trader Tom Carpenter). He married Nionne Ollie, who was the daughter of his cousin Oconostota (the marriage was permissible because they were of different clans; he was Wolf Clan and she was Paint Clan). Among their children were Dragging Canoe and Dutsi, through whom Major Ridge and David Watie were grandchildren of Attacullaculla.

He was a member of the Cherokee delegation that traveled to England in 1730. In 1736, he rejected the advances of the French, who sent emissaries to the Overhill Cherokees. Three or four years later, he was captured by the Ottawa, allies of the French, who held him captive in Canada until 1748. Upon his return, he became one of the Cherokees' leading diplomats and an adviser to the Beloved Man of Chota.

In May 1759, following a series of attacks by settlers and Cherokees against each other, Attacullaculla joined a delegation that went to Charleston to try to negotiate with South Carolina authorities. Governor William Henry Lyttleton seized the delegates as hostages until the Cherokees responsible for killing white settlers were surrendered. Having raised an expeditionary force, Lyttleton set out for Fort Prince George with the hostages in tow and arrived with 1700 men on December 9, 1759. Though freed soon after, Attacullaculla returned to Fort Prince George to negotiate for peace, but his efforts were thwarted by the more hawkish Oconostota. The Cherokees gave up two individuals and negotiated the release of a few hostages including Oconostota, who soon after lured Lt. Richard Coytmore out of the fort, waving a bridle over his head, and incited Cherokee warriors hiding in the woods to fire upon and kill Coytmore; white soldiers inside the fort then proceeded to murder all the Cherokees inside, and hostilities continued between the Cherokees and Anglo-Americans. He was actually a rather small man, not much over 5 feet. Most of the modern American History books contain the name of this man as having fought with the Americans in the American Revolution. His son, Dragging Canoe fought on the side of the British, the Chickamagua Cherokees.

His death is believed to have occurred either in 1775 or 1777, after which he was succeeded by his cousin, Oconostota (who was also his father-in-law). Attacullaculla did not use the European title "Emperor of the Cherokees" that his uncles had.

Attakullakulla "Little Carpenter" Onacona, Ukwaniequa Moytoy (Uku of Tanasi), Cherokee Emissary to England Also Known As: "Attacullaculla", "Leaning Wood", "Little Carpenter", "Ukwaniequa", "Atta-kulla-kulla", "Ata-Kullakilla", "Ata-culculla", "Atagulkalu" Birthdate: circa 1699 Birthplace: Seviers Island, Tennessee Death: Died 1797 in Nachestown, North Carolina Immediate Family: Son of White Owl Raven Moytoy Carpenter IV and Nancy Nanye-hi Moytoy, Wolf Clan Husband of Ollie Nionee Oconostota, Ani'-Wa'Ya (Wolf) Clan Father of Ni-ki-tie "Hannah Rebecca" Arthur; Chief Dragging Canoe; Little White Owl; Ghi Go Ne li; Da-Tsi (Tah Chee) "Dutch" Carpenter and 13 others Brother of Killaneca "The Buck" Galagina Raven; Tame Doe, of the Wolf Clan; Eliza Qua-tee Oo-loo-cha ., Wolf Clan; Oconostota; Ghi-Ga-U-Tsistuna-Gis-Ke "Nancy" Wildrose Moytoy and 2 others Half brother of Chief Willenawah Great Eagle (Brock) Occupation: Supreme Chief of the Cherokee, 1760-1775, Little Carpenter, Peace Chief of the Cherokee, 1730-1797, Cherokee Chief, Cherokee Emissary to England

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Nipissing - Adopted Cherokee - Wolf Clan

Comment 1: Adopted into Cherokee as Wolf Clan Comment 2: Early name Ookoonaka, White Owl Ethnicity/Relig.: Miskwakihha Indian (Algonkian Nipising)6 Fact 1: 1730, Delegation to George II at Windsor in England Fact 2: March 1775, Signed Henderson Purchase, Sycamore Shoals http://www.genealogy.com/ftm/p/a/n/Donald-N-Pantheryates/GENE5-0005... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Attakullakulla is believed to have been born in the territory of the Overhill Cherokee, in what is now East Tennessee, sometime in the early 1700s.[3] His son, Turtle-at-Home, said that he was born to a sub-tribe of the Algonquian-speaking Nipissing to the north near Lake Superior. He was captured as an infant during a raid in which his parents were killed, and brought back to Tennessee to be adopted by a Cherokee family, where he was raised as Cherokee.[4] He married Nionne Ollie, a Natchez captive adopted as the daughter of his cousin, Oconostota. The marriage was permissible because they were of different clans; he was Wolf Clan and she was Paint Clan. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attakullakulla ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Attakullaculla "Leaning Wood" Little Carpenter Oukanaekah "the White Owl" The Wise Councillor ******************************************* Ata -gul kalu : a noted Cherokee chief, recognized by the British government as the head chief or "emperor" of the Nation, about 1760 and later, and commonly known to the whites as the Little Carpenter (Little Cornplanter, by mistake, in Haywood). The name is frequently spelled Atta-kulla-kulla, Ata-kullakulla or Ata-culculla. It may be rendered "Leaning wood," from ata , "Wood" and gul kalu, a verb implying that something long is leaning, without sufficient support, against some other object; it has no first person form. Bartram describes him as "A man of remarkably small stature, slender and of a delicate frame, the only instance I saw in the Nation; but he is a man of superior abilities." Onacona "White Owl" Attakullkulla or Attacullaculla Wolf Clan Peace Chief AKA: "Leaning Wood" * Birth: 1695 in Sevier's Island, Tennessee * Death: 1797 in Nacheztown, North Carolina (now Tennessee) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Attakullakulla, Supreme Chief of the Cherokee 1760 --1775. Attakullakulla or Little Carpenter, was 'Civil' or 'White' Chief, and lived in Chota. In 1735 he was taken , along with a small group of other Cherokees, to visit London. The Indians delighted the English residents and had their own eyes broadly opened to the attributes and strengths of white civilization. When they returned home, the English traders and officials made the most of this and over the next twenty years carefully cultivated the Cherokees by offering to help whenever the Cherokees needed it. Attakullakulla was especially responsive and in 1757 he would be instrumental in persuading the Governor of South Carolina to construct Fort Loudon to strengthen England's control over the area and to encourage more trade between the Cherokee and the Eastern coastal towns. In addition, the Chief invited at this time several more traders to set up headquarters in Chota and to take Cherokee wives. Was called Little Carpenter because of his skill at negotiating, sources said it was as if he were building compromises. ----------------------------------------------------------------------

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--------------------------------------------- Birth name Onacona White Owl Leaning Wood; Principal Chief and Peace Chief ATTAKULLAKULLA / Attacullaculla; from Atagulkalu from ata, meaning wood, and galkalu, meaning something or someone leaning. He was called The Little Carpenter by the British, because he was small in stature, but astute in negotiating treaties to benefit his people. He was born at Seviers Island, Tennessee in 1695, and died In Nachestown, North Carolina [now Tennessee] in 1797. He was known by many names. Ata'-gul-kalu "Prince of Chota" / Tathatowe / Tiftowe / Clogoittah / Chuconnunta / U Ukwaneequa / Oukahakah / Oukounaka / Ouconaco / Ookoonaka / Ookeeneka / Truconita / Chugonanta Tommy / Chugonanta / Tommy of Tenase / Occounaco The White Owl / Chukenata Warrior / Ookanaska / and Little Corn Planter. Birth name Onacona White Owl Leaning Wood; Principal Chief and Peace Chief ATTAKULLAKULLA / Attacullaculla; from Atagulkalu from ata, meaning wood, and galkalu, meaning something or someone leaning. He was called The Little Carpenter by the British, because he was small in stature, but astute in negotiating treaties to benefit his people. He was born at Seviers Island, Tennessee in 1695, and died In Nachestown, North Carolina [now Tennessee] in 1797. He was known by many names. Ata'-gul-kalu "Prince of Chota" / Tathatowe / Tiftowe / Clogoittah / Chuconnunta / U Ukwaneequa / Oukahakah / Oukounaka / Ouconaco / Ookoonaka /Ookeeneka / Truconita / Chugonanta Tommy / Chugonanta / Tommy of Tenase / Occounaco The White Owl / Chukenata Warrior /Ookanaska / and Little Corn Planter. There may be others. Attacullaculla's name was also spelled Attakullaculla and he was knownalso as Ukwaneequa or Chuconnunta. The English translation of his name was Little Carpenter. In 1735 he with a small group of other Cherokees, went to visit London.He was actually a rather small man, not much over 5 feet. Most of the modern American History books contain the name of this man ashaving fought with the Americans in the American Revolution. His son,Dragging Canoe fought on the side of the British,the ChickamaguaCherokees. Nancy and Attacullaculla were known as Peace Chiefs. During times ofPeace the Chiefs wore white. The war council was composed of additionalchiefs and only sat on the council during times of war. During times ofwarthe chiefs wore Red. Thus the color white symbolized peace and thecolor red symbolized war.[Br'f8derbund WFT Vol. 2, Ed. 1, Tree #2009, Dateof Import: Aug 8, 1996] Attakullakulla, Supreme Chief of the Cherokee 1760 --1775. bd. Attakullakulla or Little Carpenter, was 'Civil' or 'White'Chief, and lived in Chota. In 1735 he was taken , along with a smallgroup of other Cherokees, to visit London. The Indians delighted theEnglish residents and had their own eyes broadly opened to theattributesand strengths of white civilization. When they returned home, the Englishtraders and officials made the most of this and over the next twentyyears carefully cultivated the Cherokees by offering to help whenever theCherokees needed it.Attakullakulla was especially responsive and in1757 he would be instrumental in persuading the Governor of SouthCarolina to construct Fort Loudon to strengthen England's control overthe area and to encourage more trade between the Cherokee and the Easterncoastal towns. In addition, the Chief invited at this time several moretraders to set up headquarters in Chota and to take Cherokee wives. Little is known of Attakullakulla's immediate family. His wife appearsonly rarely in the documentary record. In 1758 Attakullakulla wroteLyttelton, "I deisre that you would send me a cloak for my wife," andonce he tried to exchange two prisoners for two negro slaves to helpher. In November, 1774 she accompanied him to North Carolina. InBethabara husband and wife listened to the peal of the organ. he hadheard many organs but she insited that the lid be reomved for she feareda child was trapped inside. In a letter dated 1766 she is mentioned, butnothing more. (Journalof Cherokee Studies, Vol. III, No. 1, Winter,1978 p. 27) Attakullakulla, he was one of the few Cherokee leaders who depended notonw ords but on actions to secure a floowing. He commanded respectbeacuse of his courage and fighting ability, which he ably demontrated in1755 by netting five French prisoners in an expedition to theIllinois-Wasbash region, and by leading the unprecedented number of fivehundred warriors to a decisive victory at Taliwa over the creeks, whowere compelled to vacate nothern Georgia. (Supra, Jounal of CherokeeStudies.) Cherokee Chief, 1760-1775 Notes on Attalullakulla from the Journal of Cherokee Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, Winter 1978 The date of Attakullakulla's birth is not known for certain, but was probably not before 1700 nor after 1712. Attakullakulla himself recalled that he was but a youth when he visited England in 1730. The youngest of the seven (who went) was Okoonaka, the White Owl, although some English newspapers persisted in calling him Captain Owean Nakan. He was probably in his twenties and was of remarkable small stature, slender and delicate frame. Although he was the youngest of the seven, he was related to the family from which many Cherokee leaders were drawn and was thus destined for greatness if he showed the mettle to grasp the opportunity which circumstances presented to hiim. He did, and he became Attakullakulla, whose voice was infulential, and often dominate, in the councils of the Cherokee Nation for nearly 50 years. According to one of his contemporaries, Attakullakulla was born on the Big Island of the French Broad River, later called Sevier's Island. He was a child of the Overhill Towns which lay along the banks of the Little Tennessee and Hiwassie rivers. Nothing is known of his mother except that she was a sister of Connecorte, better known as Old Hop, who was the nominal leader of the Cherokees during the 1750's. Of his father we know only that he was a chief. (Endnote #6: ".......says Attakullakulla and Connecorte were cousins but the latter told the British that Attakullalulla was his nephew.") In 1809 Major John Norton interviewed Turtle-At-Home, who claimed to be a son of Attakullakulla, who stated that his father was originally a Mishwakihha, one of the divisions of the Nipissing Indians., and had been captured as an infant and adopted by the Cherokees.) As the son of an important family, he was probably trained at an early age in the mysteries of statecraft and tribal tradition, but noting definetly is known of him until he first appears in the written records of 1730.

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Attakullakulla was an influential Cherokee leader and the tribe's First Beloved Man, serving from 1761 to around 1775. His son was Dragging Canoe, a leader of the Chickamauga Cherokee.

General Stand Watie, great-grandson of Attacullaculla.

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