I can establish that I am in Thomas' direct line of descent. The line goes thusly: Thomas of New Haven > Joseph of Newark > James of Morris County, New Jersey > John of Mendham, New Jersey > Samuel Swazey of Mississippi and Louisiana > John P. of Coldspring, Texas > John Pickney of Coldspring, Texas > Newby Lister of Houston, Texas > Jack G. of Houston, Texas > myself. I have had my Y-DNA assayed using the FTDNA Big Y 700 test and our terminal Haplogroup number is R-BY54815, which is a follow on of R-FGC11134. The testing firmly establishes that Thomas' paternal line of descent is thoroughly Irish, old Irish, not Ulster Scottish. Thomas was not related directly to John Inglish Cairnes. While the Carnes and Cairns are related, the divergence between the two genetic lines took place approximately 2,600 years ago, 1600 years prior to the custom of having surnames began.