Alan IV, 1st Earl of Cornwall and Richmond

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_de_Bretagne,_1st_Earl_of_Richmond

Alan of Penthièvre of Brittany, 1st Earl of Cornwall, 1st Earl of Richmond (before 1100 – 15 September 1146), Breton Alan Penteur, also known as "Alan the Black", was a Breton noble who fought for Stephen of England. Alan was the third son of Stephen, Count of Tréguier and Hawise de Guingamp.

In a politically arranged marriage Alan married Bertha of Brittany, daughter of Conan III, Duke of Brittany, perhaps in a move to draw Brittany onto Stephen's side in the conflict against the dispossessed Empress Matilda. In part to promote the alliance with Conan III of Brittany Stephen made Conan's son-in-law Alan 1st Earl of Richmond in the second creation. The title Earl of Richmond had been held by Alan's uncle Alan 'The Red, who had died heirless. Additionally, Stephen recognized Alan as Earl of Cornwall, in recognition of his other uncle Brian who had formerly possessed Cornwall, but Alan was deprived of it by Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester, after the Battle of Lincoln (1141).

With Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, he had three children:

   * Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, their son and heir.

* Constance, who married Alan III, Vicomte of Rohan.
* Enougen, abbess of St. Sulpice.
In addition, Alan had four illegitimate sons[3]:

   * Bryan FitzAlan, progenitor of the Lords of Bedale in Richmondshire.

* Stephen FitzAlan.
* Reynold FitzAlan.
* Robert FitzAlan.
Alan died in Brittany by 1146 and was buried at Bégard. After his death, Bertha returned to Brittany. There on his deathbed, Conan III renounced Hoèl as his son and heir and designated Bertha as his heiress. When he died, Bertha inherited the Duchy of Brittany. As the dowager Countess of Richmond, Bertha continued to represent the alliance between Brittany and Stephan's England.

Chester's grandson was made Duke of Brittany jure uxoris with Constance, Duchess of Brittany, which made him automatically Earl of Richmond.

Alan, 1er comte de Richmond

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Alain de Penthièvre (bc1100 - 15 Septembre, 1146, (Breton Alan Penteur) aussi connu comme Alan Black, était un noble breton qui se sont battus pour Étienne d'Angleterre (avant 1100 - 15 Septembre, 1146 ) Alan était le troisième fils d'Etienne, comte de Tréguier.

Dans un mariage arrangé politiquement Alan épousa Berthe de Bretagne, fille de Conan III, duc de Bretagne, peut-être dans un mouvement de tirer sur le côté Stephen Bretagne dans le conflit contre les dépossédés impératrice Mathilde. En partie pour promouvoir l'alliance avec Conan III de Bretagne Stephen fait de Conan le fils-frère Alan 1er comte de Richmond, dans la seconde création. Le titre de comte de Richmond avait été tenue par l'oncle d'Alan Alan «Le Rouge, qui était mort sans héritier. En outre, Stephen Alan reconnu comme comte de Cornwall, en reconnaissance de son autre oncle Brian qui avait autrefois possédé Cornwall, mais Alan a été privé par Ranulph de Gernon, 2 e comte de Chester, après la bataille de Lincoln (1141).

Avec Berthe de Bretagne, il a eu trois enfants:

    * Conan IV, duc de Bretagne, leur fils et héritier.

    * Constance, qui a épousé Alan III, vicomte de Rohan.

    * Enougen, abbesse de Saint-Sulpice.

En outre, Alan avait quatre fils illégitime [3]:

    * Bryan FitzAlan, ancêtre des seigneurs de Bedale dans Richmondshire.

    FitzAlan Stephen *.

    * FitzAlan Reynold.

    FitzAlan Robert *.

Alan est mort en Bretagne par 1146 et fut inhumé à Bégard. Après sa mort, Bertha retourne en Bretagne. Là, sur sa mort surprise-lit, Conan III renoncé Hoël que son fils et héritier désigné et Bertha comme son héritière. Quand il mourut, Bertha a hérité du duché de Bretagne. Comme la comtesse douairière de Richmond, Bertha a continué à représenter l'alliance entre la Bretagne et l'Angleterre de Stephan.

petit-fils de Chester a été fait duc de Bretagne uxoris jure avec Constance, duchesse de Bretagne, qui le fait automatiquement comte de Richmond.

Notes

   1. ^ Cockayne, GE, édité par Doubleday HA, Geoffrey H. White, & Lord Howard de Walden, la pairie complet, Londres, 1945, vol.x, p.788.

   2. ^ Cockayne et al. (1945) vol.x, p.791n, où il déclare qu'il est né avant son jeune frère Henri, qui est né en 1100.

   3. ^ Cockayne et al. (1945) vol.x, p.790n

Références

    * Galliou, Patrick, & Jones, Michael, Les Bretons, Oxford, 1991, p.191.

    * Barlow, le professeur Frank, Le royaume féodal de l'Angleterre 1042 - 1216, Londres, 1955, arbre p.288.Template face: Bretagne-hist-Portail

Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 (Redirected from Alan de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond)

Alan of Penthièvre (b.c.1100 – September 15, 1146, ( Breton Alan Penteur ) also known as Alan the Black, was a Breton noble who fought for Stephen of England (before 1100 – September 15, 1146) Alan was the third son of Stephen, Count of Tréguier.

In a politically arranged marriage Alan married Bertha of Brittany, daughter of Conan III, Duke of Brittany, perhaps in a move to draw Brittany onto Stephen's side in the conflict against the dispossessed Empress Matilda. In part to promote the alliance with Conan III of Brittany Stephen made Conan's son-in-law Alan as 1st Earl of Richmond in the second creation. The title Earl of Richmond had been held by Alan's uncle Alan 'The Red, who had died heireless. Additionally, Stephen recognized Alan as Earl of Cornwall, in recognition of his other uncle Brian who had formerly possessed Cornwall, but was deprived of it by Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester after the Battle of Lincoln (1141).

With Bertha of Brittany they had three children:

Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, their son and heir.

Constance, who married Alan III, Vicomte of Rohan.

Enougen, abbess of St. Sulpice.

In addition, Alan had four illegitimate sons[3]:

Bryan FitzAlan, progenitor of the Lords of Bedale in Richmondshire.

Stephen FitzAlan.

Reynold FitzAlan.

Robert FitzAlan.

Alan died in Brittany by 1146 and was buried at Bégard. After his death, Bertha returned to Brittany. There, on his surprise death-bed, Conan III renounced Hoèl as his son and heir and designated Bertha as his heiress. When he died, Bertha inherited the Duchy of Brittany. As the dowager Countess of Richmond, Bertha continued to represent the alliance between Brittany and Stephan's England.

Chester's grandson was made Duke of Brittany jure uxoris with Constance, Duchess of Brittany, which made him automatically Earl of Richmond.

Notes

^ Cockayne, G. E., edited by H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, & Lord Howard de Walden, The Complete Peerage, London, 1945, vol.x, p.788.

^ Cockayne et al (1945) vol.x, p.791n, where it states that he was born before his younger brother Henry, who was born in 1100.

^ Cockayne et al (1945) vol.x, p.790n

References

Galliou, Patrick, & Jones, Michael, The Bretons, Oxford, 1991, p.191.

Barlow, Professor Frank, The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042 - 1216, London,1955, tree opposite p.288.Template:Brittany-hist-stub

http://penningtons.tripod.com/jeptha.htm

From Medlands:

ALAIN "le Noir" de Penthièvre (before 1100-in Brittany 15 Sep 1146, bur Bégard Monastery). The undated record of an enquiry relating to the property rights of Henri d´Avaugour states that "le comte Estienne" had three children “Geffroi, Alain et Henri aieul de cest Henri ci-dessus”, adding that Alain was sent to England and was “comte de Richemont” and was in turn succeeded by “son fils Rivallon”[936]. “Stephanus comes Britanniæ” donated property to Rumburgh priory, for the souls of “comitissa Haudewisa…filiorum meorum et filiarum…Galfridi…Alani, Henrici” by undated charter[937]. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ names "Alanum" as son of "Stefanus frater…Alani", stating that he succeeded his father "in honorem Richemundiæ", dying "in Britannia III Kal Apr…1166" and his burial "apud Begar"[938]. He succeeded his father in [1135/36] as Lord of Richmond in Yorkshire. "Alan comes et indigena of England and count of Brittany" donated property to the abbey of Holy Trinity, Sauvigny by charter dated to [1137/46], subscribed by "…Hainrico fratre meo…"[939]. He supported King Stephen in the English civil war[940]. Seigneur de Guingamp. The Chronicon Britannico records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Comes in Anglia atque in Britannia"[941]. The Chronicon Kemperlegiensis records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger, Conani Ducis gener"[942]. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger Comes"[943].

m ([1137]%29 as her first marriage, BERTHE de Bretagne, daughter of CONAN III Duke of Brittany & his wife Matilda, illegitimate daughter of Henry I King of England (-[1162/67). The undated record of an enquiry relating to the property rights of Henri d´Avaugour states that "le comte Estienne" had three children “Geffroi, Alain et Henri aieul de cest Henri ci-dessus”, adding that Alain was sent to England, was “comte de Richemont”, and on his return married “la fille de Conan comte de Rennes”[944]. “Stephanus comes Britanniæ” donated property to Rumburgh priory, for the souls of “comitissa Haudewisa…filiorum meorum et filiarum…Galfridi…Alani, Henrici” by undated charter[945]. Her first marriage is suggested by the Chronicon Kemperlegiensis which records the death in 1146 of "Alanus Niger, Conani Ducis gener"[946]. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1148 of "Conanus Dux Britanniæ" and records that he had disinherited "Hoellus…suum…filium" and that he appointed as his successor "Eudone Vicecomite Porhoëtensi" who had married "sororem eius Bertam"[947]. She married secondly (1148 or before) Eudon Vicomte de Porhoët, who was recognised as Duke of Brittany on the death of Conan III in 1148. Mistress (1): ---. The names of Alain's mistress is not known. Alain "le Noir" & his wife had four children:

a) CONAN de Penthièvre ([1138]-18 or 20 Feb 1171, bur Bégard Monastery). The Chronicæ Sancti Albini names "Conanus junior, comes Britanniæ, Alani comitis filius et Berta mater eius comitissa" when recording his death[948]. He succeeded as CONAN IV "le Petit" Duke of Brittany. - DUKES of BRITTANY.

b) CONSTANCE de Penthièvre ([1138/46]-after 23 Jun 1184). "Conan dux Britannie comes Richmundie" confirmed the donation of Plubihan and Plougasnou to Saint-Georges de Rennes by charter to [1156/69], witnessed by "Margarita comitissa, Willelmo filio Hamon, Alano de Rohan, Constancia sorore comitis…"[949]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "aliam germanam Conani" married "Helenus de Roem"[950]. "Alanus vicecomes de Rohan…cum uxore mea Constantia" founded the abbey of Bon-Repos, as a burial place for himself and "Alanus filius meus", with the consent of "Alano et Guillelmo filiis meus", by charter dated 23 Jun 1184[951]. m ALAIN [III] Vicomte de Rohan, son of ALAIN [II] Vicomte de Rohan & his wife --- (-[1195]).

c) ENOGUEN de Penthièvre (-[1187]). Moreri names her as daughter of Alain and his wife Berthe, without citing any supporting primary source[952]. The primary source on which this information is based has not yet been identified. Nun at Saint Sulpice, Rennes. Abbess [1171].

Alain "le Noir" had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

d) ROBERT "Brito" (-[after 1155]). "…Roberto fratre comitis…" witnessed the charter dated to 1155 or before under which "Conanus dux Britannie et comes Richemundie" donated "ecclesiam de Gaituna" to Kirkstead Abbey[953]. He and his wife gave 9 acres of land in "Brochesdune" to Thetford priory[954]. m BEATRICE, daughter of ---. The primary source which confirms her marriage has not yet been identified.

NB: Medlands does NOT record 3 Illgt sons mentioned by Wikipedia:

    * Bryan FitzAlan, progenitor of the Lords of Bedale in Richmondshire.

* Stephen FitzAlan.
www.celtic-casimir.com

Alan III "le Noir" DE BRETAGNE 1st Earl of Richmond

Born: Abt 1096, Treguier, Cotes-du-Nord, France
Married: Abt 1139, Bretagne, France
Died: 15 Sep 1146, Begard, Bretagne, France

General Notes: Richmond, previous creations: Alan III, a Count of Brittany, whose uncle, another Alan, was probably a companion in arms of William I (The Conqueror) at Hastings and was granted vast land holdings in Yorkshire almost immediately after the Conquest, seems to have been recognized as Earl of Richmond by 1136. There is no record of his formal investiture with the dignity, however. His title derived from Richmond Castle in North Yorkshire, which his uncle Alan had built not long before dying in 1089 and which remained the caput or administrative centre of the honor (agglomeration of knight's fees in a single unit under the feudal system). Richmond Castle was granted to the 1st Duke of Richmond of the present creation in August 1675, the same month he was first ennobled, but the medieval hono comprised lands throughout eastern England, not just in Yorkshire. Earl Alan sided with Stephen against the Empress Maud at the time of the Anarchyl. His son Conan IV held the Dukedom of Brittany (right to which he enjoyed through his mother, Alan's wife) as well as the Earldom of Richmond. Conan IV had an only child, a daughter Constance, who married first Geoffrey, a younger son of Henry II of England who was thus acknowledged as Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany, then Ranulf, Earl of Chester, who styled himself Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany too. She divorced Ranulf in 1199 and took a third husband, Guy de Thouars, who ran the Richmond estates, but may not necessarily have been recognized as Earl of Richmond. Guy sided with the King of France against King John of England in 1203, whereupon his English lands were forfeited, after which the question as to whether he enjoyed recognition as Earl hardly arises. [Burke's Peerage, p. 2402] EARLDOM OF RICHMOND (I) ALAN III the Black (Niger), a count of Brittany and EARL OF RICHMOND, 2nd son of Stephen, born before 1100. He seems to have been marked out as the successor to his father's English lands. In 1139 an unnamed nephew of his was killed at the King's court by the servants of Roger, Bishop of Salisbury, and of the Bishops of Lincoln and Ely, and Alan urged the King to reprisals, thus contributing to the fall of the bishops. In 1140 he seized the castle of "Galclint" with its treasure, ejecting William d'Aubigny therefrom; he afterwards built a castle at "Hotun," being land of the Bishop of Durham, and ravaged Ripon and the property of the archbishopric of York. In the same year, 1140, King Stephen deprived Reynold de Dunstanville, illegitimate son of Henry I, of his lands in Cornwall and,gave the county, (patriam) to Alan, who seems to have had some claim to it as heir of his uncle Brian; he thereupon became, or at any rate assumed the style of EARL OF CORNWALL. He fought on the side of Stephen at the battle of Lincoln, 2 February 1141, but was put to flight at the outset by the charge of the "Disinherited." Later in the same year he was taken prisoner by Ranulf, Earl of Chester, who forced him to do homage and to surrender the Earldom of Cornwall to Reynold de Dunstanville. At Christmas 1141 he was with the King at Canterbury, where as comes Alanus he witnessed the King's second charter for Geoffrey de Mandeville. After Easter 1142 a tournament between him and William, Count of Aumale, was stopped by the King. In 1143 he invaded the church of Ripon and insulted Archbishop William at the tomb of St. Wilfred. In or shortly before 1145 he issued two charters of confirmation for the abbey of Jervaulx, adding a gift of common of pasture. In 1145 he crossed to Brittany, whence he never returned, and later in the year at Quimper issued a charter confirining the abbey of St. Melaine at Rennes in its rights over the church of St. Sauveur at Guingamp and over their possessions in England. In Brittany he executed two other charters, which have survived, one at Rennes on 6 January 1146 and the other at Ploërrnel. He married Bertha, daughter of Conan III, DUKE OF BRITTANY, by Maud, illegitimate daughter of HENRY I. He, died in Brittany, 15 September 1146, and was buried at Bégard. His widow married, 2ndly, in or before 1148, Eudon, VICOMTE OF PORHOËT, who on the death of Conan III in 1148 was recognised as Duke of Brittany jure uxoris; she had Costessy and othcr lands in Norfolk In dower, and was living in 1162, but dead in 1167. [Complete Peerage X:788-91, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)] Alan Niger was an active partisan of King Stephen in his contest with the Empress Maud. In 1142, he took the castle of Lincoln, with considerable treasure, from Ranulph, Earl of Chester, by scaling the walls at night. He also garrisoned the castle of Hotun, in Yorkshire, then part of the bishop of Durham's possessions, and made great spoil at Ripon upon the demesnes and tenants of thearchbishop of York. This Alan Niger, who is described as a most deceitful, wicked person, wrote himself Earl of Brittany, Cornwall, and Richmond; but notwithstanding that character, he appears, like his progenitors, to have been a munificent benefactor to the church. His lordship m. Bertha, dau. and heir of Conan le Gros, the 3rd Duke of Bretagne (and by this marriage acquired the title of Duke of Brittany) and had issue, Conan le Petit, his successor, Brian, Guy, and Reginald. He d. in 1165 and was s. by his eldest son. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 162, de Dreux, Earls of Richmond] In the summer of 1140, Stephen with his amazingly consistent energy against new threats, brought an army to Cornwall to regain his own lands there. He recovered all the castles which had fallen into the hands of Reginald, illegitimate son of Henry I, with the exception of the one Reginald himself inhabited. Stephen introduced his own loyal supporter, Alan of Penthièvre, into Cornwall, gave the recovered lands into his hands, and shortly afterwards created him Earl of Cornwall. However, Matilda gave Reginald the same title, and the two rival earls were left to contest their claims. In February, 1141, Alan fought alongside Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln. After the defeat of Stephen's forces, Alan continued to fight on and tried to ambush Ranulf of Chester but was captured, put in chains and tortured in a dungeon until he submitted to Ranulf, did homage to him, and handed over his castles. Another result of this humiliation for Alan was that it confirmed that his rival in the west country, Reginald, would keep the earldom of Cornwall. [Jim Bradbury, Stephen and Matilda, The Civil War of 1139-53, Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd., Gloucestershire,

Marriage Information: Alan married Bertha DE BRETAGNE Heiress of Brittany, daughter of Conan III "Le Gros" DE BRETAGNE Duke of Brittany and Princess Maud Margaret D' ANGLETERRE, about 1139 in Bretagne, France. (Bertha DE BRETAGNE Heiress of Brittany was born about 1122 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Anjou/Pays-de-la-Loire, France and died before 1167 in Richmond Castle, North Riding Yorkshire, England.)

www.findagrave.com

Alan de Penthièvre
Birth 1100
Denain, Departement du Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
Death 15 Sep 1146 (aged 45–46)
Derien, Departement des Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France
Burial
Begard Abbey
Begard, Departement des Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France
Memorial ID 85845695

Family Members
Parents
Stephen de Penthièvre
unknown–1136

Spouse
Bertha Duchess of Brittany

Siblings
Agnoria Penthievre Dinham
1092 – unknown
Mahaut "Maud, Matilda" De Bretagne De Gaunt
1092–1135

Children
Conan de Penthièvre IV
1138–1171

.