The notes on this page suggest that Hans Adam did not survive the Atlantic voyage, since his name is not on the ship roster with his wife and kids. However, in searching through the ship records, there are a number of other potential 'Harpoles' who came over in 1738 and subsequent years on other ships. A couple of these stand out as possible evidence for Hans Adam coming over on a different ship.
On Sept. 9, 1738, one month before the "Thistle" landed, a Johannes Hippel (or Huppel) came over. He was listed as 40 yrs old, and there do not appear to be other family members on the ship.
On Sept. 26, 1741 (3 years later), there is a John Adan Hebol who arrives.
Finally, on Aug. 31, 1750, Johann Herbolt and Han Adam Herbolt arrive.
There are other folks with similar last names in these years, but these are the only ones that seem to fit with Hans Adan/John Adam. The last names are close enough to be variations of Herpoldt/Harpole, but it's difficult to know. Also, none of these appear to have wives or kids with them, which could support a situation where they traveled separately.