Borrell II, XIV comte de Barcelona

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrell_II,_Count_of_Barcelona
• http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00120328&tree=LEO
• http://www.friesian.com/lorraine.htm#provence

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-http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CATALAN%20NOBILITY.htm#BorelIIdied992B
BORRELL [II] de Barcelona, son of SUNYER [I] Comte de Barcelona & his wife Richilde --- (-30 Sep 993).

The Gesta Comitum Barcinonensium names (in order) "Borellus, Ermengaudus et Miro" as the three sons of "Sunyer", specifying that "Borrellus filius Suniarii comitis Urgelli" succeeded his cousin "Seniofredus" in Barcelona[187]. His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 23 Nov 934 under which “Suniarius…comes et Marchio” donated property to the church of Girona, for the souls of “patri meo Wifredi quondam, vel fratri meo Wifredi quondam…vel filio meo Borrello”[188]. He succeeded his father in 950 as Comte de Barcelona, Girona, Ausona, i Urgell. "Borrellus comes" donated property "in comitatu Ausona in…Tolosa", inherited from "genitori meo Suniario", to San Juan de Ripoll by charter dated 19 Feb 955[189]. "Ricildis comitissa" donated property to the abbey of la Grasse by charter dated 954 before 31 Aug subscribed by "Miro comes, Borellus comes"[190], the subscribers assumed to be her sons. "Borrellum et Mironem uterque fratres et marchiones comites" donated property to Monserrat, as requested by "condam Richilli comitissa" in her testament, by charter dated 27 Dec 956[191]. He formed an alliance with Fernando González Conde de Castilla and García III Sánchez King of Navarre against Caliph Al-Hakam II. The alliance was, however, unsuccessful and comte Borrell was defeated by the governor of Zaragoza in 965[192]. "Borrellus…comes et marchio cum coniuge Leudgardis chomitissa" sold the castle of Queralt to "Witardo vicecomite" by charter dated 15 Jul 976[193]. "Borrellus…chomes et marchio" sold property to "Unicfredo que vocant Amado" by charter dated 11 Jun 977, subscribed by "Ledgardis comitissa, Ansulfo, Vuitardus vicescomes…"[194]. "Borrellus…comis et marchio" sold property "in comitatum Orgillitense in villa Cuilare seu Montan-Goncello" to "Reisendo et uxori tue" to the abbey of Gerri by charter dated 24 May 979[195]. He concluded a treaty with the caliph, marking the end of Catalonia's historic dependence on the Frankish kingdom[196], although the treaty was broken by al-Mansur who captured Barcelona in 985[197]. “Borellus…comes et marchio…filios meos Raymundo et Ermengode” ordered the security of “castro…Cardona”, constructed by “avus meus Wifredus comes et marchio”, by charter dated 9 Apr 986, subscribed by “Geribertus vicecomes…Gocefridus frater Borelli comes”[198]. "Borrello…Hibereo duci atque marchiso" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vallés by charter dated 10 Mar 988, subscribed by "Eimerud…comitissa, Miro, Raimundus comes, Ermengaudis…Suniarius comes…"[199]. "Borrellus…comes et marchio" exchanged property with "uxori mee Ermerud comitissa" which she held "in comitatu Urgellense" by charter dated 5 Sep 988 which names "fratri meo Mironi comiti…condam" and is subscribed by "Raimundus comes filio Borrello comitis"[200]. "Borrellus comes et marchio" sold property "in comitatu Urgellitano in valle Castro Leoni" to "Gillelmo vicecomite et uxori tue Sancia" by charter dated 8 Oct 988[201]. The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 provides for the disposition of his titles between his successors, as shown below[202]. The Annales Barcinonenses record the death in 993 of "Borrelli comes Barchinonensis"[203].

m firstly (968 or before) LEDGARDE, daughter of --- ([950/53]-after 16 Apr 980). Comte Borrell donated property to the monastery of San Saturnino de Urgell, for the souls of "…uxoris meæ Letgarda vel prolis meæ, que de me et illa procreata est, et…fratris mei Mironis comitis atque marchionis", by charter dated 6 Jun 969[204]. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that she was 15 years or younger at the time of her marriage, but old enough to have given birth to her first child before the date of this charter. Bofarull records a suggestion by Baluze that Ledgarde was the daughter of "Ramon Pons y Garsinda condes de Auvernia"[205]. The original work in which this suggestion is made has not yet been consulted. However, even without knowing the basis on which the connection with the family of the comtes de Toulouse is made, it is chronological impossible for Ledgarde to have been the daughter of Raymond Pons Comte de Toulouse et d´Auvergne whose children must have been born in the range [920/30]. If Ledgarde did belong to the Toulouse family, she must have been Ledgarde, daughter of Raymond III Comte de Toulouse & his wife [Gundinildis ---], whose children would have been born in the range [940/60]. "Borrellus…comes et marchio cum coniuge Leudgardis chomitissa" sold the castle of Queralt to "Witardo vicecomite" by charter dated 15 Jul 976[206]. "Borrellus…chomes et marchio" sold property to "Unicfredo que vocant Amado" by charter dated 11 Jun 977, subscribed by "Ledgardis comitissa, Ansulfo, Vuitardus vicescomes…"[207]. "Borrellus comes et marchio et uxori mee Ledegards" donated property "in comitatu Ausona" to Vic by charter dated 16 Apr 980[208].

m secondly (before 10 Mar 988) as her second husband, AIMERUDIS, widow of ---, daughter of --- (-after 992). "Borrello…Hibereo duci atque marchiso" donated property to Sant Cugat del Vallés by charter dated 10 Mar 988, subscribed by "Eimerud…comitissa, Miro, Raimundus comes, Ermengaudis…Suniarius comes…"[209]. "Borrellus…comes et marchio" exchanged property with "uxori mee Ermerud comitissa" which she held "in comitatu Urgellense" by charter dated 5 Sep 988 which names "fratri meo Mironi comiti…condam" and is subscribed by "Raimundus comes filio Borrello comitis"[210]. The testament of "Borellus comes" dated 24 Sep 993 names "uxore mea Aimerudis" and also "Aldria filia tua" when addressing his wife, which provides confirmation of her first marriage[211].

Borrell [II] & his first wife had five children: 

• 1. daughter (before 6 Jun 969-). Comte Borrell donated property to the monastery of San Saturnino de Urgell, for the souls of "…uxoris meæ Letgarda vel prolis meæ, que de me et illa procreata est, et…fratris mei Mironis comitis atque marchionis", by charter dated 6 Jun 969[212]. It is not known whether this daughter was the same as one of the other daughters of Borrell named below.
• 2. RAMON BORRELL [I] de Barcelona ([971/26 May 972]-25 Feb 1017).
• 3. ARMENGOL [I] de Barcelona "él de Córdoba" ([973/77]-1 Sep 1010, bur Ripoll).
• 4. ERMENGARDE de Barcelona (-after 10 Oct 1029).
• 5. RIQUILDA de Barcelona (-after 1041).

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W i k i  S p a m 

Borrell II (c. 946 - 992) Conde de Barcelona, Gerona y Osona y Urgel. Hijo de Suñer I.

Al retirarse su padre a una vida monacal en 947 Borrell II accedió al gobierno de los condados de Barcelona, Gerona y Osona. Hasta 966 compartió esta tarea con su hermano Miró I. En 948 heredó el condado de Urgel al morir su tío Sunifredo II. Borrell II utilizó también el título de dux Gothiæ.[1]

Se casó con Letgarda de Tolosa, hija de Raimundo III, duque de Aquitania, con la que tuvo dos hijos y dos hijas: Ramón Borrell, Ermengol, Ermengarda y Riquilda. Tras la muerte de Letgarda se volvió a casar, esta vez con Eimeruda de Alvernia.

Al contrario que su padre, fue un conde más diplomático que militar. Procuró mantener siempre relaciones cordiales con sus dos poderosos vecinos: los francos al norte y los andalusís al sur. Intercambió embajadas con Córdoba (centro del poder musulmán) y firmó un tratado de paz con el califa Al-Hakam II.

También mantuvo buenas relaciones con el papado. En 970 viajó a Roma para intentar reorganizar la administración religiosa catalana (restauró el arzobispado de Tarragona).

Fue protector de las ciencias y de la cultura. Invitó al monje Gerberto de Aurillac (que años más tarde llegaría a Papa con el nombre de Silvestre II) a residir en el condado para que ampliara sus estudios.

A pesar de todos sus esfuerzos diplomáticos, bajo su mandato los territorios de la Marca Hispánica sufrieron graves ataques por parte del caudillo musulmán Almanzor, quien arrasó Barcelona en 985. La ciudad quedó parcialmente destruida y fue saqueada y muchos de sus habitantes fueron hechos prisioneros. Fruto de estos continuados ataques -978, 982, 984 y 985-, fue preciso el abandono de la ciudad de Tarragona,[2] que no volvió a ser ocupada de forma definitiva hasta 1118, por parte del conde Ramón Berenguer III.

Las peticiones de ayuda del conde Borrell II no fueron atendidas por el rey franco Lotario que en esos momentos se enfrentaba a sus propios problemas en Verdún. Como consecuencia de esto y como resultado de un creciente desarraigo de los condes de Barcelona respecto a sus antiguos señores, en 988 Borrell II se negó a renovar el pacto de vasallaje con el nuevo rey franco, Hugo Capeto, e instauró la independencia de hecho de los territorios bajo su poder.

A partir de 988 compartió el gobierno con sus hijos Ramón Borrell y Ermengol que empezaron a gobernar en solitario en 992, año en que se supone falleció Borrell II.

Referencias [editar]

1. ↑ Thierry Dutour, La ciudad medieval: orígenes y triunfo de la Europa urbana, p. 53. — Paidós, Buenos Aires, 2005. ISBN 950-12-5043-1 2. ↑ F. Xavier Hernàndez, Història Militar de Catalunya. Vol. I, p. 162 — Rafael Dalmau, Editor, Barcelona, 2003. ISBN 84-232-0639-4

Borrel II (died 993) was Count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 945 and Count of Urgell from 948.

Borrell is first seen acting as count during the reign of his father Marquis Sunyer in 945 at the consecration of the nunnery church of Sant Pere de les Puelles in Barcelona, and succeeded Sunyer along with his brother Miró I in 947, while in 948 he inherited Urgell from his uncle Sunifred II.[1] Miró died in 966, leaving Borrell sole ruler of more than half of Old Catalonia, a status which led outsiders and flatterers to refer to him as 'dux Gothiae', "Duke of Gothia". His own documents almost all refer to him merely as 'comes et marchio', "Count and Marquis".[2]

In 967 he married Ledgarda, daughter of Raymond III of Toulouse, with whom he had two sons and two daughters: Ramon Borrell, Ermengol, Ermengarda and Richilda. After his wife's death circa 986 he married Eimeruda of Auvergne in 987.

Borrell's military career seems to have been undistinguished—he is recorded fighting only two battles and seems to have lost both, and it was under his rule that Barcelona was sacked in 985 by the Muslim leader al-Mansur, as discussed below.[3][4] On the other hand, he was a far greater success as a diplomat. Before the attacks of the 980s, and discounting a single raid by the Caliph al-Hakam II soon after his succession in 961, he maintained cordial relations with the Muslim rulers of Córdoba and also sent emissaries to the kings of the Franks.[5] In 970, furthermore, he himself voyaged to Rome to meet with Pope John XIII and Emperor Otto I.[6]

Borrell was also a patron of learning and culture. In 967, Borrell visited the monastery of Aurillac and the Abbot asked the count to take Gerbert of Aurillac with him so that the lad could study mathematics in Spain. In the following years, Gerbert studied under the direction of Bishop Ato of Vich, some 60 km north of Barcelona, and probably also at the nearby Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll.[7] He was also taken on the 970 embassy to Rome, during which the Pope persuaded Otto to employ Gerbert as a tutor for his young son, the future emperor Otto II.

In 985 however the Hispanic March was attacked by the Muslim general al-Mansur. Al-Mansur managed to take Barcelona which was pillaged and sacked. Many citizens were taken prisoner by the Muslim forces.[8] Borrell sent a request to help to King Lothar III, the current King of the Western Franks,[9] but although documents of Borrell's refer to royal orders that must have come from this embassy,[10] actual military assistance was beyond Lothar's power. What appears to have been a similar plea to Hugh Capet resulted in a letter from Hugh to Borrell promising aid if the count preferred "to obey us rather than the Ishmaelites",[11] but in the event Hugh could not persuade his nobles to support a southern expedition.[12] No answer to Hugh's letter is known from Borrell, and the connection between the March and France was effectively broken. Catalan historians now consider this the point at which their nation became a sovereign power, and the millennium of their independence was celebrated in 987 with conferences and numerous publications, but in fact the Catalan counties other than Borrell's appear to have retained links with the Frankish crown for a little longer.[13]

From 988 onwards, Borrell's sons Ramon Borrell and Ermengol appear as rulers in a divided territory, with Ramon Borrell inheriting the core triad of Barcelona, Girona and Osona and Ermengol taking over in Urgell.[14] Borrell continued to issue documents and tour his domains, however, and when he was taken ill in 993 in Castellciutat near la Seu d'Urgell, the will that he made provided for him outliving his executors.[15] It was not to be, however, and his death followed soon afterwards.[16]

Notes

  1. ^ An old historiography confuses Borrell's father Sunyer with Sunifred I Count of Cerdanya (928-66). The correct succession to the Catalan counties was clarified by Prosper de Bofarull, Los Condes de Barcelona Vindicados, y Cronología y Genealogía de los Reyes de España considerados como Soberianos Independientes de su Marca. Tomo I: abraza los siete primeros, desde el año 874 al 1035. Barcelona 1836, reprinted 1990.

  2. ^ Jonathan Jarrett, Pathways of Power in late-Carolingian Catalonia. Ph. D. thesis, University of London, 2005, pp. 192–93.

  3. ^ Catalunya Carolíngia V: els comtats de Girona, Besalú, Empúries i Peralada. Editors Santiago Sobrequés i Vidal, S. Riera i Viader, Manuel Rovira i Solà, completed by Ramon Ordeig i Mata. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2005. Doc. no. 457.

  4. ^ Pierre de Marca, Marca Hispanica sive Limes Hispanicus, hoc est geographica & historica descriptio cataloniae, ruscinonis, & circumiacentium populorum. Edited by Étienne Baluze. Paris 1688; reprinted Barcelona 1972 & 1989. Translated by J. Icart as Marca Hispànica, o País de la Frontera Hispanica: versió catalana. Barcelona 1965. Appendix no. CXXXIII.

  5. ^ Philippe Sénac, "Note sur les relations diplomatiques entre les comtes de Barcelone et le califat de Cordoue au Xe siècle". Histoire et Archéologie des Terres Catalanes au Moyen Âge. Edited by Philippe Sénac. Perpignan 1995, pp. 87–101.

  6. ^ Richer, Histories, cap. III.43. Edited as Richer von Sankt-Remi: Historiae'. Editor Harmut Hoffmann. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores 38. Hannover: Hahn 2000.

  7. ^ Betty Mayfield, "Gerbert d'Aurillac and the March of Spain: A Convergence of Cultures"

  8. ^ Gaspar Feliu i Montfort, [http://www.iecat.net/butlleti/pdf/116_butlleti_feliu.pdf La presa de Barcelona per Almansor. Història i mitificació]. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2007.

  9. ^ The Letters of Gerbert with his Papal Privileges as Sylvester II, translated with an introduction. Translated by H. P. Lattin. Records of Civilisation: sources and studies 60. New York 1961. No. 77

 10. ^ Diplomatari de la vila de Cardona, anys 966–1276: Arxiu Parroquial de Sant Miquel i Sant Vicenç de Cardona, Arxiu Abacial de Cardona, Arxiu Históric de Cardona, Arxius Patrimonials de les masies Garriga de Bergus, Pala de Coma i Pinell. Edited by A. Galera i Pedrosa. Colleció Diplomataris 15. Barcelona: Fundació Noguera 1998. Doc. no. 7

 11. ^ Lattin, Letters, no. 120.

 12. ^ Richer, Historiae IV.12.

 13. ^ J. Dufour, "Obédience respective des Carolingiens et des Capétiens (fin Xe siècle–début XIe siècle)". Catalunya i França Meridional a l'entorn de l'any mil: la Catalogne et la France méridionale autour de l'an mil. Colloque International du D. N. R. S./Generalitat de Catalunya « Hugues Capet 987-1987 : la France de l'an mil », Barcelona 2-5 juliol 1987. Edited by Xavier Barral i Altet, Dominique Iogna-Prat, Anscari M. Mundó, Josep María Salrach & Michel Zimmermann. Col·lecció Actes de Congressos 2. Barcelona 1991, pp. 21–44.

 14. ^ Bofarull, Condes, I pp. 139–53.

 15. ^ "Els documents, dels anys 981–1010, de l'Arxiu Capitular de la Seu d'Urgell". Edited by Cebrià Baraut. Urgellia Vol. 3. Montserrat 1980. Pages 7–166. Doc. no 232.

 16. ^ Cebrià Baraut, "La data i el lloc de la mort del comte Borrell II de Barcelona-Urgell". Urgellia Vol. 10. Montserrat 1990, pp. 469–72.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrell_II_of_Barcelona

Borrel II (died 992) was Count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 947 and Count of Urgel from 948.

He was the son of Sunifred II. During his reign, he employed the title dux Gothiæ, or "Duke of Gothia." In 947, he retired his father to a monastery and took over the government of the Counties: Barcelona, Gerona, and Ausona. He ruled jointly with his brother Miro I until 966. In 948, he inherited Urgel.

He married Letgarda, daughter of Raymond III of Toulouse, with whom he had two sons and two daughters: Ramon Borrell, Ermengol, Ermengarda and Richilda. After his wife's death he married again Eimeruda of Auvergne.

He was a diplomat, not a warrior like his father. He maintained cordial relations with his most powerful neighbours: the Franks to the north and the Moors to the south. He exchanged many emissaries with the Caliphate of Córdoba and confirmed a peace treaty with Al-Hakam II. He likewise maintained good relations with the papacy.

Borrell was also a patron of learning and culture. In 967, Borrell visited the monastery of Aurillac and the Abbot asked the count to take Gerbert of Aurillac with him so that the lad could study mathematics in Spain. In the following years, Gerbert studied under the direction of Bishop Atto of Vich, some 60 km north of Barcelona, and probably also at the nearby Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll.[1]

In 969 and 970, he travelled to Rome to meet Pope John XIII and the Emperor Otto I in order to reorganise the ecclesiastical structure in Catalonia. This included the reinstatement of the Archdiocese of Tarragona. The Pope persuaded Otto to employ Gerbert as a tutor for his young son, the future emperor Otto II.

In 985 however the Hispanic March was attacked by Moorish General Almanzor. This was the largest and most serious attack during Borrell's reign. Almanzor managed to take Barcelona which was pillaged and sacked. Many citizens were taken prisoner by the Muslim forces. Borrell's petitions sent to Lothair the current , King of France, in Verdun were ignored. As a consequence of this, when Hugh Capet ascended the French throne in 988 Borrell refused to pledge his fealty. As a result the bond of vassalage between the March and France was broken. De facto independence had begun in earnest and Catalonia became drawn into a more Iberian influence.

In 988, Borrell divided his lands between his sons, giving Ramon Borrell his original inheritance (from 947) and Ermengol the County of Urgel. In 992 after passing over all government roles he died.

Borrell is first seen acting as count during the reign of his father Marquis Sunyer in 945 at the consecration of the nunnery church of Sant Pere de les Puelles in Barcelona, and succeeded Sunyer along with his brother Miró I in 947, while in 948 he inherited Urgell from his uncle Sunifred II. Miró died in 966, leaving Borrell sole ruler of more than half of Old Catalonia, a status which led outsiders and flatterers to refer to him as 'dux Gothiae', "Duke of Gothia". His own documents almost all refer to him merely as 'comes et marchio', "Count and Marquis".

In 967 he married Ledgarda, daughter of Raymond III of Toulouse, with whom he had two sons and two daughters: Ramon Borrell, Ermengol, Ermengarda and Richilda. After his wife's death circa 986 he married Eimeruda of Auvergne in 987.

Borrell's military career seems to have been undistinguished—he is recorded fighting only two battles and seems to have lost both, and it was under his rule that Barcelona was sacked in 985 by the Muslim leader al-Mansur, as discussed below. On the other hand, he was a far greater success as a diplomat. Before the attacks of the 980s, and discounting a single raid by the Caliph al-Hakam II soon after his succession in 961, he maintained cordial relations with the Muslim rulers of Córdoba and also sent emissaries to the kings of the Franks. In 970, furthermore, he himself voyaged to Rome to meet with Pope John XIII and Emperor Otto I.

Borrell was also a patron of learning and culture. In 967, Borrell visited the monastery of Aurillac and the Abbot asked the count to take Gerbert of Aurillac with him so that the lad could study mathematics in Spain. In the following years, Gerbert studied under the direction of Bishop Ato of Vich, some 60 km north of Barcelona, and probably also at the nearby Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll. He was also taken on the 970 embassy to Rome, during which the Pope persuaded Otto to employ Gerbert as a tutor for his young son, the future emperor Otto II.

In 985 however the Hispanic March was attacked by the Muslim general al-Mansur. Al-Mansur managed to take Barcelona which was pillaged and sacked. Many citizens were taken prisoner by the Muslim forces. Borrell sent a request to help to King Lothar III, the current King of the Western Franks but although documents of Borrell's refer to royal orders that must have come from this embassy, actual military assistance was beyond Lothar's power. What appears to have been a similar plea to Hugh Capet resulted in a letter from Hugh to Borrell promising aid if the count preferred "to obey us rather than the Ishmaelites", but in the event Hugh could not persuade his nobles to support a southern expedition. No answer to Hugh's letter is known from Borrell, and the connection between the March and France was effectively broken. Catalan historians now consider this the point at which their nation became a sovereign power, and the millennium of their independence was celebrated in 987 with conferences and numerous publications, but in fact the Catalan counties other than Borrell's appear to have retained links with the Frankish crown for a little longer.

From 988 onwards, Borrell's sons Ramon Borrell and Ermengol appear as rulers in a divided territory, with Ramon Borrell inheriting the core triad of Barcelona, Girona and Osona and Ermengol taking over in Urgell. Borrell continued to issue documents and tour his domains, however, and when he was taken ill in 993 in Castellciutat near la Seu d'Urgell, the will that he made provided for him outliving his executors. It was not to be, however, and his death followed soon afterwards.

Count Of Barcelona Wilfred I DE BARCELONA

(Abt 840-After 897)

Countess Of Flanders Guinidilda DE FLANDERS

(Abt 865-)

Count De Toulouse Eudes DE TOULOUSE

(863-919)

Countess Of Albi Garsinde DE ALBI

(871-)

Sunifred Besalu DE BARCELONA

(878-948)

Adelaide DE TOULOUSE

(Abt 915-Abt 954)

Count Borrell II DE BARCELONA

(Abt 940-992)

Family Links

Spouses/Children:

Luitgarde DE TOULOUSE

   * Count Of Barcelona Raymond I Borrel BERENGAR+

* Armengol I DE URGEL+
Count Borrell II DE BARCELONA

   * Born: Abt 940, Barcelona, Spain

* Marriage: Luitgarde DE TOULOUSE
* Died: 30 Sep 992 about age 52
Borrell married Luitgarde DE TOULOUSE, daughter of Count De Toulouse Raymond III Pons DE TOULOUSE and Garsinde DE GASCOGNE. (Luitgarde DE TOULOUSE was born about 952 in Toulouse, France and died after 977.)