Stories of Black Indians - A Hidden Heritage

Where are the Black Cherokees descendants now? See http://stephenbodio.blogspot.ca/2005/09/newest-indians-dna-black-ch...

"That the Blood Stay Pure: African Americans, Native Americans, and the Predicament of Race and Identity in Virginia" is a 2013 book by Arica L. Coleman. It is described at http://www.iupress.indiana.edu/product_info.php?products_id=806959

"A Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2014
That the Blood Stay Pure traces the history and legacy of the commonwealth of Virginia’s effort to maintain racial purity and its impact on the relations between African Americans and Native Americans. Arica L. Coleman tells the story of Virginia’s racial purity campaign from the perspective of those who were disavowed or expelled from tribal communities due to their affiliation with people of African descent or because their physical attributes linked them to those of African ancestry. Coleman also explores the social consequences of the racial purity ethos for tribal communities that have refused to define Indian identity based on a denial of blackness. This rich interdisciplinary history, which includes contemporary case studies, addresses a neglected aspect of America’s long struggle with race and identity."

Welcome to 3 new collaborators Justin Swanström, Kenneth Kwame Welsh and Michael M. van Beuren to "Black Indians - A Hidden Heritage", Geni Project 31169 at http://www.geni.com/projects/Black-Indians-A-Hidden-Heritage/collab... and its first related discussion at http://www.geni.com/discussions/152482 . Michael, my father was born in Vermont in 1915 but moved to Canada with his family while he was still a toddler. I am not related to Vermont's Green Mountain Boys. Thanks to all 3 of you for your willingness to contribute to this project. We already have one profile posted at the project page and we encourage posting of profiles of other people who have a combination of known African and Native ancestry.

Check out the photos at https://it.pinterest.com/pin/86975836530322426/

A woman who had both African American and Native ancestry was Mary Sampson Langston (Patterson). Mary Sampson Langston . Described as a "Free Negro", she reported that there had been a French trader who came down the St. Lawrence, then on foot to the Carolinas, and mated with her grandmother.

Geni has a profile for Ganga Zumba, leader in the 1600's at Palmares, a community in northeastern Brazil made up of runaway African slaves and friendly Indigenous people. See Ganga Zumba .

In "Black Indians: A Hidden Heritage" (1997) William Loren Katz, at page 46, describes a "maroon colony" called "Republic of Palmeres" in northeastern Brazil, ruled by King Ganga-Zumba. In 1640 a Dutch citizen named Lintz reported 11,000 people living in Palmares's three villages. Ganga-Zumba combined an Angolan word for "great" with a Tupi Indian word for "ruler".

The mother of Ganga-Zumba was Aqualtune, Princesa do Congo, born in Congo, estimated before 1632. Aqualtune, Princesa do Congo