Ann Durant

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Ann Marwood Durant (Durand, Duren), the first woman named as an attorney in extant records of North Carolina, came to the colony with her husband, George Durant, about 1661. Ann Marwood married Durant on 4 Jan. 1658/59 in Northumberland County, Va. Her earlier history is not known. The couple settled first in Nansemond County, Va., but in 1661 or earlier they moved southward to the area then called Roanoke, which was soon to be granted to the Carolina Proprietors and named Albemarle. There they settled on the peninsula now called Durants Neck, in present-day Perquimans County, where George Durant bought an extensive tract of land from the local Indians.

Both of the Durants contributed substantially to the newly begun colony to which they had moved, although George's political activities are better known than Ann's less conspicuous contributions. During his frequent absences on public business or in pursuit of his occupation as mariner, Ann ran their plantation, acted as attorney for her husband and for others on occasion, and provided a variety of services and commodities for neighboring settlers. Not the least of her contributions was that of providing accommodations for the numerous officials and others attending meetings of the Assembly, Council, and courts, which frequently were held at the Durant home as well as informal meetings of politicians. During the period of civil strife that characterized the age, prisoners were sometimes lodged there.

The distinction of being the first woman known to have appeared as an attorney in a North Carolina court comes from Ann Durant's appearance on 25 May 1673 as attorney for a seaman named Andrew Ball. She successfully brought suit for wages due to Ball for service on a vessel called the Two Brothers . That she also acted as attorney for her husband is evidenced by an extant power of attorney, dated 17 May 1675, in which George empowered Ann to bring suit and take other actions to collect debts due him or to recover property belonging to him. Unlike her appearance on behalf of Ball, Ann's actions as attorney for her husband are not recorded in the few surviving official records of the period. That she did so act, however, is indicated by the endorsement on George's letter of attorney, which shows that the document was proved and officially recorded on 9 Oct. 1677.

Surviving records also show that Ann appeared in court on her own behalf from time to time to sue for debts owed her or as defendant in suits against her. The debts at issue in such suits arose in connection with her business activities, which apparently included operation of an inn or at least a less formal provision of board and lodging. Her bills contain such items as "his accommodations," "the Trubell of my House," and "attendance in his sickness." Other services listed in her bills include making shirts and leather breeches, making coffins, and arranging funerals. Among the articles for which she sought payment were beverages (rum, cider, and "quince drink"), stockings, cloth, thread, planks, nails, and corn.

Ann Durant's business and court room activities were combined with the bearing and rearing of a large family. She had nine children: George (b. December 1659), Elizabeth (b. February 1660/61), John (b. December 1662), Mary (b. February 1665/66), Thomas (b. August 1668), Sarah (b. January 1670), Martha (b. August 1673), Perthenia (b. August 1675), and Ann (b. April 1681). The eldest child, George, died shortly before his twelfth birthday, but the others lived to adulthood. In addition to her own children, Ann reared two of her grandchildren, Ann and Elizabeth Waller, children of her daughter Elizabeth, who were orphaned in infancy or early childhood.

At least six of the Durant children married. Elizabeth's husband was Thomas Waller. Sarah married Isaac Rowden. Perthenia was married twice, first to Joseph Sutton and subsequently to John Stevens. Ann married William Bartlett. John married Sarah Cooke (rendered Jooke by J. R. B. Hathaway). Thomas married Elizabeth Gaskill. It is not known whether Mary and Martha were married.

Ann Durant survived her husband about a year.

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Ann Marwood (a.k.a. Moorwood or Norwood) was probably the daughter of Joseph Marwood. Joseph, an indentured servant, was brought into Virginia in August of 1635, at the age of seventeen. He was named in the "Globe of London" as being transported by Jeremy Blackman, Master. Therefore, Ann was possibly born in Virginia. On January 4, 1658/9, Ann Marwood married George Durant. The Anglican ceremony was performed by Reverend David Lindsey in Northumberland County, Virginia. Two children were possibly born in that colony before the family relocated to North Carolina in the 1660s. While in Virginia, the married couple most likely lived in Nansemond County. On August 4, 1661, George Durant purchased land from Cisketando, a Yeopim Indian Chief. On March 13, 1661/2, a second purchase was made from Kilcocanen, also of the Yeopim tribe. The land chosen by Durant still bears the name of Durant's Neck (formerly known as Wikacome) and is located on a point of land bordered by the Albemarle Sound in southern Perquimans County, North Carolina. By 1662, Durant had already built a house and had cleared a part of the land. The new Durant plantation was named Wicocombe, after the Indian word for the area. Ann frequently managed her husband's estate alone, often for months at a time. George Durant was a mariner by profession, and this kept him at sea quite often. Ann gained strength of character through the running of the plantation and often hosted political dignitaries at the Durant home. She achieved a measure of independence unknown to most women of the seventeenth century. Court trials were usually held in private homes during Carolina's proprietary period and Wicocombe was often chosen for this purpose. Therefore, a set of stocks was eventually erected on the house grounds. In addition, the house hosted numerous officials and others attending meetings of the Assembly and Council - meetings which were themselves frequently held at Wicocombe. Lastly, the estate also appears to have been used as an inn. That Ann felt comfortable with legal matters becomes obvious after examination of existing colonial documents. Ann Durant first appeared in court on May 25, 1673, as the attorney for a seaman named Andrew Ball. In this case, she successfully brought suit for back wages due to Ball for service on a vessel called the Two Brothers. That she acted as attorney for her husband is evidenced by an extant power of attorney dated May 17, 1675, in which George empowered Ann to bring suit and take other actions to collect debts due him or to recover property belonging to him. In one instance, she appeared in court asking that money owed to her from another estate be paid. The court ruled in her favor and ordered the money to be paid to her husband. Surviving records also show that Ann appeared in court on her own behalf from time to time - to sue for debts owed her or as the defendant in suits against her. The debts at issue in these suits arose in connection with her business activities, which apparently included the operation of Wicocombe as an inn, or at least a less formal provision of board and lodging. Her bills contain such items as "his accommodations," "the Trubell of my House" and "attendance in his sickness." Other services listed in her bills include making shirts and leather breeches, making coffins, and arranging funerals. Among the articles for which she sought payment were beverages (rum, cider, and quince drink), stockings, cloth, thread, planks, nails, and corn. In his will, George Durant made his wife the "whole and sole Executrix" and granted her the plantation to live on for the rest of her natural life. Ann and George Durant produced nine children. Ann Marwood Durant is famous for being the first woman to have acted as attorney in a North Carolina court (in 1673 when she acted on behalf of Andrew Ball). A historical marker was placed in southern Perquimans County, on Durant's Neck, honoring her legal accomplishment. Her contributions to the newly begun colony of Carolina were less conspicuous than those of her husband, but just as important. It is not known what role Anne Marwood Durant played in Culpeper's Rebellion, but it is assumed that she supported her husband, as Wicocombe was the insurgent's headquarters during the uprising. In March of 1693/4, Ann Durant named her son John Durant to be "my true and Lawfull atorney." From then until her death, John acted on his mother's behalf in court. Ann Marwood Durant died on January 22 or 23, 1694. She survived her husband by less than two years.

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