Additional Curator's Notes:

Medieval Scholar Wegener speculates that the wife of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria was the daughter of Eberhard, Duke of the March of Friulia, of the Unruochingi line, on the basis of the transmission of the names Eberhard and Judith into the Luitpoldinger family, used first for Duke Arnulf's children. However, from a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that the wife of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria was the daughter of Duke Eberhard, and Gisela of Cysoing, granddaughter of Charlemagne. While some scholars believe this daughter of Eberhard was named Judith, others believe she was a different person, whose name has gotten lost over time.

We know that Eberhard died in 866. Gisela was born between 815 and 825, but probably 819. Her first child was born c.837 and her last child could not have been born past the early 860's. Duke Arnulf's children were probably born between 910 and 930, suggesting that their mother was born between 880 and 890. For the mother of Arnulf's children to be related to Eberhard's family, either she was born before her father's death 866 (and unlikely to be bearing children in 910-930) or her mother had a child after Eberhard's death and approaching her 90th birthday!

For more information on the very complicated Unrochingi line, please refer to http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORTHERN%20ITALY%20900-1100.htm#Ebe...

Maria Edmonds-Zediker, Volunteer Curator, Jan. 23, 2014

*************************************************

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BAVARIA.htm#Luitpolddied907

ARNULF, son of LUITPOLD Markgraf in Bavaria & his [first] wife --- ([875/85]-14 Jul 937, bur Regensburg St Emmeram). Regino records that "filius suus [=Liutbaldus dux] Arnulfus" succeeded his father as dux in 907[161]. The Salzburg Annals name "Liupoldus dux, pater Arnolfi ducis"[162]. His birth date range is estimated based on the likelihood that Arnulf must have been adult and established in his career when he was accepted as his father's successor in 907, but must be considered approximate. He referred to himself in 908 as ARNULF Duke of Bavaria in a charter confirming an exchange of land between Drakolf Bishop of Freising and Konrad chor-bishop of Freising[163]. "Chuonradus…rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erchangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[164], which shows not only that Arnulf was not titled "dux" in official national documents but also that he was considered second in importance among the nobility in the realm at that time, assuming that the order of the names is of significance. He had the power to distribute bishoprics in his territory, although the right passed to the king of Germany on his death[165]. He was expelled from Bavaria by his stepfather Konrad I King of Germany in 915 but soon returned[166]. A reaffirmation of his rule by the Bavarians in 919 is recorded in the 12th century copies of the Salzburg Annals, which imply that he may have been appointed to rule as king in a wider German context, presumably as a rival to Heinrich I King of Germany[167]. He submitted to King Heinrich in 921[168]. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed donations to Kloster Kempten by charter dated 30 Jun 929 at the request of "comitum Arnolfi et Heberhardi"[169]. This charter appears to refer to Arnulf and his son, although it is surprising that Arnulf is not referred to with the title "dux". The necrology of Fulda records the death in 937 of "Arnolt dux"[170]. The necrology of St Gall records the death "II Id Jul" of "Arnolfi ducis Baioariorum"[171].

m ---. The name and origin of Duke Arnulf's wife are not known. Wegener[172] speculates that she was --- of Friulia, daughter of Eberhard Duke of the March of Friulia [Unruochingi], ostensibly for onomastic reasons on the basis of the transmission of the names Eberhard and Judith into the family, used first for Duke Arnulf's children. This daughter is, however, not listed among the children of Duke Eberhard set out in the cartulary of Cysoing abbey[173], although she may be identical to one of the unnamed daughters. From a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that the wife of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria was the daughter of Duke Eberhard. The latter's children must have been born between [840] and [860], whereas Duke Arnulf's children were probably born between [905] and [920], suggesting that their mother was born in [880/90].

Duke Arnulf & his wife had seven child:

1. EBERHARD ([905/10]-after 938). The Annales ex Annalibus Ivravensibus Antiquis records that "Longobardi" accepted "Eparhardum filium Arnolfi ducis" as their lord in 934 and that his father confirmed his succession in Bavaria in 935[174]. His birth date range is based on the assumption that he was adult when accepted as his father's heir in 935. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed donations to Kloster Kempten by charter dated 30 Jun 929 at the request of "comitum Arnolfi et Heberhardi"[175]. This charter appears to refer to Arnulf and his son, although it is surprising that Arnulf is not referred to with the title "dux". He succeeded his father in 937 as EBERHARD Duke of Bavaria. Pope Leo VII addressed a letter dated 938 to "Eberhardo duci Bawariorum"[176]. After Duke Eberhard defied him in some way, Otto I King of Germany invaded Bavaria twice in 938, deposed Eberhard and forced him into exile after the second expedition[177].

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria

Arnulf (birth unknown; died 14 July 937), also known as the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), a member of the Luitpolding dynasty, held the title of a Duke of Bavaria from about 907 until his death in 937.

The year of Arnulf's birth is unknown, but it is said that he was the namesake of other Arnulfs and so would have been born around the time of the reign of the seventh century bishop Arnulf of Metz and the Carolingian king Arnulf of Carinthia.[1] Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunde, herself a member of the Ahalolfing dynasty, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. Her brother Erchanger assumed the Swabian ducal title in 915.

Under the weak rule of the East Frankish king Louis the Child, Margrave Luitpold had already achieved a strong position in the Bavarian lands, succeeding the Wilhelminer margraves. He ruled over extended estates along the Danube with Regensburg (Ratisbon), and in the adjacent Nordgau.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Arnulf I "den Onde" von Bayern. Hertig. Född 886. Död 937.

---

Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 (Redirected from Arnulf I of Bavaria)

Arnulf (died 14 July 937), called the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), was the duke of Bavaria from 907 until his death. He was a member of the Luitpolding dynasty.

Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunda, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. After the death of his father at the 907 Battle of Brezalauspurc he followed him as ruler of the Bavarian estates around Regensburg.

Besieged by frequent raids by the Hungarians and desperate to raise funds to finance a defence, Arnulf strengthened his power through confiscation of church lands and property, which earned him the nickname "the Bad". He re-established the stem duchy of Bavaria and eventually negotiated a truce with the Hungarians who thereafter largely passed through Bavaria on their raids into other German territories.

Arnulf vigorously resisted King Conrad I, whom he had supported in the course of his election and who in 913 had married his mother Cunigunda. In Conrad's conflict with Erchanger and Burchard II of Swabia he backed his Swabian cousins and later challenged Conrad's successor, Henry the Fowler of Saxony. According to the Annales Iuvavenses, in 920, Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum: the Bavarians, with some other East Franks, elected Arnulf king in opposition to Henry (actually in 919). Arnulf's "reign" was short-lived. Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921, confirmed his sovereignty over Bavaria in return for Arnulf's renunciation of his royal claim.

Arnulf was married to Judith of Friuli, daughter of Count Eberhard of Friuli and Gisela of Verona. Arnulf's daughter Judith married Henry I of Bavaria, brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Arnulf died in Regensburg in 937 and is buried at St. Emmeram's Abbey.

[edit]References

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.

---

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._%28Bayern%29

Arnulf I. (Bayern)

aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie

Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche

Arnulf I. der Böse († 14. Juli 937 in Regensburg) war seit 907 Herzog von Bayern. Er stammte aus dem Geschlecht der Luitpoldinger. Arnulf war Sohn des Markgrafen Luitpold und der Kunigunde, Schwester von Berchthold I., Pfalzgraf von Schwaben.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Anzeigen]

   * 1 Landespolitik

* 2 Reichspolitik
* 3 Nachkommen
* 4 Literatur
* 5 Weblinks
Landespolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf konnte auf den Grundlagen der Macht, die Luitpold gelegt hatte, aufbauen und nahm bald darauf den Herzogstitel an. Dabei konnte er auf die Unterstützung des bayerischen Adels setzen, der hoffte, dadurch seine eigene Stellung verbessern zu können. Wichtigste Aufgabe Arnulfs war es, die wiederholten Raubzüge der Magyaren weit nach Bayern und ins Reich hinein zu stoppen. Zur wirksamen Bekämpfung der Ungarn musste er das bayerische Heer, das in der Schlacht von Pressburg vernichtend geschlagen wurde, reorganisieren. Um die dafür nötigen Mittel zu gewinnen zog er das Kirchengut ein und verlieh es an seine Lehnsvasallen. Dafür bekam er später den Beinamen der Böse. In mehreren Schlachten gelang es ihm, die Ungarn zurückzudrängen und 913 erreichte er von ihnen die vertragliche Zusicherung, in Bayern nicht mehr einzufallen.

Reichspolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf erneuerte das bayerische Stammesherzogtum. Auf Reichsebene verfolgte Arnulf eine Politik der Eigenständigkeit in inneren Angelegenheiten und nach außen gegenüber den deutschen Königen Konrad I. und Heinrich I. Er beteiligte sich zwar an der Wahl Konrads zum König. Ein Eingreifen Arnulfs zugunsten seiner verwandten Herzöge von Schwaben gegen Konrad führte zu einem längeren Konflikt, in dessen Verlauf Arnulf zeitweise zu den Ungarn floh.

Nach Konrads Tod kehrte Arnulf 918 mit ungarischer Hilfe in seine Residenzstadt Regensburg zurück und baute eine von der Zentralmacht weitgehend unabhängige Stellung auf. In der Forschung ist bisher nicht geklärt, ob Arnulf sich nach dem Tod Konrads zum Gegenkönig ausrufen ließ (Annales Iuvavenses Maximi zum Jahr 920: „Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum“) oder ein bayerisches Sonderkönigtum anstrebte. Im Vertrag von Regensburg 921 erkannte Arnulf jedoch nach Kämpfen mit Heinrich dessen Oberhoheit an. Heinrich billigte im Gegenzug Arnulfs eigenständige Herrschaft, zu der die Ernennung von Bischöfen (z.B. Starchand in Eichstätt), Einberufung von Synoden und Ausübung eigentlicher Regalien (Münzprägung, Zölle) gehörten. Außenpolitisch unterwarf er Böhmen und versuchte in einem (allerdings gescheiterten) Italienzug 933/934 die Langobardenkrone für seinen Sohn Eberhard zu erlangen, nachdem der langobardische Hochadel ihm diese angeboten hatte.

Arnulf wurde im St. Emmeram in Regensburg beigesetzt. Eine Gedenktafel für ihn fand Aufnahme in die Walhalla bei Regensburg.

Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf war verheiratet mit Judith von Friaul, Tochter des Grafen Eberhard im Sülichgau (aus dem Geschlecht der Unruochinger) und der Gisela von Verona. Arnulfs Tochter Judith heiratete Heinrich I. von Bayern, Bruder von Otto dem Großen. Seine Nachkommen waren:

   * Eberhard (* um 912, † um 940), 937–938 Herzog von Bayern

* Arnulf (* um 913, † 22. Juli 954), Pfalzgraf von Bayern
* Hermann († 954)
* Heinrich
* Ludwig (* um 930, † nach 974)
* Judith († nach 984), oo Herzog Heinrich I. von Bayern
* Tochter N.N.
Literatur [Bearbeiten]

   * Roman Deutinger: Königswahl und Herzogserhebung Arnulfs von Bayern. Das Zeugnis der älteren Salzburger Annalen zum Jahr 920, in: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 58, 2002, S. 17–68.

* Eberhard Holz / Wolfgang Huschner (Hrsg.): Deutsche Fürsten des Mittelalters. Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3361004373.
* Ludwig Holzfurtner: Gloriosus dux. Studien zu Herzog Arnulf von Bayern (907–937), München 2003, ISBN 3-406-10666-8. (Rezension)
* Kurt Reindel: Herzog Arnulf und das Regnum Bavariae. In: Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte 17 (1953/54), S. 187ff.
* Alois Schmid: Das Bild des Bayernherzogs Arnulf (907–937) in der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung von seinen Zeitgenossen bis zu Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, Kallmünz 1976, ISBN 3-7847-4005-7.
* Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 1, Hamm 1975, Sp. 246.
* Kurt Reindel: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 1. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, S. 396 f.
* Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Arnulf (Herzog von Bayern). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 1. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, S. 605–607.
Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

   * genealogie-mittelalter.de

Vorgänger Amt Nachfolger

Ludwig das Kind Herzog von Bayern

907–937 Eberhard

Normdaten: PND: 118504363 | WP-Personeninfo

Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 24. April 2010 um 20:25 Uhr geändert.

---

Arnulf (died 14 July 937), called the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), was the duke of Bavaria from 907 until his death. He was a member of the Luitpolding dynasty.

Early life

Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunda, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. After the death of his father at the Battle of Brezalauspurc in 907, he followed him as ruler of the Bavarian estates around Regensburg.

Later years

Besieged by frequent raids by the Hungarians and desperate to raise funds to finance a defence, Arnulf strengthened his power through confiscation of church lands and property, which earned him the nickname "the Bad". He re-established the stem duchy of Bavaria and eventually negotiated a truce with the Hungarians who thereafter largely passed through Bavaria on their raids into other German territories.

Arnulf vigorously resisted King Conrad I, whom he had supported in the course of his election and who in 913 had married his mother Cunigunda. In Conrad's conflict with Erchanger and Burchard II of Swabia he backed his Swabian cousins and later challenged Conrad's successor, Henry the Fowler of Saxony. According to the Annales Iuvavenses, in 920, Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum: the Bavarians, with some other East Franks, elected Arnulf king in opposition to Henry (actually in 919). Arnulf's "reign" was short-lived. Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921, confirmed his sovereignty over Bavaria in return for Arnulf's renunciation of his royal claim.

Arnulf died in Regensburg in 937 and is buried at St. Emmeram's Abbey.

Marriage

Many believe Arnulf was married to Judith of Friuli, daughter of Count Eberhard of Friuli and Gisela of Verona. The dates, however, do not match up. Judith of Friuli died ca. 881. This would have made a marriage between a boy (or at least young) Arnulf and an elder Judith, which was supposed to have produced several children 23 years or so after her death. More likely, therefore, is that he was married to Judith of Sulichgau (born ca. 888), daughter of Eberhard of Sulichgau.

Arnulf's daughter Judith married Henry I of Bavaria, brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.

---

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._(Bayern)

---------------------------

http://genealogy.euweb.cz/german/luitpold1.html#O1S

The Luitpoldings

One Luitpold, +846, had issue:

• A1. a son; m.N, a dau.of Rudolf Welf
  • B1. Luitpold/Leopold Markgraf von der Ostmark, Mkgf der Kärntner Mark, von Pannonien und der bayerischen Ostmark 895, +Pressburg 4.7.907; m.895/900 Kunigunde von Schwaben (*ca 879 +915), dau.of Berthold, Pfgf of Swabia
    • C1. Arnulf I, Herzog von Bayern (Duke of Bavaria) (907-937), *ca 898, +Regensburg 14.7.937; m.910/915 Judith of Friaul/von Sülichgau
      • ...
      • D7. Berthold I, Markgraf im bayerischen Nordgau, *915/926, +15.1./16.8.980; m.ca 949 Heilika, dau.of Gf Lothar von Walbeck
        • E1. Heinrich, Gf von Schweinfurt, *ca 975, +18.9.1017; m.before 1003 Gerberga von Gleiberg (*ca 970 +after 1017)
          • ...
          • F6. Heinrich I, Gf an der Pegnitz, Gf von Schweinfurt, *ca 992, +1043; m.N von Sualafeld/ Altdorf, dau.of Kuno I
            • G1. Heinrich II, Gf von Pegnitz und Weissinburg, +1080
            • G2. Kuno I, Gf von Lechsgemünd; m.Mathilde, dau.of Rudolf von Achalm; for their issue see HERE
            • G3. Otto I, Gf von Scheyern, Graf a.d. Paar 1045, Vogt von Freising 1047, +4.12.1072; 1m: Haziga von Diessen; 2m: N, dau.of Pfgf Hartwig II von Bayern; for their issue see HERE
            • G4. Friedrich, Gf zu Burg-Lengenfeld; m.Sigena von Laige

              ---

              
              

Arnulf I. (Bayern)

Arnulf I. der Böse († 14. Juli 937 in Regensburg) war seit 907 Herzog von Bayern. Er stammte aus dem Geschlecht der Luitpoldinger. Arnulf war Sohn des Markgrafen Luitpold und der Kunigunde, Schwester von Berchthold I., Pfalzgraf von Schwaben.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Verbergen] 1 Landespolitik

2 Reichspolitik

3 Nachkommen

4 Literatur

Landespolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf konnte auf den Grundlagen der Macht, die Luitpold gelegt hatte, aufbauen und nahm bald darauf den Herzogstitel an. Dabei konnte er auf die Unterstützung des baierischen Adels setzen, der hoffte, dadurch seine eigene Stellung verbessern zu können. Wichtigste Aufgabe Arnulfs war es, die wiederholten Raubzüge der Magyaren weit nach Bayern und ins Reich hinein zu unterbinden. Zur wirksamen Bekämpfung der Ungarn musste er das baierische Heer, das in der Schlacht von Pressburg vernichtend geschlagen wurde, reorganisieren. Um die dafür nötigen Mittel zu gewinnen, zog er das Kirchengut ein und verlieh es an seine Lehnsvasallen. Dafür bekam er später den Beinamen der Böse. In mehreren Schlachten gelang es ihm, die Ungarn zurückzudrängen, und 913 erhielt er von ihnen die vertragliche Zusicherung, in Bayern nicht mehr einzufallen.

Reichspolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf erneuerte das baierische Stammesherzogtum. Auf Reichsebene verfolgte Arnulf eine Politik der Eigenständigkeit in inneren Angelegenheiten und nach außen gegenüber den deutschen Königen Konrad I. und Heinrich I. Er beteiligte sich zwar an der Wahl Konrads zum König. Ein Eingreifen Arnulfs zugunsten der mit ihm verwandten Herzöge von Schwaben gegen Konrad führte zu einem längeren Konflikt, in dessen Verlauf Arnulf zeitweise zu den Ungarn floh.

Nach Konrads Tod kehrte Arnulf 918 mit ungarischer Hilfe in seine Residenzstadt Regensburg zurück und baute eine von der Zentralmacht weitgehend unabhängige Stellung auf. In der Forschung ist bisher nicht geklärt, ob Arnulf sich nach dem Tod Konrads zum Gegenkönig ausrufen ließ (Annales Iuvavenses Maximi zum Jahr 920: „Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum“) oder ein baierisches Sonderkönigtum anstrebte. Im Vertrag von Regensburg 921 erkannte Arnulf jedoch nach Kämpfen mit Heinrich dessen Oberhoheit an. Heinrich billigte im Gegenzug Arnulfs eigenständige Herrschaft, zu der die Ernennung von Bischöfen (z.B. Starchand in Eichstätt), Einberufung von Synoden und Ausübung eigentlicher Regalien (Münzprägung, Zölle) gehörten. Außenpolitisch unterwarf er Böhmen und versuchte in einem (allerdings gescheiterten) Italienzug 933/934 die Langobardenkrone für seinen Sohn Eberhard zu erlangen, nachdem der langobardische Hochadel ihm diese angeboten hatte.

Arnulf wurde im St. Emmeram in Regensburg beigesetzt. Eine Gedenktafel für ihn fand Aufnahme in die Walhalla bei Regensburg.

Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf war verheiratet mit Judith von Friaul, Tochter des Grafen Eberhard im Sülichgau (aus dem Geschlecht der Unruochinger) und der Gisela von Verona. Arnulfs Tochter Judith heiratete Heinrich I. von Bayern, Bruder von Otto dem Großen. Seine Nachkommen waren:

Eberhard (* um 912, † um 940), 937–938 Herzog von Bayern

Arnulf (* um 913, † 22. Juli 954), Pfalzgraf von Bayern

Hermann († 954)

Heinrich

Ludwig (* um 930, † nach 974)

Judith († nach 984), oo Herzog Heinrich I. von Bayern

Tochter N.N.

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

Roman Deutinger: Königswahl und Herzogserhebung Arnulfs von Bayern. Das Zeugnis der älteren Salzburger Annalen zum Jahr 920, in: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 58, 2002, S. 17–68.

Eberhard Holz / Wolfgang Huschner (Hrsg.): Deutsche Fürsten des Mittelalters. Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3361004373.

Ludwig Holzfurtner: Gloriosus dux. Studien zu Herzog Arnulf von Bayern (907–937), München 2003, ISBN 3-406-10666-8. (Rezension)

Kurt Reindel: Herzog Arnulf und das Regnum Bavariae. In: Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte 17 (1953/54), S. 187ff.

Alois Schmid: Das Bild des Bayernherzogs Arnulf (907–937) in der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung von seinen Zeitgenossen bis zu Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, Kallmünz 1976, ISBN 3-7847-4005-7.

Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 1, Hamm 1975, Sp. 246 (gekürzte Onlinefassung).

Kurt Reindel: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, S. 396 f.

Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Arnulf (Herzog von Bayern). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, S. 605–607.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._(Bayern)

---

Arnulf of Bavaria was the son of Luitpold of the Agilulfing family and of Kunigunde. He was Duke of Bavaria from 907 to 937. He was called Arnulf the "Bad Duke." . His reign fell in a troubled time. The Magyars had begun their predatory incursions into Germany, in which they destroyed everything, wherever they penetrated. When, in the year 907, they again advanced against Bavaria in larger numbers than ever, the Margrave Luitpold summoned the entire fighting force of his people for the defense of the country. The Bavarians, however, were completely defeated, July 5, 907, in a battle in which Luitpold himself, nearly all the Bavarian nobles, and a number of bishops, were killed. The land then became an easy prey to the barbarians and was ruthlessly devastated. Ludwig, King of the East Franks, withdrew to the western division of the empire.

It was under these almost hopeless conditions that Arnulf, the son of Luitpold, began his reign. He did not lose courage, however, and succeeded, August 11, 909, in defeating the Magyars on the Rott as they were returning from Swabia. The Magyars continued their plundering expeditions in the years directly following, until they were defeated in a battle on the Inn not far from Passau, in the year 913, by a combined army of the Bavarians under Arnulf and of the Swabians under Erchanger and Berchtold, who were the brothers of Arnulf's mother, Kunigunde.

When a quarrel broke out between King Conrad and the Swabian dukes, Arnulf took up arms against the king in favor of his uncles. The marriage of Conrad with Kunigunde, the mother of Arnulf and sister of the Swabian dukes, did not prevent the enmity. Arnulf was obliged to flee the country, but after a Swabian victory over followers of Conrad, he returned to Bavaria and established himself at Salzburg and Regensburg (Ratisbon). Conrad advanced in 916 against his stepson once more and defeated him, but was not able to drive him entirely out of the country.

Wanting to stop this disorder, the German bishops held a synod in 916 at Hohenaltheim near Nordlingen. The synod threatened Arnulf with excommunication if he did not present himself by October 7 before a synod at Regensburg. Arnulf, however, continued his struggle against Conrad.

He was eventually induced to submit by Conrad's successor, Henry I, but only after he was accorded the right of independent government in Bavaria, the right of coinage, and the right of appointment to the bishoprics. This agreement was made in 921, before Regensburg. After receiving these concessions Arnulf acknowledged the German king as his overlord. Otherwise, he was an independent ruler in his own land and called himself in his official documents "Duke of the Bavarians by the Grace of God".

During his struggle for the independence of Bavaria, Arnulf had confiscated many monastic estates and properties, and had granted these lands as fiefs to his nobles and soldiers. Many churches had already suffered greatly by the Magyars' attacks but Arnulf's actions completely impoverished the churces. Only one abbot, Egilolf of Niederaltaich, attended the Synod of Regensburg in 932. The great monasteries of Benediktbeuern, Isen, Moosburg, Niederaltaich, Schaftlarn, Schliersee, Tegernsee, and Wessobrunn, had lost almost all they possessed through Arnulf's confiscations, which were at times supported by some of the German bishops. Drakolf, Bishop of Freising, encouraged by the duke, appropriated some possessions of the churches of Schaftlarn, Moosburg, and Isen. This is how Arnulf earned the nicknamed "der Schlimme (the Bad)."

Once Arnulf submitted to King Henry, conditions for the churches improved. The Bavarian bishops met in synod at Regensburg, January 14, 932, and in the summer of the same year they held a synod in connection with other territorial nobles at Dingolfing. An agreement was reached that the lands wrested from the monasteries and other religious houses should be returned to them. Arnulf himself showed zeal in rebuilding the churches that had been destroyed.

Arnulf married Judith of Friuli (born c. 894 in Friulia, Italy). They had a large family, with eight to ten children attributed to them. He died July 14, 937, and was buried in the church of St. Emmeram in Regensburg.

For more information, see the following links:

• http://oce.catholic.com/index.php?title=Arnulf_of_Bavaria
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Emmeram's_Abbey
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria
• http://fabpedigree.com/s036/f561553.htm
• http://www.mathematical.com/selichgaujutte894.html

  ---

  
  

Hertug af Bayern 907.

Prøvede at blive romersk kejser, men måtte anerkende kejseren.

www.roskildehistorie.dk/stamtavler/konger/1_Vikingetid/Luitpoldinger.htm

---

folgt 907, nennt sich "Herzog dei Gratia von Bayern und den angrenzenden Ländern" setzt de n Abwehrkampf erfolgreich fort: Schlacht am Inn 913 mit schwäbischer Hilfe; 914-917 vom Stief vater (Konrad I.) nach Ungarn verjagt; wo er einen 14-jährigen Frieden vermittelt; greift i n böhmische Bruderkriege ein; will alte bayerische Hoheitsrechte erneuern; 919 deutscher Gege nkönig; akzeptiert 921 König Heinrich I., wird dafür Markgraf im Nordgau, erhält volles Inves titurrecht und da Recht zugestanden, über Reichsgut in Bayern zuverfügen; gerät schroff gegen die Kirche, da e r etlichen Besitz zugunsten seiner Anhänger säkularisiert (daher der Beiname "der Böse"); meh rmals Grenzkriege gegen Ungarn; hat wie sein Vater enge Beziehungen nach Italien; das er, alt en bayerischen Traditionen folgend, 933/34 für den Sohn zu Gewinnen sucht

---

Additional Curator's Notes:

Medieval Scholar Wegener speculates that the wife of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria was the daughter of Eberhard, Duke of the March of Friulia, of the Unruochingi line, on the basis of the transmission of the names Eberhard and Judith into the Luitpoldinger family, used first for Duke Arnulf's children. However, from a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that the wife of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria was the daughter of Duke Eberhard, and Gisela of Cysoing, granddaughter of Charlemagne. While some scholars believe this daughter of Eberhard was named Judith, others believe she was a different person, whose name has gotten lost over time.

We know that Eberhard died in 866. Gisela was born between 815 and 825, but probably 819. Her first child was born c.837 and her last child could not have been born past the early 860's. Duke Arnulf's children were probably born between 910 and 930, suggesting that their mother was born between 880 and 890. For the mother of Arnulf's children to be related to Eberhard's family, either she was born before her father's death 866 (and unlikely to be bearing children in 910-930) or her mother had a child after Eberhard's death and approaching her 90th birthday!

For more information on the very complicated Unrochingi line, please refer to http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORTHERN%20ITALY%20900-1100.htm#Ebe...

Maria Edmonds-Zediker, Volunteer Curator, Jan. 23, 2014

*************************************************

http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BAVARIA.htm#Luitpolddied907

ARNULF, son of LUITPOLD Markgraf in Bavaria & his [first] wife --- ([875/85]-14 Jul 937, bur Regensburg St Emmeram). Regino records that "filius suus [=Liutbaldus dux] Arnulfus" succeeded his father as dux in 907[161]. The Salzburg Annals name "Liupoldus dux, pater Arnolfi ducis"[162]. His birth date range is estimated based on the likelihood that Arnulf must have been adult and established in his career when he was accepted as his father's successor in 907, but must be considered approximate. He referred to himself in 908 as ARNULF Duke of Bavaria in a charter confirming an exchange of land between Drakolf Bishop of Freising and Konrad chor-bishop of Freising[163]. "Chuonradus…rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erchangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[164], which shows not only that Arnulf was not titled "dux" in official national documents but also that he was considered second in importance among the nobility in the realm at that time, assuming that the order of the names is of significance. He had the power to distribute bishoprics in his territory, although the right passed to the king of Germany on his death[165]. He was expelled from Bavaria by his stepfather Konrad I King of Germany in 915 but soon returned[166]. A reaffirmation of his rule by the Bavarians in 919 is recorded in the 12th century copies of the Salzburg Annals, which imply that he may have been appointed to rule as king in a wider German context, presumably as a rival to Heinrich I King of Germany[167]. He submitted to King Heinrich in 921[168]. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed donations to Kloster Kempten by charter dated 30 Jun 929 at the request of "comitum Arnolfi et Heberhardi"[169]. This charter appears to refer to Arnulf and his son, although it is surprising that Arnulf is not referred to with the title "dux". The necrology of Fulda records the death in 937 of "Arnolt dux"[170]. The necrology of St Gall records the death "II Id Jul" of "Arnolfi ducis Baioariorum"[171].

m ---. The name and origin of Duke Arnulf's wife are not known. Wegener[172] speculates that she was --- of Friulia, daughter of Eberhard Duke of the March of Friulia [Unruochingi], ostensibly for onomastic reasons on the basis of the transmission of the names Eberhard and Judith into the family, used first for Duke Arnulf's children. This daughter is, however, not listed among the children of Duke Eberhard set out in the cartulary of Cysoing abbey[173], although she may be identical to one of the unnamed daughters. From a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that the wife of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria was the daughter of Duke Eberhard. The latter's children must have been born between [840] and [860], whereas Duke Arnulf's children were probably born between [905] and [920], suggesting that their mother was born in [880/90].

Duke Arnulf & his wife had seven child:

1. EBERHARD ([905/10]-after 938). The Annales ex Annalibus Ivravensibus Antiquis records that "Longobardi" accepted "Eparhardum filium Arnolfi ducis" as their lord in 934 and that his father confirmed his succession in Bavaria in 935[174]. His birth date range is based on the assumption that he was adult when accepted as his father's heir in 935. "Heinricus…rex" confirmed donations to Kloster Kempten by charter dated 30 Jun 929 at the request of "comitum Arnolfi et Heberhardi"[175]. This charter appears to refer to Arnulf and his son, although it is surprising that Arnulf is not referred to with the title "dux". He succeeded his father in 937 as EBERHARD Duke of Bavaria. Pope Leo VII addressed a letter dated 938 to "Eberhardo duci Bawariorum"[176]. After Duke Eberhard defied him in some way, Otto I King of Germany invaded Bavaria twice in 938, deposed Eberhard and forced him into exile after the second expedition[177].

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria

Arnulf (birth unknown; died 14 July 937), also known as the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), a member of the Luitpolding dynasty, held the title of a Duke of Bavaria from about 907 until his death in 937.

The year of Arnulf's birth is unknown, but it is said that he was the namesake of other Arnulfs and so would have been born around the time of the reign of the seventh century bishop Arnulf of Metz and the Carolingian king Arnulf of Carinthia.[1] Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunde, herself a member of the Ahalolfing dynasty, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. Her brother Erchanger assumed the Swabian ducal title in 915.

Under the weak rule of the East Frankish king Louis the Child, Margrave Luitpold had already achieved a strong position in the Bavarian lands, succeeding the Wilhelminer margraves. He ruled over extended estates along the Danube with Regensburg (Ratisbon), and in the adjacent Nordgau.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Arnulf I "den Onde" von Bayern. Hertig. Född 886. Död 937.

---

Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 (Redirected from Arnulf I of Bavaria)

Arnulf (died 14 July 937), called the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), was the duke of Bavaria from 907 until his death. He was a member of the Luitpolding dynasty.

Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunda, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. After the death of his father at the 907 Battle of Brezalauspurc he followed him as ruler of the Bavarian estates around Regensburg.

Besieged by frequent raids by the Hungarians and desperate to raise funds to finance a defence, Arnulf strengthened his power through confiscation of church lands and property, which earned him the nickname "the Bad". He re-established the stem duchy of Bavaria and eventually negotiated a truce with the Hungarians who thereafter largely passed through Bavaria on their raids into other German territories.

Arnulf vigorously resisted King Conrad I, whom he had supported in the course of his election and who in 913 had married his mother Cunigunda. In Conrad's conflict with Erchanger and Burchard II of Swabia he backed his Swabian cousins and later challenged Conrad's successor, Henry the Fowler of Saxony. According to the Annales Iuvavenses, in 920, Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum: the Bavarians, with some other East Franks, elected Arnulf king in opposition to Henry (actually in 919). Arnulf's "reign" was short-lived. Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921, confirmed his sovereignty over Bavaria in return for Arnulf's renunciation of his royal claim.

Arnulf was married to Judith of Friuli, daughter of Count Eberhard of Friuli and Gisela of Verona. Arnulf's daughter Judith married Henry I of Bavaria, brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Arnulf died in Regensburg in 937 and is buried at St. Emmeram's Abbey.

[edit]References

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.

---

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._%28Bayern%29

Arnulf I. (Bayern)

aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie

Wechseln zu: Navigation, Suche

Arnulf I. der Böse († 14. Juli 937 in Regensburg) war seit 907 Herzog von Bayern. Er stammte aus dem Geschlecht der Luitpoldinger. Arnulf war Sohn des Markgrafen Luitpold und der Kunigunde, Schwester von Berchthold I., Pfalzgraf von Schwaben.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Anzeigen]

   * 1 Landespolitik

* 2 Reichspolitik
* 3 Nachkommen
* 4 Literatur
* 5 Weblinks
Landespolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf konnte auf den Grundlagen der Macht, die Luitpold gelegt hatte, aufbauen und nahm bald darauf den Herzogstitel an. Dabei konnte er auf die Unterstützung des bayerischen Adels setzen, der hoffte, dadurch seine eigene Stellung verbessern zu können. Wichtigste Aufgabe Arnulfs war es, die wiederholten Raubzüge der Magyaren weit nach Bayern und ins Reich hinein zu stoppen. Zur wirksamen Bekämpfung der Ungarn musste er das bayerische Heer, das in der Schlacht von Pressburg vernichtend geschlagen wurde, reorganisieren. Um die dafür nötigen Mittel zu gewinnen zog er das Kirchengut ein und verlieh es an seine Lehnsvasallen. Dafür bekam er später den Beinamen der Böse. In mehreren Schlachten gelang es ihm, die Ungarn zurückzudrängen und 913 erreichte er von ihnen die vertragliche Zusicherung, in Bayern nicht mehr einzufallen.

Reichspolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf erneuerte das bayerische Stammesherzogtum. Auf Reichsebene verfolgte Arnulf eine Politik der Eigenständigkeit in inneren Angelegenheiten und nach außen gegenüber den deutschen Königen Konrad I. und Heinrich I. Er beteiligte sich zwar an der Wahl Konrads zum König. Ein Eingreifen Arnulfs zugunsten seiner verwandten Herzöge von Schwaben gegen Konrad führte zu einem längeren Konflikt, in dessen Verlauf Arnulf zeitweise zu den Ungarn floh.

Nach Konrads Tod kehrte Arnulf 918 mit ungarischer Hilfe in seine Residenzstadt Regensburg zurück und baute eine von der Zentralmacht weitgehend unabhängige Stellung auf. In der Forschung ist bisher nicht geklärt, ob Arnulf sich nach dem Tod Konrads zum Gegenkönig ausrufen ließ (Annales Iuvavenses Maximi zum Jahr 920: „Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum“) oder ein bayerisches Sonderkönigtum anstrebte. Im Vertrag von Regensburg 921 erkannte Arnulf jedoch nach Kämpfen mit Heinrich dessen Oberhoheit an. Heinrich billigte im Gegenzug Arnulfs eigenständige Herrschaft, zu der die Ernennung von Bischöfen (z.B. Starchand in Eichstätt), Einberufung von Synoden und Ausübung eigentlicher Regalien (Münzprägung, Zölle) gehörten. Außenpolitisch unterwarf er Böhmen und versuchte in einem (allerdings gescheiterten) Italienzug 933/934 die Langobardenkrone für seinen Sohn Eberhard zu erlangen, nachdem der langobardische Hochadel ihm diese angeboten hatte.

Arnulf wurde im St. Emmeram in Regensburg beigesetzt. Eine Gedenktafel für ihn fand Aufnahme in die Walhalla bei Regensburg.

Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf war verheiratet mit Judith von Friaul, Tochter des Grafen Eberhard im Sülichgau (aus dem Geschlecht der Unruochinger) und der Gisela von Verona. Arnulfs Tochter Judith heiratete Heinrich I. von Bayern, Bruder von Otto dem Großen. Seine Nachkommen waren:

   * Eberhard (* um 912, † um 940), 937–938 Herzog von Bayern

* Arnulf (* um 913, † 22. Juli 954), Pfalzgraf von Bayern
* Hermann († 954)
* Heinrich
* Ludwig (* um 930, † nach 974)
* Judith († nach 984), oo Herzog Heinrich I. von Bayern
* Tochter N.N.
Literatur [Bearbeiten]

   * Roman Deutinger: Königswahl und Herzogserhebung Arnulfs von Bayern. Das Zeugnis der älteren Salzburger Annalen zum Jahr 920, in: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 58, 2002, S. 17–68.

* Eberhard Holz / Wolfgang Huschner (Hrsg.): Deutsche Fürsten des Mittelalters. Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3361004373.
* Ludwig Holzfurtner: Gloriosus dux. Studien zu Herzog Arnulf von Bayern (907–937), München 2003, ISBN 3-406-10666-8. (Rezension)
* Kurt Reindel: Herzog Arnulf und das Regnum Bavariae. In: Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte 17 (1953/54), S. 187ff.
* Alois Schmid: Das Bild des Bayernherzogs Arnulf (907–937) in der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung von seinen Zeitgenossen bis zu Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, Kallmünz 1976, ISBN 3-7847-4005-7.
* Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 1, Hamm 1975, Sp. 246.
* Kurt Reindel: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 1. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, S. 396 f.
* Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Arnulf (Herzog von Bayern). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 1. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, S. 605–607.
Weblinks [Bearbeiten]

   * genealogie-mittelalter.de

Vorgänger Amt Nachfolger

Ludwig das Kind Herzog von Bayern

907–937 Eberhard

Normdaten: PND: 118504363 | WP-Personeninfo

Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 24. April 2010 um 20:25 Uhr geändert.

---

Arnulf (died 14 July 937), called the Bad (German: der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), was the duke of Bavaria from 907 until his death. He was a member of the Luitpolding dynasty.

Early life

Arnulf was the son of Margrave Luitpold of Bavaria and Cunigunda, daughter of Berthold I, the count palatine of Swabia. After the death of his father at the Battle of Brezalauspurc in 907, he followed him as ruler of the Bavarian estates around Regensburg.

Later years

Besieged by frequent raids by the Hungarians and desperate to raise funds to finance a defence, Arnulf strengthened his power through confiscation of church lands and property, which earned him the nickname "the Bad". He re-established the stem duchy of Bavaria and eventually negotiated a truce with the Hungarians who thereafter largely passed through Bavaria on their raids into other German territories.

Arnulf vigorously resisted King Conrad I, whom he had supported in the course of his election and who in 913 had married his mother Cunigunda. In Conrad's conflict with Erchanger and Burchard II of Swabia he backed his Swabian cousins and later challenged Conrad's successor, Henry the Fowler of Saxony. According to the Annales Iuvavenses, in 920, Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum: the Bavarians, with some other East Franks, elected Arnulf king in opposition to Henry (actually in 919). Arnulf's "reign" was short-lived. Henry defeated him in two campaigns in 921, confirmed his sovereignty over Bavaria in return for Arnulf's renunciation of his royal claim.

Arnulf died in Regensburg in 937 and is buried at St. Emmeram's Abbey.

Marriage

Many believe Arnulf was married to Judith of Friuli, daughter of Count Eberhard of Friuli and Gisela of Verona. The dates, however, do not match up. Judith of Friuli died ca. 881. This would have made a marriage between a boy (or at least young) Arnulf and an elder Judith, which was supposed to have produced several children 23 years or so after her death. More likely, therefore, is that he was married to Judith of Sulichgau (born ca. 888), daughter of Eberhard of Sulichgau.

Arnulf's daughter Judith married Henry I of Bavaria, brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.

---

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._(Bayern)

---------------------------

http://genealogy.euweb.cz/german/luitpold1.html#O1S

The Luitpoldings

One Luitpold, +846, had issue:

• A1. a son; m.N, a dau.of Rudolf Welf
  • B1. Luitpold/Leopold Markgraf von der Ostmark, Mkgf der Kärntner Mark, von Pannonien und der bayerischen Ostmark 895, +Pressburg 4.7.907; m.895/900 Kunigunde von Schwaben (*ca 879 +915), dau.of Berthold, Pfgf of Swabia
    • C1. Arnulf I, Herzog von Bayern (Duke of Bavaria) (907-937), *ca 898, +Regensburg 14.7.937; m.910/915 Judith of Friaul/von Sülichgau
      • ...
      • D7. Berthold I, Markgraf im bayerischen Nordgau, *915/926, +15.1./16.8.980; m.ca 949 Heilika, dau.of Gf Lothar von Walbeck
        • E1. Heinrich, Gf von Schweinfurt, *ca 975, +18.9.1017; m.before 1003 Gerberga von Gleiberg (*ca 970 +after 1017)
          • ...
          • F6. Heinrich I, Gf an der Pegnitz, Gf von Schweinfurt, *ca 992, +1043; m.N von Sualafeld/ Altdorf, dau.of Kuno I
            • G1. Heinrich II, Gf von Pegnitz und Weissinburg, +1080
            • G2. Kuno I, Gf von Lechsgemünd; m.Mathilde, dau.of Rudolf von Achalm; for their issue see HERE
            • G3. Otto I, Gf von Scheyern, Graf a.d. Paar 1045, Vogt von Freising 1047, +4.12.1072; 1m: Haziga von Diessen; 2m: N, dau.of Pfgf Hartwig II von Bayern; for their issue see HERE
            • G4. Friedrich, Gf zu Burg-Lengenfeld; m.Sigena von Laige

              ---

              
              

Arnulf I. (Bayern)

Arnulf I. der Böse († 14. Juli 937 in Regensburg) war seit 907 Herzog von Bayern. Er stammte aus dem Geschlecht der Luitpoldinger. Arnulf war Sohn des Markgrafen Luitpold und der Kunigunde, Schwester von Berchthold I., Pfalzgraf von Schwaben.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

[Verbergen] 1 Landespolitik

2 Reichspolitik

3 Nachkommen

4 Literatur

Landespolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf konnte auf den Grundlagen der Macht, die Luitpold gelegt hatte, aufbauen und nahm bald darauf den Herzogstitel an. Dabei konnte er auf die Unterstützung des baierischen Adels setzen, der hoffte, dadurch seine eigene Stellung verbessern zu können. Wichtigste Aufgabe Arnulfs war es, die wiederholten Raubzüge der Magyaren weit nach Bayern und ins Reich hinein zu unterbinden. Zur wirksamen Bekämpfung der Ungarn musste er das baierische Heer, das in der Schlacht von Pressburg vernichtend geschlagen wurde, reorganisieren. Um die dafür nötigen Mittel zu gewinnen, zog er das Kirchengut ein und verlieh es an seine Lehnsvasallen. Dafür bekam er später den Beinamen der Böse. In mehreren Schlachten gelang es ihm, die Ungarn zurückzudrängen, und 913 erhielt er von ihnen die vertragliche Zusicherung, in Bayern nicht mehr einzufallen.

Reichspolitik [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf erneuerte das baierische Stammesherzogtum. Auf Reichsebene verfolgte Arnulf eine Politik der Eigenständigkeit in inneren Angelegenheiten und nach außen gegenüber den deutschen Königen Konrad I. und Heinrich I. Er beteiligte sich zwar an der Wahl Konrads zum König. Ein Eingreifen Arnulfs zugunsten der mit ihm verwandten Herzöge von Schwaben gegen Konrad führte zu einem längeren Konflikt, in dessen Verlauf Arnulf zeitweise zu den Ungarn floh.

Nach Konrads Tod kehrte Arnulf 918 mit ungarischer Hilfe in seine Residenzstadt Regensburg zurück und baute eine von der Zentralmacht weitgehend unabhängige Stellung auf. In der Forschung ist bisher nicht geklärt, ob Arnulf sich nach dem Tod Konrads zum Gegenkönig ausrufen ließ (Annales Iuvavenses Maximi zum Jahr 920: „Baiuarii sponte se reddiderunt Arnolfo duci et regnare ei fecerunt in regno teutonicorum“) oder ein baierisches Sonderkönigtum anstrebte. Im Vertrag von Regensburg 921 erkannte Arnulf jedoch nach Kämpfen mit Heinrich dessen Oberhoheit an. Heinrich billigte im Gegenzug Arnulfs eigenständige Herrschaft, zu der die Ernennung von Bischöfen (z.B. Starchand in Eichstätt), Einberufung von Synoden und Ausübung eigentlicher Regalien (Münzprägung, Zölle) gehörten. Außenpolitisch unterwarf er Böhmen und versuchte in einem (allerdings gescheiterten) Italienzug 933/934 die Langobardenkrone für seinen Sohn Eberhard zu erlangen, nachdem der langobardische Hochadel ihm diese angeboten hatte.

Arnulf wurde im St. Emmeram in Regensburg beigesetzt. Eine Gedenktafel für ihn fand Aufnahme in die Walhalla bei Regensburg.

Nachkommen [Bearbeiten]

Arnulf war verheiratet mit Judith von Friaul, Tochter des Grafen Eberhard im Sülichgau (aus dem Geschlecht der Unruochinger) und der Gisela von Verona. Arnulfs Tochter Judith heiratete Heinrich I. von Bayern, Bruder von Otto dem Großen. Seine Nachkommen waren:

Eberhard (* um 912, † um 940), 937–938 Herzog von Bayern

Arnulf (* um 913, † 22. Juli 954), Pfalzgraf von Bayern

Hermann († 954)

Heinrich

Ludwig (* um 930, † nach 974)

Judith († nach 984), oo Herzog Heinrich I. von Bayern

Tochter N.N.

Literatur [Bearbeiten]

Roman Deutinger: Königswahl und Herzogserhebung Arnulfs von Bayern. Das Zeugnis der älteren Salzburger Annalen zum Jahr 920, in: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 58, 2002, S. 17–68.

Eberhard Holz / Wolfgang Huschner (Hrsg.): Deutsche Fürsten des Mittelalters. Leipzig 1995, ISBN 3361004373.

Ludwig Holzfurtner: Gloriosus dux. Studien zu Herzog Arnulf von Bayern (907–937), München 2003, ISBN 3-406-10666-8. (Rezension)

Kurt Reindel: Herzog Arnulf und das Regnum Bavariae. In: Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte 17 (1953/54), S. 187ff.

Alois Schmid: Das Bild des Bayernherzogs Arnulf (907–937) in der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung von seinen Zeitgenossen bis zu Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, Kallmünz 1976, ISBN 3-7847-4005-7.

Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Band 1, Hamm 1975, Sp. 246 (gekürzte Onlinefassung).

Kurt Reindel: Arnulf, „der Böse“. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, S. 396 f.

Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Arnulf (Herzog von Bayern). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, S. 605–607.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf_I._(Bayern)

---

Arnulf of Bavaria was the son of Luitpold of the Agilulfing family and of Kunigunde. He was Duke of Bavaria from 907 to 937. He was called Arnulf the "Bad Duke." . His reign fell in a troubled time. The Magyars had begun their predatory incursions into Germany, in which they destroyed everything, wherever they penetrated. When, in the year 907, they again advanced against Bavaria in larger numbers than ever, the Margrave Luitpold summoned the entire fighting force of his people for the defense of the country. The Bavarians, however, were completely defeated, July 5, 907, in a battle in which Luitpold himself, nearly all the Bavarian nobles, and a number of bishops, were killed. The land then became an easy prey to the barbarians and was ruthlessly devastated. Ludwig, King of the East Franks, withdrew to the western division of the empire.

It was under these almost hopeless conditions that Arnulf, the son of Luitpold, began his reign. He did not lose courage, however, and succeeded, August 11, 909, in defeating the Magyars on the Rott as they were returning from Swabia. The Magyars continued their plundering expeditions in the years directly following, until they were defeated in a battle on the Inn not far from Passau, in the year 913, by a combined army of the Bavarians under Arnulf and of the Swabians under Erchanger and Berchtold, who were the brothers of Arnulf's mother, Kunigunde.

When a quarrel broke out between King Conrad and the Swabian dukes, Arnulf took up arms against the king in favor of his uncles. The marriage of Conrad with Kunigunde, the mother of Arnulf and sister of the Swabian dukes, did not prevent the enmity. Arnulf was obliged to flee the country, but after a Swabian victory over followers of Conrad, he returned to Bavaria and established himself at Salzburg and Regensburg (Ratisbon). Conrad advanced in 916 against his stepson once more and defeated him, but was not able to drive him entirely out of the country.

Wanting to stop this disorder, the German bishops held a synod in 916 at Hohenaltheim near Nordlingen. The synod threatened Arnulf with excommunication if he did not present himself by October 7 before a synod at Regensburg. Arnulf, however, continued his struggle against Conrad.

He was eventually induced to submit by Conrad's successor, Henry I, but only after he was accorded the right of independent government in Bavaria, the right of coinage, and the right of appointment to the bishoprics. This agreement was made in 921, before Regensburg. After receiving these concessions Arnulf acknowledged the German king as his overlord. Otherwise, he was an independent ruler in his own land and called himself in his official documents "Duke of the Bavarians by the Grace of God".

During his struggle for the independence of Bavaria, Arnulf had confiscated many monastic estates and properties, and had granted these lands as fiefs to his nobles and soldiers. Many churches had already suffered greatly by the Magyars' attacks but Arnulf's actions completely impoverished the churces. Only one abbot, Egilolf of Niederaltaich, attended the Synod of Regensburg in 932. The great monasteries of Benediktbeuern, Isen, Moosburg, Niederaltaich, Schaftlarn, Schliersee, Tegernsee, and Wessobrunn, had lost almost all they possessed through Arnulf's confiscations, which were at times supported by some of the German bishops. Drakolf, Bishop of Freising, encouraged by the duke, appropriated some possessions of the churches of Schaftlarn, Moosburg, and Isen. This is how Arnulf earned the nicknamed "der Schlimme (the Bad)."

Once Arnulf submitted to King Henry, conditions for the churches improved. The Bavarian bishops met in synod at Regensburg, January 14, 932, and in the summer of the same year they held a synod in connection with other territorial nobles at Dingolfing. An agreement was reached that the lands wrested from the monasteries and other religious houses should be returned to them. Arnulf himself showed zeal in rebuilding the churches that had been destroyed.

Arnulf married Judith of Friuli (born c. 894 in Friulia, Italy). They had a large family, with eight to ten children attributed to them. He died July 14, 937, and was buried in the church of St. Emmeram in Regensburg.

For more information, see the following links:

• http://oce.catholic.com/index.php?title=Arnulf_of_Bavaria
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Emmeram's_Abbey
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria
• http://fabpedigree.com/s036/f561553.htm
• http://www.mathematical.com/selichgaujutte894.html

  ---

  
  

Hertug af Bayern 907.

Prøvede at blive romersk kejser, men måtte anerkende kejseren.

www.roskildehistorie.dk/stamtavler/konger/1_Vikingetid/Luitpoldinger.htm

---

folgt 907, nennt sich "Herzog dei Gratia von Bayern und den angrenzenden Ländern" setzt de n Abwehrkampf erfolgreich fort: Schlacht am Inn 913 mit schwäbischer Hilfe; 914-917 vom Stief vater (Konrad I.) nach Ungarn verjagt; wo er einen 14-jährigen Frieden vermittelt; greift i n böhmische Bruderkriege ein; will alte bayerische Hoheitsrechte erneuern; 919 deutscher Gege nkönig; akzeptiert 921 König Heinrich I., wird dafür Markgraf im Nordgau, erhält volles Inves titurrecht und da Recht zugestanden, über Reichsgut in Bayern zuverfügen; gerät schroff gegen die Kirche, da e r etlichen Besitz zugunsten seiner Anhänger säkularisiert (daher der Beiname "der Böse"); meh rmals Grenzkriege gegen Ungarn; hat wie sein Vater enge Beziehungen nach Italien; das er, alt en bayerischen Traditionen folgend, 933/34 für den Sohn zu Gewinnen sucht