This seems to be a portrait of Hannah Fayerweather (1727–1790) married in 1756 to John Winthrop, a professor of mathematics and natural history at Harvard University and a noted astronomer. Unfortunately not Governor John Winthrop's wife, Mary.
Artist: John Singleton Copley (American, Boston, Massachusetts 1738–1815 London)
https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/31.109/