According to historic literature that I have read, Pio Pico lost most of his land due to receiving funds from a man named Cohen for what he believed was a loan; due to the information he got from an interpreter for the negotiations. When he attempted to pay back the 60,000.00 he thought he had borrowed, Mr. Cohen told him that he had deeded his property in exchange for the funds. A 7 yr. court battle ensued, but to no avail. This was how he lost most of his wealth. I find it insulting that your online article says that he lost his fortune to gambling. I think you should check your facts.
When someone loses more than 100,000 acres and is forced to fund a lengthy court battle, it is apparent that this would be a far more determining factor than simply betting on horse races.
I am making this statement as the wife of one of the great, great grandsons of Pio Pico, Edward Pico Marquez, son of Josefine Pico Marquez who was the last remaining great granddaughter of Pio Pico until she died in 2014.
Carol Marquez